Earticle

영국의 스핀햄랜드제도, 미국의 가족지원계획(Family Assistance Plan, FAP), 그리고 한국의 국민기초생활보장제도는 국가와 시대를 달리하지만 빈민들에게 최저소득을 보장한 제도(미국의 경우는 계획)라는 유사성이 있다. 그러나 스핀햄랜드제도는 39년 동안만 존속하고 폐기되었으며, 가족지원계획은 법안이 의회에서 통과되지 못해 계획으로 머물렀다. 이와는 대조적으로 국민기초생활보장제도는 2000년 시행 이후 2016년 현재까지 시행되고 있다. 이 세 제도의 유사성과 상이성을 살펴보고, 스핀햄랜드제도와 가족지원계획의 실패 경험으로 바탕으로 국민기초생활보장제도의 지속적인 발전 방향을 살펴보는 것은 의미가 있다고 본다. 본 논문에서는 영국의 스핀햄랜드제도, 미국의 가족지원계획, 한국의 국민기초생활보장제도의 도입 배경과 내용, 세 제도(계획)에 대한 평가를 살펴보고, 스핀햄랜드제도와 가족지원계획의 실패 경험을 통해서 국민기초생활보장제도의 지속적인 발전 방향에 대한 시사점을 살펴보았다.

Speenhamdland refers to a town in Berkshire County, England, where the county squires decreed in May 1795 that the poor should be entitled to a specific quantity of assistance depending upon the price of bread and the size of the family. This form of provision is often called aid-in-wages because when the gap between wages and the price of bread widened, the Parish used poor relief funds to supplement the wages of workers and their families. Speenhamland has had a very real impact on social policy debates in England and the United States for two full centuries. In the twentieth century, this impact has generally occurred under the radar of explicit political debate and publicity. One such incident occurred in United States during the Nixon Administration when Daniel Patrick Moynihan developed his Family Assistance Plan(FAP). National Basic Livelihood Security Program that was introduced in 2000 in Korea has also income guaranteed program. These three program have something in common. These three program were based on a guaranteed income for all people. However, Speenhamland had existed only 39 years. Family Assistance Plan could not pass in the Senate. As implications of Speenhamland and Family Assistance Plan for National Basic Livelihood Security of Korea, National Basic Livelihood Security should receive support from people, show positive aspects, and develop theoretical base.

Purpose：This study was performed for find out temporal․spatial parameter of the gait according to age. Method：Four groups of healthy people were allocated randomly in this study : groupⅠ(little child, 15), groupⅡ(child, 18) and groupⅢ(young people, 17), group(elder people, 16). This study was performed from 01 December to 31 December in 2007. Results：The results were as follows : 1. The swing phase was the longest groupⅡ, groupⅣ was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in swing phase(p<.05). 2. The stance phase was the longest groupⅣ, groupⅡ was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in stance phase(p<.05). 3. The single support time was the longest groupⅡ, groupⅣ was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in single support time(p<.05). 4. The double support time was the longest groupⅣ, groupⅡ was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in double support time(p<.05). 5. The gait velocity was the fastest groupⅡ, groupⅠ was the slowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in gait velocity(p<.05). 6. The toe in/out was very increased groupⅣ, groupⅠ was very decreased. Each groups, there was significant difference in toe in/out(p<.05). 7. The cadence was the highest groupⅠ, groupⅣ was the lowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in cadence(p<.05). 8. The step length was the longest groupⅢ, groupⅠ was the shortest. Each groups, there was significant difference in step length(p<.05). 9. The step length asymmetry ratio was the highest groupⅣ, groupⅢ was the lowest. Each groups, there was no significant difference in step length asymmetry ratio(p>.05). 10. The single support time asymmetry ratio was the highest groupⅠ, groupⅣ was the lowest. Each groups, there was no significant difference in single support time asymmetry ratio (p>.05). 11. The FAP was the highest groupⅢ, groupⅠwas the lowest. Each groups, there was significant difference in FAP(p<.05).

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to identify influence that PNF method have an effect in function restoration of the impaired patients of central nervous system Methods : The data were collected by 15 adult stroke patients. The treatment was based on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques. Tempora1 and spatial parameters of gait were analysed for using the computerized GAITRite system. Results : In the comparison of functional ambulation profile(F AP) before and after experiment, the FAP was significantly increased in the PNF method. The gait velocity, cadence and single support time asymmetry ratio was significantly increased in the PNF method. The Motor Assessment Scale was significantly increased in the PNF method. Conclusions : Based on these results, it is concluded that the forced PNF method for 6 weeks can be improve the temporal-spatial gait parameters including FAP in hemiplegic patients. Therefore, the forced PNF method is useful to improve the function restoration in hemiplegic patients. Further study should be done to analyze the effects of interγention duration of treatment, optimal time to apply the treatment in more long peried.

In this paper, a Gauss-Seidel fast affine projection (GS-FAP) algorithm developed for the linear active noise control (ANC) is further utilized for nonlinear ANC of a 2nd-order Volterra systems with a nonlinear primary path and a noisy secondary path. The simulation results, obtained by applying adaptive Volterra filtering, show that the proposed approach yields more stable and faster nonlinear AN.C, compared with the conventional methods for the nonlinear ANC in case of noisy plant models.

In this paper, we propose a method for implementing a system for decoding the parameter data based on Facial Animation Parameter (FAP) developed by MPEG-4 Synthetic/Natural Hybrid Coding (SNHC) subcommittee. The data is displayed according to FAP with human mucle model animation engine. Proposed model has the basic properties of the human skin specified by be energy funtional for realistic facial animation.

이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서 이동 호스트(클라이언트)는 네트워크가 연결되어 있는 동안 단절에 대비하여 중요한 파일들을 자신의 로컬 캐쉬에 저장하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 클라이언트가 네트워크 단절시 가까운 미래에 사용하게 될 파일을 캐쉬에 저장하는 선인출 메커니즘을 제안한다. 이 메커니즘은 분석기, 선인출 목록 생성기, 그리고 선인출 관리기를 활용한다. 분석기는 클라이언트의 파일 참조 기록을 FAP(File Access Pattern) 프로파일에 저장한다. 선인출 목록 생성기는 이 프로파일을 이용하여 선인출 목록을 만들며, 선인출 관리기는 이 선인출 목록을 파일 서버에게 요청한다. 본 논문은 단지 관련성이 깊은 파일들이 선인출되는 것을 보장하기 위해 TRP(Threshold of Reference Probability) 파라미터를 설정하였다. 선인출 목록 생성기는 참조 확률이 TRP 이상인 파일들을 선인출 목록에 추가한다. 또한, 본 논문은 선인출 목록을 저장하는데 필요한 적재 크기를 줄이기 위해 TACP(Threshold of Access Counter Probability) 파라미터를 사용한다. 마지막으로, 우리는 캐쉬 적중률, 단절 후 클라이언트의 참조 파일 수, 적재 크기를 측정하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 선인출 메커니즘의 성능이 LRU 캐슁 메커니즘 보다 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, TACP를 이용한 선인출은 적재 크기를 줄일 수 있으면서도, TACP를 사용하지 않는 선인출과 바슷한 성능을 보임을 확인하였다.

In the mobile computing environment, in order to make copies of important files available when being disconnected the mobile host(client) must store them in its local cache while the connection is maintained. In this paper, we propose the prefetching mechanism for the client to save files which may be accessed in the near future. Our mechanism utilizes analyzer, prefetch-list producer, and prefetch manager. The analyzer records file access patterns of the user in a FAP(File Access Patterns) profile. Using the profile, the prefetch-list producer creates the prefetch-list. The prefetch manager requests a file server to return this list. We set the parameter TRP(Threshold of Reference Probability) to ensure that only reasonably related files can be prefetched. The prefetch-list producer adds the files to a prefetch-list if their reference probability is greater than the TRP. We also use the parameter TACP(Threshold of Access Counter Probability) to reduce the hoarding size required to store a prefetch-list. Finally, we measure the metrics such as the cache hit ratio, the number of files referenced by the client after disconnection and the hoarding size. The simulation results show that the performance of our mechanism is superior to that of the LRU caching mechanism. Our results also show that prefetching with the TACP can reduce the hoard size while maintaining similar performance of prefetching without TACP.

The purpose of the study was to determine if there was a difference in the Functional Ambulation Performance score of senior adults with or without a history of falls during walking at a preferred velocity. Twelve subjects with a history of falling (mean age=73.8) and eight subjects with no history of falling (mean age=70.4) participated in the study. Temporal and spatial parameters of gait were analyzed using the computerized GAITRite system. The GAITRite system integrates specific components of locomotion to provide a single, numerical representation of gait, the Functional Ambulation Performance score. The Functional Ambulation Performance score is a Quantitative means of assessing gait based on specific temporal and spatial parameters. Statistical analysis of the two groups demonstrated a significant decrease in Functional Ambulation Performance score for those with a history of falls. They had lower values for step/extremity ratios, mean normalized velocity, and greater values for step times, percent in double support. These results indicate that the GAITRite system can be useful in detecting footfall patterns and selected time and distance measurements of persons with a history of falls and the Functional Ambulation Performance score can be used as indicators of gait performance for senior adults with a history of falls.

This study was conducted to investigate days after anthesis (DAA) and fruit after-ripening period (FAP) for seed-harvesting of high quality watermelon seeds. Fruit weight and number of seed per fruit increased according to DAA, while those did not significant about FAP. Ratio of cotyledon at whole seed was higher about 2 to 4% compared to seed coat irrespective of DAA and FAP. Germinability of watermelon was not a significant effect by DAA, however, it had differences by FAP. Percent of germination (PB) was below 50%, when 30 days maturated fruits after anthesis was omitted ripening, while PB was increased to 92% by ripening. In addition, seeds at DAA 40 and FAP 20 were higher general seedling vigors (hypocotyl length, diameter etc.) in BP test. Results indicated that considering seed productivity, it had maximized seed viability at DAA 40 and FAP 20.