Earticle

본 연구는 구조형 벡터 자기회귀 모형(SVAR: Structural VAR)을 이용하여 시장 및 개별 주식형 펀 드 정보의 동태적 관계를 검증하였다. 구조형 벡터 자기회귀 모형의 식별 문제를 기존 연구에 근거하여 제약한 이후, 시장 변동성, 시장 수익률, 펀드 수익률, 펀드 현금흐름의 관계를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같 다. 첫째, 4 변수 간의 관계에서 동시적인 효과가 중요하게 작용하였는데, 시장 변동성은 시장 수익률과 펀드 수익률에 동시적으로 음(-)의 영향을 보였으며, 시장 수익률은 펀드 수익률에 양(+)의 영향, 펀드 현금흐름에 음(-)의 영향으로 유의적인 효과가 있음을 보였다. 둘째, 펀드 수익률과 펀드 현금흐름 관계 에서는 개별 펀드별로 동시적인 효과가 달라짐을 확인하였다. 셋째, 분산 분해를 통해 펀드 현금흐름을 설명하는 변수가 일반 주식형 펀드와 KOSPI200 인덱스형 펀드에서 차이가 있음을 보여 주었는데, KOSPI200 인덱스형 펀드는 펀드 수익률이 펀드 현금흐름을 설명하는 주요 변수임을 알 수 있었다. 넷 째, 가설 검증을 통해 4 변수 간 동시적 관계가 매우 중요하게 작용하고, 시차 효과는 거의 없음을 보여 동시적인 효과를 고려한 구조형 벡터 자기회귀 모형이 변수 간 관계를 설명하는데 적절함을 확인하였 다. 본 연구는 기존 연구에서 나아가 시장 및 펀드 정보를 모두 포함하는 4 변수 구조형 벡터 자기회귀 모형을 이용하여 동태적 관계를 분석하였고, 과도 식별에 의한 가설 검증으로 변수간 동시적 관계의 중 요성을 확인하였다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

Using a structural vector auto-regression (SVAR) model, this study examines the dynamic relationships among market volatility, market return, fund return, and fund cash flow on the individual fund level. The major empirical findings are as follows: First, contemporaneous effects among endogenous variables are very important for explaining the dynamic behavior of each endogenous variable. In the concurrent month, market volatility has statistically significant negative effects on both market return and fund return while merket return generally has a negative effect on fund cash flow. Second, the directions of the relationships between fund return and fund cash flow are not determinate in sign. Third, variance decomposition shows that fund return is most important for explaining fund cash flow in KOSPI200 index funds, not in aggressive equity funds. Finally, hypothesis tests by over-identification re-confirm the appropriateness of the SVAR to explain the dynamic relationships among market volatility, market return, fund return, and fund cash flow. This study contributes to the extant literature in the sense that the findings stress the importance of concurrent relationships.

Objective: There are many cases of applying various taping methods to prevent muscle damage and to assist with movement. The purpose of this study was to investigate and to compare the effects of dynamic taping on joint position sense and to find out the difference in error values during various degrees of shoulder flexion. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 20 subjects participated in this study with a randomized cross-over design. The order of taping was adjusted by randomly proceeding with dynamic taping, sham taping, and no taping. After the taping, the proprioception of the shoulder joint was evaluated. The evaluation of proprioceptive sensation was performed by evaluating joint position sensation. The sequence was adjusted by randomly performing joint position tests at each shoulder flexion of 50, 90, and 110 degrees. All angles were repeated 3 times. Results: There was a significant difference between dynamic taping and no taping in 50 degrees of shoulder flexion. There was a significant difference between sham taping and no taping in 90 degrees of shoulder flexion (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in 110 degrees of shoulder flexion. Conclusions: In this study, it was confirmed that dynamic taping is effective in improving the joint position sense in 50 degrees of shoulder flexion. In the future, it is expected that further studies will be conducted on patients with shoulder dysfunction with decreased proprioception.

Objective: Myofascial release (MFR) is used to restore tissue extensibility of the fascia tissue and is considered to be useful in a number of clinical settings, such as low back pain (LBP). Dynamic myofascial release (DMFR) is the manual therapy, which combined the conventional MFR with the joint mobilization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the DMFR on trunk mobility, and furthermore, whether the increase of trunk mobility can carry over the improvement of dynamic standing balance in persons with chronic nonspecific LBP. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty persons with chronic non-specific LBP participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the DMFR group (n=15) or the control group (n=15). DMFR was performed for two sessions (15 minutes/session) per week for four weeks for the treatment group. Both the DMFR and control groups were allowed to perform low-intensity physical activities during the treatment period. The Modified-modified $Sch{\ddot{o}}ber$ test (MMST) for trunk mobility and the Functional Reach Test (FRT) for dynamic standing balance were measured before and after the treatment period in both the DMFR group and the control group. Results: The MMST value of DMFR group increased significantly in all trunk range of motion (flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation) after treatment, compared with the control group (p<0.05). Additionally, the FRT value of the DMFR group improved significantly after treatment, compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: We suggest that DMFR have a positive effect on trunk mobility and standing balance in persons with chronic LBP.

Objective To determine the effects of dynamic ankle foot orthosis (AFO) on balance control by comparing it with conventional plastic AFO and barefoot conditions in hemiparetic patients. Method Fifteen hemiparetic patients with brain lesions were recruited for this study. All subjects were capable of standing up independently and had a modified Ashworth score of less than two. The postural control capabilities of the subjects were assessed using the timed up and go (TUG) test, and Tetraxⓡ tetra-ataxiametric posturography. The stability index, weight distribution index, and synchronization index were measured at six different head positions with dynamic AFO, conventional AFO and under barefoot conditions. Results There were nine males and six females, whose average age was 45.1 years. There was a significantly even weight distribution for the dynamic AFO and conventional AFO conditions relative to the barefoot condition in neutral, right-sided head, and left-sided head with eyes closed (p<0.05). And there was significantly increased stability in left sided-head, neck flexed positions with eyes closed for dynamic AFO and conventional AFO (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in weight distribution or stability between dynamic and conventional AFO conditions, except the stability in right-sided head position with eyes closed. Conclusion In this study, the balance control of hemiparetic patients with dynamic AFO was better than in the barefoot condition, and was similar to conventional AFO. Therefore, we suggest that dynamic AFO may be a useful orthosis for hemiparetic patients with mild to moderate spasticity with poor balance control and foot drop.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of walking on a treadmill while using dynamic functional electrical stimulation (Dynamic FES) on functional ability and gait in chronic stroke patients. This was a prospective, randomized controlled study. Twelve patients with chronic stroke (>24 months) who were under grade 3 in dorsiflexor strength with manual muscle test were included and randomized into intervention (Dynamic FES) ($n_1$=7) and control (FES) ($n_2$=5). Both the Dynamic FES group and FES group were given a neuromuscular development treatment. The Dynamic FES group has implemented a total of 60 minutes of exercise treatment and gait training with Dynamic FES application. The FES group, with the addition of applying FES while sitting, has also implemented a total of 90 minutes of gait training on treadmill after the exercise treatment. Both two groups accomplished the program, twice a week, for a total of 24 times in a 12-week period. Exercise treatment, gait training on treadmill, and both Dynamic FES and FES were implemented for 30 minutes each. Korean version activities-specific balance confidence scale (K-ABC) was measured to determine self-efficacy in balance function. Timed up and go (TUG) test was performed to evaluate the physical performance. K-ABC, TUG, Berg balance scale (BBS), modified physical performance test (mPPT) and G-walk were evaluated at baseline and at 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, statistically significant differences (p<.05) were apparent in the Dynamic FES group in the changes in K-ABC and BBS. mPPT, TUG, gait speed, stride length and stance phase duration (%) were compared with the FES group. K-ABC had higher correlation to BBS, along with mPPT to TUG. Our results suggest that walking with Dynamic FES in chronic stroke patients may be beneficial for improving their balance confidence, functional ability and gait.

Purpose: This study aims to measure the improvement of balanced ability and rapid response of 30 healthy adults by performing dynamic stretching, static stretching, and sargent jump. Methods: The sample 30 peoples without any musculoskeletal disease who volunteered to be the subject of the study. We measured all subjects on following metrics to evaluate the function and stability under the normal condition, with dynamic stretching (DS) group, static stretching (SS) group: vertical jump height and reaching distance Anterior, Posteromedial, Posterolateral and NO (Normal eye open), NC (Normal eye close), PO (Pillow with eye open), and PC (Pillow with close eye) were evaluated. All measures were analyzed using independent t-test and One-way repeated Anova. Results: There was a significant increase in SJH (Sargent jump) in both groups (p<0.05). In Y-balance test, there was a significant increase in both groups except for the ANT (Anterior) direction, and there was a significant increase only in the SS group in the ANT (Anterior) direction (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the DS group and the SS group (p>0.05). There was no significant improvement in ST (Stability Index) and WDI (Weight Distribution Index) in both groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both DS and SS showed significant improvement in SJH and Y-balance tests, which are dynamic functions, but had no significant effect on static balance ability.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to suggest the basic materials for proposing effective and efficient methods when stretching by measuring isokinetic muscular strength according to static, dynamic and PNF stretching. Methods: This study was conducted on 45 healthy persons (male and female) in their twenties who are attending universities. The subjects are randomly divided into three (3) groups, and static stretching is applied in group 1, dynamic stretching is applied in group 2 and PNF stretching is applied in group 3. After carrying out static, dynamic and PNF stretching, peak torque was measured using isokinetic muscular strength measurement. Results: According to the results, at $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec isokinetic peak torque of the knee joint according to types of stretching, the largest changes were shown in Group 2 extension and flexion, and the least changes were shown in Group 1. There were significant differences among the three groups (p<0.05), and the result of after-analysis by LSD showed that there were significant differences between Groups 1 and 2, and Groups 1 and 3 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The intention of this study was to determine the peak torque using Cybex after applying three stretching methods to hamstring muscles, and the case of dynamic and PNF stretching was found to be more significant in both the $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec angular speeds than that of static stretching. Using the results of such studies, if dynamic and PNF stretching are applied together with warming-up before performing sports, the risk of suffering wounds would reduce and the exactness of sports would increase.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of modified dynamic metacarpophalangeal joint flexion orthoses for treatment of post-burn hand contractures. Method We enrolled 42 hand burn patients with limited range of motion at the metacarpophalangeal joints in this study. The patients were randomly assigned into either a control or an orthotic group. Both groups received the standard rehabilitation therapy focused on hand therapy; 21 subjects in the orthotic group wore a splint for 3 hours per day for 8 weeks. Hand function was measured by active range of motion, grip strength and other assessment tools. All parameters were estimated using the Mann-Whitney U test at the beginning and the end of the treatment after 8 weeks. Results The 21 subjects that had an orthotic intervention showed signifi cant improvement in the range of motion at 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpophalangeal joints (p<0.05). However, the grip strength was not significantly increased after the 8 weeks of treatment compared to control group (p>0.05). There was a signifi cant difference in the hand function scales between the 2 groups (p<0.05). Conclusion The modified dynamic metacarpophalangeal joint flexion orthoses provide continuous flexion to metacarpophalangeal joint that is needed for the restoration of range of motion in post-burn hand contractures. For the clinical application of hand orthoses in patients with hand disorders, additional research into its aff ects are required.

Background: Flat-footed persons with collapsed medial longitudinal arch lose flexibility after skeletal maturity, resulting in several deformities and soft tissue injuries. Although arch support taping is usually applied in the clinic to support the collapsed arch, research on the use of different types of tape for more efficient arch support in flat-footed persons is lacking. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine three conditions (barefoot, kinesio tape, and dynamic tape) and compare their effects on static and dynamic balance in persons with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot. Methods: Twenty-two subjects (9 females and 13 males) with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot participated in this study. The subjects performed the Y-balance test to measure the composite reach score. The subjects also performed a 30-second standing test to measure the center of pressure (COP) path length and a walking test to measure anteroposterior and lateral variability using the Zebris FDM system. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance compared the three conditions applied to the subjects' feet for each balance variable. Results: The composite reach score significantly increased following the application of dynamic tape compared with barefoot and that of kinesio tape compared with barefoot. There was no significant difference in the COP path length during standing among the three conditions. Anteroposterior and lateral variability during walking significantly with dynamic tape application compared with barefoot. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that, in persons with asymptomatic flexible flatfoot, application of kinesio tape and dynamic tape may be effective in increasing the composite reach score in Y-balance test, whereas application of dynamic tape may be effective in reducing anteroposterior and lateral variability during walking.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of the fascial distortion model and dynamic taping for wrist extensor on the range of motion and proprioception. Methods: The subjects were 36 subjects (male 24, female 12) who performed wrist extension under four conditions. The range of motion and proprioception of the wrist extensor were measured using a motion biofeedback device. One group applied the fascial distortion model to the wrist extensor, while the other group applied dynamic taping to the wrist extensor. The range of motion and proprioception were measured before and after applying the fascial distortion model and dynamic taping to the wrist extensor. For statistical data analysis, a paired t-test was used before and after the intervention, and an independent t-test was used for comparison between the groups, and the criterion for statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Both interventions were significant within the group, and the comparison between groups showed a significant difference in the range of motion and proprioceptive sensation (p<0.05). Conclusion: The fascial distortion model and dynamic taping effectively increased the wrist extensor function, and the fascial distortion model was more effective in enhancing the range of motion and proprioception. Hence, the fascial distortion model and dynamic taping application can help improve the function of people who have problems with extensor wrist muscles.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the lasting effects of the flossing band technique, dynamic and static stretching on hamstring on range of motion (ROM), muscle activity, and proprioception to identify the most effective pre-exercise method for preventing injuries. Methods: Thirty participants were randomly assigned to the flossing band (FB), dynamic stretching (DS), and static stretching (SS) groups, with 10 subjects in each. Measurements included muscle activity of the biceps femoris vis surface electromyography, knee ROM and proprioception during active knee extension and flexion using a smart joint goniometer. Assessments were conducted before, immediately after, 15, and 30 minutes after each intervention. Results: Proprioception showed no significant differences among groups at any time point. Significant differences in knee ROM were observed in the FB group (except between 15 and 30 minutes after), DS group (except between immediately after and 15 minutes after, and between 15 and 30 minutes after), and SS group (except between before and 15 minutes after, and between before and 30 minutes after). Muscle activity in the FB (except between before and 30 minutes after, and between 15 and 30 minutes after) and SS (between before and immediately after, between immediately after and 30 minutes after, and between 15 and 30 minutes after) groups showed significant differences, while the DS group exhibited no significant changes. Conclusion: Although direct comparisons did not establish superiority, within-group analyses indicated that the flossing band technique exhibited longer-lasting effects than dynamic and static stretching, providing valuable insights for injury prevention program design.

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of knee malalignment including genu varum, valgum, and recurvatum on static and dynamic postural stability. Methods: A total of 80 subjects were enrolled in this study. Subjects who showed over 3 cm in the distance between the knees were classified as the genu varum group, and subjects who showed over 3 cm in the distance between the ankles were classified as the genu valgum group. Subjects who showed over 1 cm in the distance between the patella and a table in prone position were classified as the genu recurvatum group. Static and dynamic stability were measured as overall, anterioposterior, and mediolateral balance index using a Biodex Balance System. Results: This study showed that knee alignment affected static and dynamic postural stability. In particular, there were significant differences in the mediolateral stability index among genu varum, valgum group, and the other groups, but no differences in overall and anteriolateral stability index. Significant differences in the anterioposterior stability index were observed between genu recurvatum and the other groups, however, there were no differences in overall and mediolateral stability index. Conclusion: The findings were that knee malalignment affects postural stability toward a specific direction. Treatment to improve postural stability for treatment of knee malalignment or to prevent falling or injuries is needed and postural stability toward a specific direction according to the knee alignment conditions should be considered.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of treadmill gait trainig on dynamic balance and gait functions in stroke patients. Design: Randomized, double-blind, controlled pilot study. Methods: Four subjects following first stroke participated in this study. They were divided randomly into the treadmill gait trainig group (TM group) (n=2) and the control group (n=2). Subjects in both groups received general training five times per week. Subjects in the TM group practiced an additional treadmill gait trainig program that consisted of 60 minutes, three times per week, during a period of four weeks. Timed up and go test (dynamic balance) and the GAITRite test (gait function) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: In dynamic balance (timed up and go test), the TM group (-14.235 sec) showed a greater decrease than the control group (-13.585 sec). In gait functions, the TM group showed a greater increase in gait speed (12.8 cm/s vs. 10.15 cm/s), step-length (5.825 cm vs. 3.735 cm), and stride-length (5.005 cm vs. 1.55 cm) than the control group. Conclusions: The treadmill gait trainig improved dynamic balance and gait functions. Further research is needed in order to confirm the generalization of these findings and to identify which stroke patients might benefit from treadmill gait trainig.

The effects of a double crack and tip masses on the dynamic behavior of cantilever beams with a moving mass are studied using numerical methods. The cantilever beams are modeled by applying Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The cracked sections are represented by a local flexibility matrix connecting three undamaged beam segments. The influences of the crack, moving mass, and tip mass, and the coupling of these factors on the vibration mode and the frequencies of the double-cracked cantilever beams are determined analytically. The methodology provides a basis for analyzing the dynamic behavior of a beam with an arbitrary number of cracks and a moving mass.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of neck muscle tone on the dynamic and static balance of the lower limbs in healthy participants. METHODS: In this study, 30 healthy participants and four sets of neck muscle tone tests with different weights (0, 1, 2, and 3 kg) were conducted. In the test, a strap tied to the head was connected with a weight-bearing device to apply a constant impedance to the neck, and the trunk of the subject was fixed during the experiment to ensure that the neck was weight-bearing. At the end of each test, the dynamic and static balance function, sternocleidomastoid muscle tension and upper trapezius muscle tension were measured. The dynamic and static balance, sternocleidomastoid muscle tone, and upper trapezius muscle tone were measured at the end of each test. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference observed in the sternocleidomastoid muscle tone (p = .059), but a statistically significant increase was observed in the upper trapezius muscle tone(p = .018^*). Simultaneously, both static balance (anterior reach, p < .001^***) and dynamic (moving area with eyes open, p < .001^***; moving area with eyes closed, p < .001^***; average speed with eyes open, p = .013^*) balance showed varying degrees of decline. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that the increase in neck muscle tone increases the swing of dynamic balance and static balance in healthy people, and muscle tone was significantly correlated with dynamic balance. In healthy individuals, relieving neck muscle tone is helpful for dynamic and static balance.

Purpose: Variables, such as torque and power, have been measured to evaluate the muscle function. This study examined the effects of a warm-up protocol, including dynamic stretching (DS), on the explosive strength of knee extensors, as well as torque and power. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy young adults participated in this study. Three warm-up protocols, including DS of knee extensors, were used as interventions: (1) DS, (2) DS combined with antagonist muscle static stretching (AMSS), and (3) DS combined with repetitive passive movements (RPM). The outcome measures were the following variables of the knee extensors evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer: rate of torque and velocity development (RTD and RVD), isometric and isokinetic peak torque (PT), and average power (AP). Results: The results of the two-way (warm-up and time) repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a main effect of time for isometric PT (p=0.001). Post-hoc analysis revealed a significant increase in isometric PT in the post-test compared to the pre-test regarding the DSAMSS (p=0.001) and DS-RPM (p=0.047) warm-up protocols. Conclusion: The three warm-up protocols (DS, DS-AMSS, and DS-RPM) do not appear to influence explosive strength and isokinetic strength at a rapid angular velocity. Considering the relatively high volume of DS used in this study, this may be due to the influence of muscle fatigue. These findings suggest that tailored warm-up protocols for fast muscle contraction and joint acceleration, unlike isometric PT corresponding to static contraction, may require a different approach from existing methods.

Purpose: This study examined the effects of trunk control rehabilitation robot training (TCRRT) on the dynamic balance, lower extremity strength, gait ability and pain for bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Methods: Hemiarthroplasty (n=28) patients participated in this study. The subjects were randomized into two groups: trunk control rehabilitation robot training group and control group. Results: The TCRRT group showed significantly more improvement in the MFRT, MMT, 10MWT, TUG, and VAS compared to that before intervention (p<0.05). In addition, all tests were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that TCRRT is feasible and effective for improving the dynamic balance, lower extremity strength, gait ability, and pain efficacy after bipolar hemiarthroplasty.

PURPOSE: This study examined the dynamic range of motion (ROM) of the hip, knee, and ankle joint when wearing different shoe sole lifts, as well as the limb asymmetry of the range according to the leg length discrepancy (LLD) during normal speed walking. METHODS: The participants were 40 healthy adults. A motion analysis system was used to collect kinematic ROM data. The participants had 40 markers attached to their lower extremities and were asked to walk on a 6 m walkway, under three different shoe lift conditions (without an insole, 1 cm insole, and 2 cm insole). Visual3D professional software was used to coordinate kinematic ROM data. RESULTS: Most of the ROM variables of the short limbs were similar under each insole lift condition (p>.05). In contrast, when wearing a shoe with a 2 cm insole lift, the long limbs showed significant increases in flexion and extension of the knee joint as well as; plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, pronation, eversion, and inversion of the ankle joint (p<.05). Of the shoes with the insole lifts, significant differences in all ROM variables were observed between the left and right knees, except for the knee internal rotation (p<.05). CONCLUSION: As the insole lift was increased, more ROM differences were observed between the left and right limbs, and the asymmetry of the bilateral lower limbs increased. Therefore, appropriate interventions for LLD are needed because an artificial mild LLD of less than 2.0 cm could lead to a range of musculoskeletal problems of the lower extremities, such as knee and ankle osteoarthritis.

Objective: This study aimed to identify how various applications of weight bearing on the affected side of hemiplegia patients affect the ability of balance keeping of the affected leg and the gait parameters. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Eighteen patients with hemiplegia participated in this study. There were twelve males and six females. This study investigated the effects of the single-leg stance exercise on dynamic balance, weight bearing, and gait ability compared with four conditions. Dynamic balance and weight bearing were measured using the step test (ST) of the affected side in stroke patients. In addition, gait parameters were measured using the optogait system for analysis of the spatial and temporal parameters of walking in stroke patients. Results: This study investigated the effect of the single leg stance exercise on the paralysis side. The ST showed significant findings for all conditions (p<0.05). Therefore, knee extension and flexion exercise on the affected side single-leg stance (condition 4) significantly improved dynamic balance and weight bearing on the affected side (p<0.05). In the condition of moving the knee joint in a single-leg stance was discovered that the stance phase time significantly increased more than in the condition of supporting the maximal voluntary weight on the affected side (p<0.05). Conclusions: Single-leg stance on the paralysis side with knee flexion and extension increased symmetry in weight bearing during stance phase time. This study suggests that single-leg stance exercises augments improved gait function through sufficient weight bearing in the stance phase of the affected side.

PURPOSE: Improving elderly people's balance ability through pilates which may be easily applied in ordinary life is considered an important intervention method for elderly people. Therefore, this study examines the effects of pilates training on elderly people's static and dynamic balance abilities and provides clinical data to improve this ability. METHODS: The pilates program was applied to 19 elderly subjects three times per week for 8 weeks. Their training level took into consideration their age and was set so that the rating scales of perceived exertion became 13 to 14. Prior to the initiation of the experiment, the subjects had an adaptation period in order to practice the order and motions of pilates. After the adaptation period, the subjects received training. The program was conducted three times per week, for eight weeks. Their dynamic balance ability was observed through the timed up and go (TUG) test and tandem walk test (TWT), and their static balance ability was evaluated by the center of pressure (COP) area, medial-lateral displacement, and anterior-posterior displacement. RESULTS: The results of the TUG test and TWT and evaluations of the COP area and medial-lateral displacement were significantly different after the pilates exercise program compared to those before the program began. CONCLUSION: The results show that an 8-week pilates exercise program is an effective method to increase elderly people's static and dynamic balance abilities. In addition, the application result of the pilates exercise program will provide useful information for future research on elderly people's balance ability.