Earticle

본고에서는 수출협상의 규모, 이행기간, 수출비중, 기업의 규모 등의 특성 변수와 기업가치의 관계를 사건연구(event study)기법을 통하여 연구하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수출계약의 체결은 기업가치에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 수출계약의 규모와 기업가치와의 관계는 특별한 유의성을 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 계약의 이행기간과 기업가치와의 관계는, 단기에 있어서는 유의성이 없지만 장기적으로는 이행기간이 긴 수출계약이 기업가치에 큰 영향을 미친다. 넷째, 수출비중과 기업가치와의 관계는, 단기에 있어서는 유의성이 없지만 장기적으로는 수출비중이 큰 기업일수록 계약체결이 기업가치에 보다 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 다섯째, 기업의 규모가 클수록 수출협상 타결은 단기 및 장기에서 기업가치에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다.

In this study, we analyze how the news of export contracts affect the firm value. Also, we want to know whether export weight-ratio, scale of negotiation, company's scale and performance period of contract play some role between export contracts and firm value. We utilize the “event study” technique to measure the firm value, and find the export contracts positively affect the value of the firm. However we fail to find any meaningful relationship between size of the contract and firm value. The export weight-ration and performance period of contract do affect the firm value in the long run.

ICC Model Turnkey Contract for Major Projects(Pub.659)는 공급자와 구매자간의 균형을 우선적으로 하는 모델계약서로써 산업플랜트 뿐만 아니라 소프트웨어와 같은 서비스 분야와 도시 기반시설 구축 등의 토목 공사까지 다루는 모델계약서로써 계약서를 작성하는 데 소요되는 시간과 노력을 절감 하게 한다. 국제턴키수출계약 체결 시 공급자는 공급한 계약 물품을 구체화 하는 것에서부터 계약의 본격적인 이행단계 그리고 대금 회수에 이르기까지 발생할 수 있는 위험을 최대한 고려하여 계약서를 작성하여야 한다. 그리고 계약의 이행이 완료 된 후 하자 보수의 규정에 대하여도 최대한 구체적으로 작성하여 추후에 문제가 발생하지 않도록 방지해야 하며, 문제 발생 시 해결방법에 대하여 준거법 및 중재 조항 등을 삽입하여 원활히 해결할 수 있도록 하여야 한다. 향후 국제턴키수출계약을 진작시키고 해외 수출을 장려하기 위하여 ICC모델 계약서를 비롯한 이 분야에 대한 연구가 더욱 활발히 진행될 것으로 기대한다.

ICC Model Turnkey Contract for Major Projects(Pub.659) makes as a model contract primarily a balanced between suppliers and buyers and includes service sectors such as software issues as well as industrial plants. When closing a international turnkey export contract, A supplier has to draw up a contract considering the available risk from shaping up the works, implementation of the contract to collection of the price for turnkey exports. And a supplier prescribes the part of defect correction concretely in order to stop the contract causing troubles and includes governing law and arbitration articles to solve the problem smoothly. From now on, It's hope to study further about this thesis including ICC Model Contract in order to promotion international turnkey export contracts and foreign exports.

Since 2008 small & medium shipbuilding corporations have had the difficulty of obtaining the refund guarantee from commercial banks because small & medium shipbuilding corporations have long suffered from financial distress. In this situation the Korea Trade Insurance Corporation made a decision to help small & medium shipbuilding corporations’ difficulty of receiving the refund guarantee. The Korea Trade Insurance Corporation lets commercial banks issue the refund guarantee to small & medium shipbuilding corporations through the export bond insurance system. The Korea Trade Insurance Corporation makes an export bond insurance contract with a commercial bank. In case that a commercial bank as a guarantor paid a guaranteed amount to a beneficiary under the refund guarantee, the Korea Trade Insurance Corporation should pay an insured amount to the commercial bank. The Korea Supreme Court recently decided a case in respect of an export bond insurance contract. In this case, the Standard Chartered Bank as a plaintiff is an assured under the export bond insurance contract. The Korea Trade Insurance Corporation as a defendant is an insurer. However, the Korea Trade Insurance Corporation did not pay the insured amount to the Standard Chartered Bank on the ground that the assured violated the special terms and conditions of the export bond insurance contract. Finally, the Korea Supreme Court supported a defendant(the Korea Trade Insurance Corporation)' arguments and rejected a plaintiff(Standard Chartered Bank)’ arguments. The Korea Trade Insurance Corporation, therefore, won the case. In conclusion, first, the Korea Supreme Court too easily ignored the role and responsibility of the Korea Trade Insurance Corporation under the export bond insurance system. Second, it is necessary for a commercial bank to manage legal risk in connection with the export bond insurance contract.

In this study, I studied about the matters to be taken into account when exhibitors to enter into export contracts through trade show. Then, focused on providing the basic framework of strategy export contract. In Section Ⅱ, I examined trade show about what the position, role and function as a market place. In Ⅲ Chapter, was derived from the point of view of the sale purpose to the problems that are missed when the companies of our country took part in the trade show. For considerations strategic for this, I was presented in Chapter Ⅳ. In Section Ⅱ, I examined trade show about what the position, role and function as a market place. In ⅢChapter, was derived from the point of view of the sale purpose to the problems that are missed when the companies of our country took part in the trade show. For considerations strategic for this, I was presented in Chapter Ⅳ. In Section Ⅳ, first, it should be considered in the trade show and corporate activities for the conclusion of the export contract, has developed a comprehensive model of strategic cases.

The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which smart contracts can be applied to the software export business and to find out the legislative issues to activate smart contracts. A smart contract is a computer program that automatically executes a contract when conditions are fulfilled. Smart contracts can play a pivotal role in the field that requires immediate execution of contract or in a highly standardized field with multiple parties involved. In the software export business, it is desirable to apply the smart contract partially rather than applying the smart contract to the entire process because various parties are involved and the process is very complicated. The business model of exporting packaged software, a completed software that is mainly licensed for use, rather than the business model of exporting customized software is suitable for using smart contracts because the project for implementing customized software is mainly focused in the development stage. When smart contracts are used in processes such as contract signing, payment, and project management, work efficiency can be increased. In addition, smart contracts can be used when conditions can be quantified, such as error penalties, in areas that previously required contracts with third parties such as banks, guarantors. In order for smart contracts to be actively used in practice, legal reviews on various issues are necessary including the legality of a smart contract and the validity as an electronic document of NFT (non-fungible token) certificate. Also, for the system stability preventing hacking, etc, the periodic verification or inspection by a third party is essential. To activate smart contracts in international transactions the international treaty regarding smart contracts is also necessary.

우리나라 수출기업은 급변하는 글로벌 무역환경 속에서도 여전히 기존의 계약 관행에 크게 의존하고있으며, 도제식 교육 방식이 지속됨에 따라 계약 운용의 유연한 대응과 민첩성이 미흡한 실정이다. 본연구는 거래비용이론과 자원의존이론을 바탕으로 무역계약 제약요인과 시장 교섭력을 도출하였다. 아울러 이들 요인이 관행 고착성과 운영 민첩성에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 연구 대상은 우리나라 수출기업으로 한국무역협회, 대한무역투자진흥공사, 한국공작기계산업협회, 한국식품산업협회등 회원 리스트를 바탕으로 2025년 2월 9일부터 동년 4월 12일까지 온·오프라인을 혼합한 방식인 대면, 전화, e-mail 등을 통해 총 1,500부가 배포되었다. 회수된 251부 중 불성실한 응답 8부를 제외한243부의 응답을 바탕으로 SPSS ver. 28.0과 SmartPLS ver. 4.1을 활용해 PLS-SEM을 시행하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같이 도출되었다. 첫째, 무역계약 제약요인 중 무역계약지식 미흡성만이 관행 고착성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 시장 교섭력은 물류시스템 취약성 및 무역환경불안정성과 관행 고착성 간의 관계에서 각각 유의한 정(+)의 조절 효과를 보였다. 셋째, 관행 고착성은 수출기업의 운영 민첩성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.

Purpose: This study analyzed how trade contract constraints, based on Transaction Cost Theory, affect the path dependence and operational agility in Korean export firms, and further examined the moderating effect of market bargaining power through the lens of Resource Dependence Theory. Research design, data, and methodology: A structured survey using a seven-point Likert scale was conducted with Korean exporting firms selected through simple random sampling from members of KITA, KOTRA, KOMMA, and KFIA. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 28.0 and SmartPLS version 4.1, applying the PLS-SEM method to test the proposed research model. Results: Only the lack of trade contract knowledge significantly increased the path dependence, which, in turn, positively influenced operational agility. Market bargaining power moderated the effects of logistics and environmental instability on path dependence. Conclusions: Path dependence in trade contracts can enhance execution consistency in unstable environments. Rather than limiting flexibility, repetition may function as an adaptive strategy. Improving contract literacy can foster compliance and agility.