Earticle

스마트폰을 이용하는 게임 산업과 관련 시장은 매년 급성장하고 있으며 플레이어는 다양한 환경에 게임요소와 즐거운 게임의 그래픽적 시각개선을 기대하고 있다. 게임애플리케이션의 설계에서 시각요소의 사용자 관점의 환경은 PC게 임등과 달리 매우 간단한 조작이지만 보다 정교하며 게임의 질적 향상을 위한 계획적 접근이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구는 최근 다운로드 순위 상위랭킹에 게임을 사례로 기존의 연구를 바탕으로 구조화된 설문지를 작성하여 설문 조사를 실시하 였다. 조사대상은 2억명 이상 다운로드된 음양사게임으로 중국의 유저들을 대상으로 한정하여 각 GUI의 선호도를 조사하 여 분석하였다. 선호도에서 나타난 UI/UX 디자인의 그래픽 기본요소의 성공요인 개선해야 할 점등을 파악하고 게임 어플 리케이션을 설계할 시 고려되어야 할 계획요소에 대한 고찰을 연구목적으로 하여 시각 요소, 정보 요소, 조작 및 신속 대응 이 얼마나 중요한지를 검증해 본다.

The game industry using Smart phones and related market is rapidly growing every year and a graphical view of the game fun and games player is in a diverse environment improvement. Game visuals in the design of the application of the user's perspective, very simple tricks, unlike such as the game's environment is pc, but more sophisticated and to improve the quality of the game, planning is required. Ranking the top rankings, game downloads this study, therefore, has recently structured questionnaire based on the case in existing research conducted a survey. The surveyed more than 200 million people downloaded the Onmyoji game users in China was limited to the preferences of each gui survey analyzed. Preference shown in graphic identify success factors should be improved to lighting of the basic elements of design / ux ui and applications should be taken into account when designing the game. A Study on Design Factors for research purposes. The results verification the importance of visual elements, information elements, manipulation, and rapid response.

본 『원론』은 초등수학의 기초를 논리적으로 순서 있게 해설하여 서양수학의 기초가 되었다. 『묵자』는 중국에서 기원전 500년경의 춘추전국시대에 활동했던 묵자의 사상을 엮은 책이다. 이 책에는『원론』과 같은 수학적 내용이 포함되어 있다. 『묵자』와 『원론』의 수학적 내용은 정의가 같은 것도 있고 비슷한 것도 있지만 완전히 다른 것은 거의 없다. 이 논문에서는『묵자』와 『원론』을 통하여 고대 동양의 수학과 고대 그리스의 수학 차이점과 공통점을 비교한다. 『묵자』는 수학적 내용 자체에 중점을 두었고, 『원론』은 수학적 내용을 전개하는 논리적인 방법에 중점을 두었다. 이는 동양이 수학적인 내용도 철학과 사상으로 해석하려 했던 반면 서양에서는 수학적 내용 자체를 연구하였기 때문이다.

Euclid had given a logical explanation for elementary mathematics in Elements. So Elements became the basis of modern Western mathematics. Mojia is a book published about BC 500 years in China’s Warring States Period. Mojiacontains the mathematical details the same as Elements. In this paper, we compare the differences and similarities of Ancient Orient and Greece mathematics from Mojia and Elements. Mojia is focused on mathematical content, but Elements is focused on a logical way to develop mathematical content. The reason is that the mathematical content of the Orient dealt philosophically while, in the West, has studied the mathematical content itself. This is the biggest difference of the mathematical point of view between ancient Orient and ancient Greece.

This paper presents a concise introduction to the cultural and creative packaging design and the "Four Symbols" motif, followed by an analysis of two designs. In the analysis process, a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm was applied to generate preliminary design scores, and then further evaluation was conducted according to the scores. It was found that the CNN algorithm could be used for preliminary scoring of the packaging design. The CNN-generated scores for both designs showed strong alignment with manual evaluation scores. The graphic and color matching of the "Four Symbols" motif in the two designs enhanced the cultural heritage of the products and effectively engaged consumer interest.

This paper provides a brief overview of color elements in visual communication, followed by a case analysis of packaging design schemes for three cultural and creative products. Initially, the effectiveness of the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm used for the preliminary assessment of the packaging design schemes was tested. Subsequently, a more in-depth analysis was conducted based on the preliminary assessment results. The results showed that the trained CNN algorithm could effectively make a preliminary assessment on the packaging design schemes. The packaging designs for the three cultural and creative products all successfully utilized colors and layouts to convey the high quality of the products to consumers.

Stress can arise even with the effective use of a product, and it can cause negative emotions and affect the mind and body in different ways. This study focuses on stress caused by interacting with digital products and which specific elements of user interfaces could induce stress and result in its known negative consequences. Previous studies and cases discussing some relation between user interfaces and stress were reviewed to identify elements that could cause stress to users while interacting with digital products. After merging similar and overlapping concepts, eleven final stress-inducing elements associated to 4 different categories (User Experience, Usability, Psychophysiology of Stress and Interface Visual Design) were identified, defined and exemplified: Content Overload, Service Instability, Low level of Attractiveness, Lack of Control, Low level of Safety, Low Usability, Unpredictability, Uncertainty, Unfamiliarity, Judgment or social evaluation threat and Poor Visual Design. This set of elements could help design better interfaces while taking into consideration users' mental and emotional state.

With the rapid development of information technology, mass media has changed people's ways of learning and communicating. People, especially the younger generation, are becoming more inclined to visual resources to learn about the world, exchange ideas, and entertain themselves than ever before. A city promotion film plays a vital role in constructing a city's image and improving its reputation. Hangzhou has been making preparations for the 19th Asian Games, which is a good chance for this city to become more popular in the world and to get a favorable position in global competition. It is of great significance to study how the city promotion film helps Hangzhou successfully create its city image and in what ways it affects the audience's psychology. This paper selects "Hangzhou is not only a poem," a famous city promotion film of Hangzhou, as its study object, adopts the French Semiotician Roland Barthes' signification mode theory to study the signs used in this film and how they work together to signify and create the international image of Hangzhou. In addition, it tries to explore its impacts on the audience's psychology from the semiotic perspective. It is found that this promotional film mainly employs such visual signs as characters, landscapes, subtitles, and audio signs like background music and voice-over. Various signs are used jointly at three signification levels. At the first signification level, picture signs and musical signs work together to signify the images of Hangzhou as a city of ecological tourism, vitality & innovation, and happiness & civilization, respectively. At the second signification level, the three images of Hangzhou are juxtaposed to signify that Hangzhou is a city with favorable living and working environment. At the third signification level, the multi-dimensional image of Hangzhou as the signifier refers to the ultimate purpose of this film, which is to improve the fame and influence of Hangzhou. This city promotion film is of great significance to make Hangzhou more well-known and successfully satisfies the audience's psychological needs such as seeking information, being curious, entertaining, and so on.

Excellent apparel design can increase market competitiveness. This article briefly introduced the theory of fractals and its application in the field of apparel design. The convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm was used to assist in the evaluation of apparel designs. In the case analysis, the accuracy of the evaluation was validated by comparing the CNN algorithm with two other intelligent algorithms, support vector machine (SVM) and back propagation (BP). The evaluation of the proposed design showed that compared with SVM and BP algorithms, the CNN algorithm had higher accuracy in evaluating apparel designs. The evaluation result of the proposed apparel design not only further verifies the effectiveness of the CNN algorithm, but also demonstrates that the theory of fractals can be effectively applied in apparel design to provide more innovative designs.

The art museums in South Korea are mostly small-scaled institutions with small amount of art works. Thus, internationally accepted metadata standards such as CDWA and VRA Core may not be efficient to manage their collections. Because of these distinct local characteristics, there is a need to create a set of metadata elements that can be used for the art museum community in the country. This research aims to propose a set of metadata elements customized to fit into the context of small-scaled art museums in South Korea. The construction of the element set was not from scratch but on the basis of existing standards such as CDWA, VRA Core, and Dublin Core. By identifying core elements that are indispensable in describing art works and collecting opinions of experts in art museums, the proposed set of metadata elements is expected to support the operation and management of art works and satisfy the localized needs of the art museum community.

Chinese auspicious element is a kind of art which is used to express yearning of a happy life. It is one of the great treasures of China, with not only emotional value of the people but also an aesthetic value. Chinese auspicious element derives from the aspiration of luck, enthusiasm of life and conciseness of eliminating malicious. It is of great cultural connotation and widely used in interior design, graphic design, fashion design and such. There are many research papers on application methodology of auspicious elements; however, there are very limited research papers on three-dimension product, let alone application in tableware. This paper focuses on illustration of Chinese representative auspicious element "auspicious fish" in tableware design. The research of its application of auspicious element's styling characteristics is of important significance in auspicious element spread and tableware design. This dissertation aims to provide referential design methodology and experience for later researches on related topic.

The effects of basal media, carbon, nitrogen, phosphate and some major macro elements on growth and shikonin production in Lithospermum erythrorhizon hairy root culture were studied. Among examined media, growth of hairy root cultured in B5 liquid medium was rapid, whereas shikonin production was high in MS liquid medium. Under B5 basal medium, sucrose concentration for optimal growth and shikonin production was 9% and 4% respectively. The growth and shikonin production on pH changes in B5 medium resulted little effect in pH 5.8 to pH 8.8 ranges, whereas growth was decreased dramatically in both above 8.8 and under 5.8. Nitrogen source and concentration effected on the growth rate wsa in B5 medium (50 mM KNO₃and 1 mM NaH₂PO₄), whereas the highest shikonin production was in the condition supplemented with 5 mM KNO₃and 10 mM NaH₂PO₄.

Libraries are still conservative in their approach or practice of providing various services for the unspecified majority of visitors attending these institutions. It is very apparent that libraries are not actively trying to increase the interest and participation of users by applying the various angles or elements associated with gamification. By its very nature, gamification is the application of game-playing elements such as point scoring, peer competition, team work, score tables, and such used to motivate participants and make them more engaged with the subject matter. In areas such as education, marketing, and exercise, the implementation of gamification techniques is actively taking place in order to maximum participation by taking advantage of uncertainties or the competitive nature that many people have with the setting of goals. In this study, four libraries that have applied gamification are analyzed to understand how and to what degree gamification has been applied. Broken down into four different elements, this includes: Point, Reward, Leaderboards & Competition, Self-expression & Achievement. By focusing on the results of this analysis, gamification measures that can be applied to other libraries are specifically proposed. The overall results of this study will provide useful guidance and potential plans for libraries seeking to increase the number of users by using gamification to increase user participation and/or satisfaction with additional library services.

The transition from manufacturing to service-based economies in highly developed societies during the post-industrial period resulted in the decline of the industrial landscape, leaving it abandoned or underutilized. In pursuit of revitalizing the obsolete industrial space, innovative design techniques based on adaptive reuse are applied to retrofit modern functions to create a new cultural space and preserve the historical, symbolic, and cultural importance of the abandoned industrial facilities. Design considerations based on facade redesign have proven to be one of the most adopted techniques that can help in recreating a new function for the vacant industrial buildings and integrating them into the present-day urban fabric. This paper examines the facade renovation elements used for the adaptive reuse of 15 abandoned industrial buildings presently used as multi-purpose facilities in South Korea. Through a questionnaire survey, this study analyzes the respondents' preference for different facade renovation elements in the 15 sites according to age and gender. The study found that both genders showed similar preference patterns between most elements. But on some elements, females were keener and expressed a stronger opinion than males. There were much more females than males who perceived color and material as the most important exterior elements. The findings of this study can be used for the adaptive reuse of industrial buildings according to user preferences for different facade renovation elements.

Similar image retrieval involves identifying and ranking images from a database based on visual attributes such as color, texture, and shape, with the goal of finding those most closely matching a given query image. This task requires precise analysis of image content to achieve accurate results. In this study, we propose an approach that incorporates structural information derived from an image segmentation model. This structural information highlights image characteristics, such as object shapes and their backgrounds, which are not fully captured by traditional dense global descriptors. By combining this structural information with global descriptors, our method captures both detailed shapes and broader image features in a user-controllable manner. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this integration approach in improving the performance of similarity search tasks.

The main factors that made Seoul's rapid population accommodation and urbanization possible in the mid-to-late 20th century were the ex-pansion of urban infrastructure, completion of the transportation system, and housing supply. The development of transportation and resi-dential development occurred simultaneously, and in particular, apartment complexes, a representative residential area in Seoul, were most influenced by Perry's neighborhood unit theory. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of the physical environment of apartment complexes in the metropolitan area in response to development of transportation in the mid-to-late 20th century. The analysis sites are Jamsil Apartment Complex(1974), Dunchon Apartment Complex(1979), Mok-dong New Town(1983), Sanggye New Town(1985), Bundang New-town(1990) and Ilsan Newtown(1990), which were planned at the turning point of development of transportation and actively reflect the neigh-borhood unit theory. The analysis was conducted in three stages. Analyzing the status of transportation when the plan was established, deriv-ing the planning elements, and classifying the planning elements into walking, bus, car, and subway which is the representative transportation. The conclusions from the analysis are as follows. Firstly, completing the legal system and expanding the related infrastructure are essential. Secondly, in contrast to the increase in traffic volume, the pedestrian environment has been continuously improved. Thirdly, despite the emergence of new mode of transportation, there was a tendency to activate the linkage between transportation.

Concentrations of ambient air particles such as total suspended particulates (TSP), particulate matter $(PM)_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$, were monitored simultaneously from May to June, 2007, at four locations at Alashan and Beijing in China, and Seoul and Gosan in South Korea. These monitoring sites are in the pathway of Asian dust (AD) storms traveling from China to the Korean peninsula. An AD event was observed in the Korean peninsula on May 25-26. During the sampling period, the average concentrations of TSP and PM10 were each higher than $150\;{\mu}g/m^3$ in Alashan and Beijing, but not in Seoul and Gosan. The concentration of TSP in Alashan (where the dust storm originated) on the day of the AD event reached $1824.7\;{\mu}g/m^3$, this being the highest concentration of air particles observed during the sampling period. The level was decreased to 15% of this ($274.7\;{\mu}g/m^3$) in Seoul and to 8.7% ($159.0\;{\mu}g/m^3$) in Gosan when the AD was observed two days later in Korea. Gosan, a representative background site in East Asia, displayed the lowest concentration of particles, with this maximal TSP concentration of $159\;{\mu}g/m^3$. Inorganic element contents in the air particles were also measured, and the concentrations in the four different regions compared. Concentrations of anthropogenically-enriched heavy metals in $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$, such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury, were higher in the metropolitan cities of Beijing and Seoul compared to non-industrialized regions of Alashan and Gosan. However, the concentrations of inorganic soil elements including iron, magnesium, aluminum sodium, and manganese, were higher in Alashan compared to those in other sampling sites.

Boiled feed is obtained by mixing and boiling agricultural by-products such as rice straw, rice bran, and bean curd with grains. The study explored the change in fatty acid, free amino acid, nucleotide, mineral, cholesterol, myoglobin and collagen of longissimus dorsi muscle in Hanwoo steers fed with boiled feed. Forty steers, 20 heads per group, were divided into two groups: a control group and a boiled feed group. The steers were raised for 10 months. The boiled feed group was enriched with palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid and unsaturated fatty acids compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in amino acid and nucleic acid composition between the two groups. The boiled feed group contained higher levels of iron and manganese in the boiled feed group compared with the control group. The total cholesterol level was significantly increased, whereas calorie levels, myoglobin and collagen composition showed no differences. As the supply of boiled feed increases the content of fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and minerals related to flavor, it should be a feed that leads to the production of high-quality beef.

The present paper presents an array antenna of a microstrip patch for 5G applications. Four rectangular microstrip patch elements are arranged in parallel and series to form an array antenna. Two insets are made on both sides of each patch element to achieve a wide frequency bandwidth of 23.97-31.60 GHz. To attain a high gain and wider bandwidth, the microstrip patch antenna is fed using series and corporate feeding networks. Further, three director elements on top of the top-most patch elements, and one reflector element at the open end of each patch element, are added. The addition of the Yagi elements improved the overall gain and acquired a higher radiation efficiency throughout the operating frequency bandwidth, with the array antenna achieving a maximum peak gain of 8.7 dB. The proposed antenna is built on a low-loss and low-cost substrate of FR4-eproxy. The proposed antenna design with a simple structure is suitable for Internet of Things and 5G applications.

It is necessary to improve the performance of buildings with respect to the energy efficiency while improving the quality of occupants' lives through a sustainable built environment. During the design and development process, building projects must have a comprehensive, integrated perspective that seeks to reduce heating, cooling and lighting loads through climate-responsive designs. The aim of this study is to find an optimal thermal transmittance (U-values) for building envelope elements for low energy multi-rise residential buildings in the early design phase in Korea. The study found that using small U-values of $0.15w/m^2K$ for exterior walls, ceilings and floors and $1.0w/m^2K$ for south and north facing windows has resulted in energy reduction of 22.1%-59.4% in the south facing rooms and 43%-77.6% of the north facing rooms. It has also found the energy load reduction potential of using small U-values are higher on the north facing rooms. The findings of this study can be suggested to be used as a baseline case for low energy consumption studies. It can also be used to determine appropriate envelope materials and insulation values.

In this paper, to improve the accuracy of long sentence similarity calculation, we proposed a sentence similarity calculation method based on a system similarity function. The algorithm uses word2vector as the system elements to calculate the sentence similarity. The higher accuracy of our algorithm is derived from two characteristics: one is the negative effect of penalty item, and the other is that sentence similar function (SSF) based on word2vector similar elements doesn't satisfy the exchange rule. In later studies, we found the time complexity of our algorithm depends on the process of calculating similar elements, so we build an index of potentially similar elements when training the word vector process. Finally, the experimental results show that our algorithm has higher accuracy than the word mover's distance (WMD), and has the least query time of three calculation methods of SSF.

This paper is an inquiry into the human sensibility on view from high-rise housing in a viewpoint of architectural environment design that pay attention to multi-family high-rise housing which is becomes a trend in recent years. And this paper is the fundamental approach for applying this result to later architectural environmental plan of multi-family high-rise housing. In this paper, we used repertory grid method as a cognitive psychological way of analysis and eye mark recorder measurement experiments as a physiological way of examination. In the conclusions, examined human sensibilities on views-focused on the analysis result of eye mark recorder measurement experiments through repertory grid method that are carried on the main subject-and described problems after this and possibilities in the same time.