Earticle

시야의 한 위치에 연이어 순간적으로 제시된 두 자극이 있을 경우 후행 자극은 선행 자극의 변별을 어렵게 만드는 역행 차폐 현상을 초래한다. 본 연구는 최근 역행 차폐 현상을 설명하기 위한 새로운 모형으로 제시된 객체-대체 가설(object-substitution hypothesis)(Enns & Di Lollo, 1997, 2000)의 타당성을 조사하기위해, 네-점(four-dot) 및 역행패턴(pattern-backward) 차폐가 세부특징 부재(feature-absent) 탐색 과제의 표적 변별에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 실험 1과 2에서는 버니어 상쇄(Vernier offset)가 부여되지 않은 표적을 탐색하는 과제와 다중 차폐(multiple masking) 패러다임을 사용하여 단일 차폐 자극으로의 공간적 주의 집중에 의한 표적 변별 오류의 발생 가능성을 최소화하였다. 그 결과, 네-점 차폐는 차폐소멸 지연시간이 늘어날수록 그리고 역행패턴 차폐는 차폐출현 지연시간이 줄어들수록 항목 개수의 증가에 따른 탐색 정확도의 감소 패턴이 더욱 두드러지게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 두 차폐가, 초점 주의가 큰 영향을 미치는 지각 후(post-perceptual) 처리 단계나 감각적(sensory) 상호작용 단계보다는, 지각적(perceptual) 처리 단계에서 표적 변별을 방해함을 의미하며 따라서, 지각적 처리 단계의 객체-대체 현상에 의해 시각 차폐가 발생할 가능성을 시사한다.

When two stimuli are briefly displayed in sequence at a location in the visual field, backward masking, in which identification of the preceeding stimulus is hindered by a subsequent mask stimulus, is induced. This study aimed to test the object-substitution hypothesis (Enns & Di Lollo, 1997, 2000) recently proposed for the mechanism of backward masking by observing the effect of four-dot and pattern-backward masking on target identification in a feature-absent search. Experiment 1 and 2 combined feature-absent search in which a target without a Vernier offset is searched after and multiple-masking paradigms to prevent immediate attention to a salient mask, and thus minimized target recognition errors by spatially focused attention onto a subsequent pop-out mask. The drop of target identification accuracy by increasing number of displayed items (setsize effect) was more evident as a mask-offset delay increases under the four-dot masking and as a mask-onset delay decreases under the pattern-backward masking respectively. The results indicate that both visual masking may occur due to object-substitution during a perceptual processing stage rather than a post-perceptual attentive or than a sensory interaction stage.

펜학습기는 교육 분야에서 주로 사용되며 급격히 성장하고 있는 기기로 종이 위에 인쇄된 미세한 도트패턴을 식별하여 코드로 변환한 후 코드와 매칭되는 음원을 실시간으로 재생한다. 입력된 도트패턴 영상을 코드로 변환하는 것이 펜학습기에서 가장 중요한 기능이므로 본 논문에서는 이 부분에 초점을 맞추어 알고리즘을 고안하였다. 해당 기 술에 대한 알고리즘은 기존에 전혀 공개된 바 없으며 본 논문은 이러한 문제를 해결하려는 최초의 공개적인 시도이다. 실제 환경에서 성능을 평가한 결과 85% 패턴 인식률을 확인하였다.

Reading Pen is used mostly in educational purpose, yet its possibility is great as an input device for various IT devices. Reading Pen recognizes tiny dot patterns printed in papers, converts the patterns to corresponding codes, and plays audio contents that match the codes. Recognizing dot patterns and converting to the codes are the main function of Reading Pens, on which we focus and propose a novel algorithm. Such technology is never open to public and this paper is the first open attempt in this area. We test the algorithm and obtain 85% recognition ratio.

It is possible to compare the Seopohang Upper Culture, the Zaisanovka Culture, the Jingu-Xingsheng Culture and the ruins in the Mudan River basin of the late neolithic era in the east northern Korea, and the range which shows common characteristic is getting wider as well. Recently, as a increase of the materials of the Zaisanovka Culture in the Maritime Province, the time range of this era gets width. It is necessary to focus on the characterist of the linner dot pattern technique that decorates potteries in the Xingsheng site in the Duman River interior, Gvozgevo-4 site in the East Sea shore and the Klerk-5 site. These potteries decorated by this technique among the potteries of the east northern Korea in the Late Neolithic Era could be classified by assemblage, and divided into three periods. This assemblage of the linner dot pattern(Jadoljemseonmun) pottery is shown only in the Doman River basin when the range of the Late Neolithic Era in the east northern Korea includes the Duman River basin, the Lake Xanka basin in the Maritime Province interior and the Mudan River basin. the complex pattern pottery appears from the second stage in this assemblage. It identifies in the Seopohang site for the first time and continues to the Gvozgevo-4 site which belong to the third stage. The punctured design around the rims of pottery that is engraved pattern appears only in the East Sea shore on the third stage. As a result, the assemblage of the linner dot pattern pottery is identified only in the Duman River basin in the east northern Korea in the Late Neolithic Era and it represents its own regional characteristics from the second stage of this assemblage.

The LGP(Light Guide Panel) for the back light unit that is used to the 2.2" TFT LCD was designed and fabricated. The method of the pattern design which is the most important in the design of the LGP was converted the V-cutting method into the Dot method. This newly developed Dot method provided a good uniformity in the brightness at the LGP, which was a very difficult problem to solove in the V-cutting method. The experiment result of the newly designed LGP shows the brightness uniformity 90% and the brightness 3656 $cd/\;m^2$ which is 20% higher than the commercial products.

일반적 칼라 출력 장치는 제한된 범위의 색만을 재현 할 수 있다. 특히 프린터와 같이 색의 재현성이 부족한 장비에서는 하드웨어 특성에 따른 채색 면적이나 인쇄에 사용되는 용지의 특성에 따라 염료의 확산 등에 대해서도 고려해야 한다. 특히, 색을 프린트하기 위해서는 출력 과정에서 색의 선형적인 증가와 감소가 이루어져야 하며 또한 정확한 색의 모델링이 가능하여야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이를 위해 프린터 출력시 실제 채색 면적과 시각적 색감을 고려할 수 있는 디더링 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 실제 채색 면적을 고려한 패턴 데이터 베이스를 만들어 이를 디더링 패턴으로 이용하게 된다. 그리고 이 데이터 베이스에서 정확한 패턴을 선택하기 위해서는 인간시각의 색 인지력을 모델링한 대조 민감도 함수를 사용하게 된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 저해상도의 칼라 출력장치에서도 고화질의 색을 재현할 수 있게 해준다.

New methods are proposed for printing a full resolution image on a limited output device. The proposed algorithm uses a dot-pattern database that models overlapping phenomena among neighbor printing dots. To solve the problem of dot-overlap, the gray levels of dot-pattern sets were calculated using a circular dot-overlap model and then measured by a spectrometer. Thereafter, in order to improve the visual quality of the color dithering, the contrast sensitivity function of the human visual system was used. As a result, the optimal dot-pattern can be selected from the database. Consequently, the proposed algorithm can produce high quality images while using low-cost color devices.

This study aims at clarifying the influence that color, tone, dot size, the combination of area ratios exercise on the harmony in dot necktie, and revealing the harmony differentiation according to the cues of various factors for pattern design. The conclusion is drawn as below, in the result that the cues which can exercise influence on the harmony of dot necktie, was analyzed by 54 stimuli. In the result of analysis of variance in order to clarify the influence which color, tone, dot size, and color area ratio exercise on dot necktie harmony, color and dot size operate appeared to be independent cues which exercise significant influence with main effect. In the result of the harmony difference analysis on color, tone, dot size, and color area ratio combination by multiple comparison, the cyan color in vivid tone was estimated to be most inharmonious in the analysis by color and tone. Viewing the harmony difference according to color and dot size, the dot size of 0.5cm in cyan was perceived to be most harmonious. Viewing the harmony difference according to color and color area ratio combination, both magenta and cyan were estimated to be positive, regardless of area ratio combination, and particularly, the case that the background was in cyan and the dots were in grey was perceived more harmonious compared to the contrary case. Viewing the harmony difference according to tone and dot sizes, the case when the dot sizes were 0.5cm, was perceived to be most positive, regardless of tone. Viewing the harmony difference according to color area ratio combination and tone, the case that the chromatic colors, cyan, magenta, and yellow was used as background, was estimated to be more harmonious, compared to the case that the achromatic color, grey was used as background. Viewing the harmony difference according to dot size and color area ratio combination, in case that the dots were in chromatic color and the background was in grey, the harmony showed difference by dot size, and the case of the dot size of 0.5cm was estimated to be most harmonious.

본 논문은 불완전한 휘도/색신호 분리로 인해 복조된 NTSC 칼라 TV신호의 휘도와 색차신호의 경계(edge)에서 나타나는 dot 패턴을 제거하는 2차원 필터에 대한 것이다. 제안된 필터는 휘도와 색차신호의 천이영역 검출신호와 dot 패턴 검출신호에 따라 직렬(cascade)로 연결된 수평-수직방향 저역통과필터의 차단주파수를 조절함으로써 dot 패턴을 감소시킨다. 제안 방식의 성능을 검증하기 위하여 현재 가장 많이 사용되는 NTSC 디코더 칩인 BT835과 SAA7113H을 이용하여 복조된 휘도와 색차신호에 적용한 결과 영상신호가 변화를 갖는 경계 영역에서 발생한 dot 패턴과 불완전한 복조로 인해 발생하는 평탄영역에서의 dot 패턴이 제거되었음을 확인할 수 있었다.

본 연구의 목적은 1898년 R.S.Hall에 의해 제자된 조선훈맹점자의 정확한 점형을 연구하는데 있다. 조선훈맹점자가 소개된 9개의 문헌에서 Hall이 제자한 36자의 글자 중 총 14자(ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅏ, ㅗ, 아래아, 4, 5, 9, 0)의 점형이 상이하여 이를 완전 파악하였다. 점 번호는 위, 아래 2개의 점이 총 4열로 되어 있으며, 첫째 열 왼쪽 위가 1점, 아래가 2점, 두 번째 열 위 3점, 아래 4점, 세 번째 열 위 5점, 아래 6점, 네 번째 열 위 7점, 아래가 8점이다. 조선훈맹점자는 약자를 사용하지 않았으며, 초성 ㅇ은 기록하지 않았고, 겹받침은 해당 자음을 어울러 적었으며, 모음은 ㅏ부터 ㅣ까지 그리고 아래아를 제자하였다. 11자 이외의 모음은 제자하지 않고 각각의 모음을 어울러 적었다. 초성과 종성을 구분하지 않고 제자하였다.

LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)는 자체 발광능력이 없으므로 그 후면에서 LCD 화면을 밝혀주는 BLU(Backlight Unit)를 필요로 한다. BLU의 핵심부품으로써 광원으로부터 나온 빛을 LCD의 패널 방향으로 이끌어내는 역할을 담당하고 있는 부분이 바로 도광판이고, 빛을 패널 방향으로 고르게 분포시키기 위해 도광판 하부에 점 모양의 확산물질을 인쇄한다. 이 인쇄패턴은 광원으로부터의 거리에 따라서 그 크기를 다르게 함으로써 패널 부분으로 균일한 평면광을 생성하도록 한다. 따라서 보다 균일한 평면광을 생성하는 BLU를 개발하기 위해서는 주어진 조건에서 패널 부분으로 균일한 평면광을 생성하도록 설계된 인쇄패턴을 찾는 것이 관건이다. 이러한 인쇄패턴을 Simplex Search 알고리즘을 사용하여 자동으로 찾게 함으로써 수작업으로 찾는 것보다 빠른 시간 내에 더욱 효율적인 인쇄패턴을 찾도록 한다.

In this paper, we design a Circle dot Code, In our scheme, we design a dot patterns for increasing maximum capacity and also for increasing robustness to Affine Transformation. Our code Can be extended according number of data circle. We use three data circle vision code. In this type code, after acquiring camera images for the Circle dot Codes, and perform error correction decoding using four position symbols and six CRC symbols. We perform graph based dot code analysis which determines the topological distance between dot pixels. Our code can be bridged the real world and ubiquitous computing environment.

In this paper, we design a Circle dot Code, In our scheme, we design a dot patterns for increasing maximum capacity and also for increasing robustness to Affine Transformation. Our code Can be extended according number of data circle. We use three data circle vision code. In this type code, after acquiring camera images for the Circle dot Codes, and perform error correction decoding using four position symbols and six CRC symbols. We perform graph based dot code analysis which determines the topological distance between dot pixels. Our code can be bridged the real world and ubiquitous computing environment.

Diffraction grating is the optical device which has periodic pattern. Decorative logotypes is the one of application of diffraction grating. In this paper diffraction grating for decorative logotype is fabricated by dot pattern in stead of line pattern. A metallic mold for diffraction gratings is fabricated with a mode-locked 12 ps Nd:YVO4 laser. Laser pulses with a wavelength of 355nm are irradiated on the surface of NOK 80, a mold material, to generate dot patterns. In order to minimize the dot diameter, laser power is set just above the ablation threshold of NOK 80. Results show that the spectrum from the fabricated mold is good enough for some industrial application

Diffraction grating is the optical device which has periodic pattern. Decorative logotypes is the one of application of diffraction grating. In this paper diffraction grating for decorative logotype is fabricated by dot pattern in stead of line pattern. A metallic mold for diffraction gratings is fabricated with a mode-locked 12 ps $Nd:YVO_4$ laser. Laser pulses with a wavelength of 355nm are irradiated on the surface of NOK 80, a mold material, to generate dot patterns. In order to minimize the dot diameter, laser power is set just above the ablation threshold of NOK 80. Results show that the spectrum from the fabricated mold is good enough for some industrial application.

Light Guide Panel(LGP) is a key part of backlight unit(BLU) which transforms line-light of lamp to surface-light. Dot pattern is formed on the injected LGP surface by screen printing. This dot pattern is composed of several ten thousands micro dots of diameter 150-180$\mu\textrm{m}$ or so. The dot patterning by screen printing causes low productivity and low performance of TFT-LCD. This research develops the micromachining technology for LGP mould which could form micro dot pattern by injection molding, removing the existing screen printing process.

The purpose of this study is to investigate consumer needs, image sensibility and preference of bedding fabric according to size and spacing of dot pattern. 18 kinds of dot pattern fabrics were designed with different diameters(6, 8, 10cm) and distances(4, 7, 10cm) in regular arrangement of diamond figure. The subjects were 162 male and female university students. The data were analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Fabrics were assessed subjectively using a 5-point scale 17 consumer needs and 33 sensory descriptors. The most consumer's needs for bedding fabric was shown to be functionality of bedding including hygiene, touch, warmth, ease of washing and management, air permeability, and hygroscopicity. The other parameters of consumer's needs were shown to be physical property and design parameter. The results of analysis of the dimension of image sensibility for fabrics with different size and spacing of dots are derived from six factors including joyfulness, coziness, uniqueness, charm, femininity, and complexity. As a result of analysis of preference with fabric kinds, there was a significant difference in preference with fabrics. The preferred fabrics were characterized by the pattern and the base fabric being striking three-dimensionally with 1/3 twill and 3/1 twill fabric. Sensory descriptors related to joyful image and unique image were analyzed as evaluation terms that can distinguish the preferences of fabrics. Correlation analysis showed the fabrics are preferred as the difference in luminance and reflectance between the base and pattern of the fabric become larger and the spacing of patterns become closer.