Earticle

21세기 정보화 시대를 맞아 산업이 급성장 하면서 한편에서는 노령화, 가정해체와 빈곤, 실업문제 등 경제적 불균형으로 인한 크고 작은 범죄들이 증가하고 있다. 또한 그 수준은 점점 지능화 내지 흉포화 되어가 우리사회를 어둡게 하고 있는 실정이다. 정부에서는 많은 재정을 투자하여 범죄 감소를 위한 여러 방면의 노력을 기울이고 있으며, 교정시설에서도 수형자를 격리 수용하여 건전한 시민의 일원으로 다시 사회에 복귀할 수 있도록 교정교화에 많은 힘을 쏟고 있다. 하지만 그와 같은 노력에도 불구하고 출소자들의 재범률은 여전히 높고 범죄 또한 줄어들지 않고 있다. 현재 우리나라에서는 교도소에 수용된 수형자들을 위한 여러 가지 교정교화프로그램이 실시되고 있다. 그 중에는 출소 후 사회복귀를 돕는 교과교육, 재소자 생활지도교육, 인성교육, 직업훈련교육, 종교교화 활동, 상담 등이 있으며 재소자들에게는 이미 많은 도움을 주고 있다. 하지만 교도소의 수감자들은 수용되는 순간부터 인간의 많은 자유로움이 박탈되기 때문에, 이러한 자유가 제한된 환경에서 장기간 생활하는 그들은 정서적 불안과 우울, 분노, 피해의식 등의 여러 가지 정신적 어려움 등을 겪게 된다. 또한 그로 인해 생기는 정서적인 장애는 육체적ㆍ정신적으로 병약하게 하여 교도소 내에서 발생될 수 있는 교도소 정신병으로까지 이어질 수도 있다. 그러므로 일반사회와는 격리된 폐쇄된 환경에서 생활하는 수형자들의 억압된 심리적 문제들을 완화시키고 부정적인 사고들을 긍정적으로 전환시킬 수 있는 효과적인 예방적 차원의 치료프로그램 실시가 무엇보다 중요하다고 생각한다. 그런 차원에서 볼 때 미술치료는 정서적으로 불안정한 재소자들의 심리적 안정을 돕고 건강한 가치관을 갖는 데 많은 도움을 줄 수 있는 효과적인 예술치료 중의 한 분야이다. 그러나 현재 우리나라에서 교도소에 수용된 수형자들을 대상으로 실시되고 있는 미술치료는 일부에서만 한정적으로 시행되고 있으며, 그 효과와 필요성에 대해서도 알려져 있지 않고 연구 또한 활발히 이루어지고 있지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 그 동안 교도소에서 실시해온 집단미술치료 현장 사례를 중심으로 그 효능성을 제시하여 교정교화 치료프로그램에서 미술치료의 역할구축과, 실제 교정현장에서 미술치료의 활용도를 더욱 넓혀나갈 수 있도록 하는데 본 연구의 의의가 있다.

While we're making a tremendous progress in this society of information and technology, we're also facing the issues and problems of the increase of crime rate instigated by financial difficulties, which have been also accompanied by the destruction of ecosystem, environmental issues, aging of population, dissolution of family, and lay-outs or unemployment. Now, what we are more concerned about is that crime is getting more violent, brutal and atrocious, and eventually casting its shadow and hurts deeply upon the social sectors in general than ever. Accordingly, it cannot be more appropriate than ever to consider how we should make this society a better and safer place to live in by reducing the felonies, the crime rate and managing edification programs with those who committed or would commit a second offense. Each administration has been showing to its own interest by investing its resources and man power to decrease the crime rate and to build up more effective edification programs for the convicted. And yet, the crime rate is still heading upwards, and the brutality and ferocity in crime is seemingly more intensified. In Korea, there are a variety of programs carried out by many professionals and volunteers within the prison, including adaptation programs, job training programs, counseling programs, religious activities, rituals, and so forth, and these programs are virtually working for those who are motivated enough to get back to their life as a member of society. For the prisoners whose freedom is physically limited and segregated from all social activities, they are dealing themselves with many emotional and psychological problems of depression, anxiety, anger and a sense of being persecuted or victimized. In dealing with one or more of these issues, some of them are so stressed out and even affected by mental diseases. To have them encouraged to participate in those programs sponsored by either the government or private institutions or organizations, they need some professional assistance to release them from those emotional strains and psychological issues. They need some programs designed to see themselves in a positive way and readjust their attitudes so as to hold on to the hope of getting a new life out of the prison. In this regard, the art therapy is a most effective way to satisfy the necessity of providing a program to help them with their mental and psychological strength. It has proved to be of great help to them to regain the peace of mind and motivate them to rebuild their value system. It is not well known to manage the art therapy effectively as an edification program, because it is carried out in prison only in a few areas and there are not many professional art therapists who are interested or involved yet. Therefore, this study will show the effectiveness of the art therapy based upon the data and research on the cases conducted upon the convicted. Also it will provide a variety of resources to develop a more systematic, refined program on the basis of the approaches of the art therapy for the edification of the convicted within a limited secluded setting of prison.

최근 스토킹이 강력 범죄로 이어진 사건들이 여러 차례 발생함에 따라 스토킹 범죄의 심각성과 위험성에 대한 사회적 우려가 증가하고 있다. 기존에 경범죄로 분류되던 스토킹을 범죄행위로 간주하고 처벌이 가능해졌으나 여전히 피해자에 대한 보호조치가 미흡하다는 한계점이 있다. 이러한 한계점으로 스토킹 범죄는 가해자에 대한 개입 강화의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 현재 6개의 시·도경찰청에서 가해자에 대한 교정 및 상담프로그램을 운영하고 있으나 법제화를 위해서는 효과성에 대한 실증적인 분석이 필요하다. 따라서 이 연구는 제주청에서 시범 운영한 「찾아가는 가해자 교화프로그램」의 프로그램의 효과성 분석을 위해 사전 및 사후 점수 비교, 혼합설계 분산분석, 대응표본 t-검정을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 사전 및 사후 점수의 평균과 표준편차에서는 긍정적 자아상, 결혼 생활에 대한 전체 점수가 증가했으며, 부정적 심리상태, 폭력, 분노, 가부장적 인식, 배우자와의 긍정적 의사소통, 배우자와의 부정적 의사소통, 부부 갈등에 대한 전체 점수가 감소하였다. 혼합설계 분산분석 결과, 측정 시점과 범죄 유형간 상호작용 효과가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 대응표본 t-검정 결과, 가해자들의 긍정적 자아상 및 결혼 생활 수준이 통계적으로 유의미한 증가로 이어졌으며, 부정적 지표들의 유의미한 감소를 확인하였다. 이러한 스토킹 가해자에 대한 교정·상담 프로그램의 효과성을 통해 참가자들의 심리적, 관계적 측면에서의 긍정적인 변화를 촉진할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Recently, as several incidents have occurred where stalking has led to violent crimes, social concerns about the seriousness and risk of stalking crimes are increasing. Stalking, which was previously classified as a misdemeanor crime, was regarded as a criminal act and punishment became possible, but there is still a limitation in that protective measures for victims are insufficient. Due to these limitations, the need to strengthen intervention in stalking crimes is emerging. Currently, six metropolitan and provincial police agencies operate correction and counseling programs for perpetrators, but empirical analysis of the effectiveness is required for legalization. Therefore, this study conducted pre- and post-score comparison, mixed design variance analysis, and response sample t-test to analyze the effectiveness of the program of the 「Visiting Offender Edification Program」 piloted by Jeju Office. As a result of the study, in the average and standard deviation of the pre- and post-scores, the overall score for positive self-image and marriage increased, and the overall score for negative psychological state, violence, anger, patriarchal perception, positive communication with spouse, negative communication with spouse, and marital conflict decreased. As a result of the mixed design variance analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in the effect of interaction between the measurement time and the crime type. As a result of the paired sample t-test, the positive self-image and marital level of the perpetrators led to a statistically significant increase, and a significant decrease in negative indicators was confirmed. It was confirmed that positive changes in the psychological and relational aspects of the participants could be promoted through the effectiveness of the correction and counseling program for these stalking perpetrators.

본 연구는 유아의 지역사회 시민의식 함양을 위한 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하여, 유아의 사회적 능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 지역사회와 시민의식 관련 문헌과 제 6차 유치원 교육과정의 목표와 내용 분석하였으며, 유아교육기관 교사를 대상으로 실태조사 과정을 거쳐 프로그램을 구성하였다. 다음으로 구성된 프로그램의 효과를 알아보기 위해 유치원의 만 5세 유아를 대상으로 프로그램을 적용하여 유아의 사회적 능력에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 유아의 지역사회 시민의식 함양 프로그램은 유아의 사회적 능력에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this research is to construct young children’s community civic consciousness edification program, apply it to the classroom, then recognize how it affects young children’s social competence. We have constructed the program through a preparatory stage and a demand analysis stage. At the preparatory stage, we have considered relative literature to verify the necessity of the research, and with this, the content elements and teaching-learning methods have been selected. Then we have carried out research on the actual conditions for development of the program in the demand analysis stage, and have confirmed the demands and expectations of the program through interviews with the teachers. Finally, in the organization stage, we have constructed the program content system, and developed specific activities. Also, in order to verify the constructed program, we have constructed the final program through content analysis and its validity process by specialists. Through these three stages, we have presented a model by presenting objects and goals, content, teaching-studying methods and valuations. Social competence inspection, which is based on the social adoption activity development inspection method developed for the real situations of our country by Lee Young Ja, Lee Jong Suk, and Yang Ok Seung (1988), were carried out after the amendment and complement process on 44 infants (23 infants in the experiment group, and 21 infants in the comparison group) from 2 classes for 5 year olds, from K-kindergarten and S-kindergarten which are located in Dongjak-gu, Seoul. The comparison group was inspected with a program which reconstructed the subject of ordinarily performing program to suit K-kindergarten, and the experiment group was executed with community civic consciousness edification program. After the end of the program, we have executed the after the fact inspection on the experiment group and the comparison group, which is the same method of the preliminary inspection. Also, in order to recognize effectiveness of the program for young children’s community civic consciousness edification, social competence inspection have executed on the group of experiment and the group of comparison by instructor rating method. Collected data arranged statistically using Windows application SPSS 10.0. The public variate analysis have executed with the preliminary inspection as a fluent. This research verified that community civic consciousness edification program which is composed in the research can improve young children’s social competence.

Currently, Korea has entered an aging society where the population of young people is decreasing due to low birth rates, and more than 7% of the population aged 65 or older accounts for the total population. Young children and adolescents whose population is decreasing are precious members of our society. And while most of these children and teenagers are healthy, there are also delinquent youths who commit crimes by deviating from some. However, they are also adults who will belong to our society in the future. Therefore, our society should operate a system to prevent crimes against these delinquent youths and prevent recidivism by edifying and leading juvenile offenders who have already committed crimes. In addition, it is more important to rejoin the affiliation as a member of society with appropriate initiatives than to punish juvenile offenders who have already committed crimes. This is because they are still immature, incomplete, and transitional people who are becoming adults, and must be properly taught through appropriate guidance to join as members of society. On the other hand, the purpose and reason for enacting the Juvenile Act is to treat teenagers who are physically or mentally immature differently from adults. Therefore, the state recognizes juvenile crimes as misconduct or wrongdoing by lowering the level and punishes them differently from adults. This is for the purpose of the state to re-engage as a healthy member of society by edifying and leading the youth to quickly acknowledge and reflect on their mistakes rather than punishment based on the basic idea of national friendship of youth. If so, it is questionable whether Korea currently operates various and appropriate programs to educate and lead juvenile offenders to return them to school and prevent recidivism. In this respect, the state should secure sufficient budget for this sector and operate effective programs in cooperation with the professional private sector. Among the edification and leading programs to prevent the recurrence of juvenile offenders, the self-directed walking tour leading program will be one of his options.