Earticle

This study proposes a distributed integrated control architecture based on Direct Digital Control(DDC) as an alternative to conventional centralized Distributed Control System(DCS) structures for a Canadian oil sands pilot plant, and theoretically analyzes its control characteristics and operational optimization potential. The target process consists of production and circulation, separation, water treatment, partial upgrading, and utility systems, and exhibits complex characteristics such as multiphase flow, high viscosity, time delay, strong coupling, and operation under extreme environmental conditions. In this study, an integrated control architecture combining independent DDC nodes for each process unit with a supervisory control layer is presented. A control model considering the coupling relationships among production, separation, water treatment, and upgrading processes is formulated, along with an objective function for energy optimization. Furthermore, through literature-based comparison and system architecture analysis, it is demonstrated that the DDC-based structure is suitable for oil sands pilot plants in terms of responsiveness, scalability, fault isolation, and energy efficiency.

Unconventional oil production plants are complex process systems characterized by highly viscous fluids, multiphase flow, thermal nonlinearity, long time delays, and strong inter-unit coupling. Under such conditions, conventional centralized control structures face limitations in achieving both rapid abnormal situation response and plant-wide operational stability. This study proposes a DDC(Direct Digital Control)-based distributed integrated control system as an alternative to conventional centralized control and quantitatively evaluates its performance. The proposed architecture consists of local DDC control nodes for each process subsystem and a supervisory optimization layer for plant-wide coordination and energy optimization. Five representative abnormal operating scenarios—namely inlet flow fluctuation, separator level deviation, heat exchanger degradation, circulation pump trip, and steam pressure variation—were defined. Performance was evaluated using Response Time, Maximum Deviation, Recovery Time, Energy Consumption Change, and Operational Stability Index(OSI). Results show that the proposed DDC-based structure achieves a 36.4% reduction in response time, 41.9% reduction in maximum deviation, 36.8% reduction in recovery time, and 38.3% reduction in energy consumption increase, with a 38.0% improvement in OSI. These results demonstrate that the proposed control system enhances disturbance rejection and operational stability, providing a practical framework for digital operation of unconventional oil production plants.

The direct current motor is one of the first machines devised to convert electrical power into mechanical power, and its origins can be traced to the disc-type machines conceived and tested by Michael Faraday. Its primary goal is to design a digital Proportional-Integral-Derivative (or PID) controller in a PLD’s devices environment to control the speed of DC motor system. This paper attempts to address two major problems by means of a PID controller. The first problem was system non-linearity that arose due to the nature of the hardware. The second problem was system unreliability when the DC motor load was varied.

This paper presents a new technique for directly designing a linear digital controller for a single-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) converter systems, based on closed-loop identification. The design procedure consists of three steps. First, obtain a digital current controller for the inner loop system by using the error space approach, so that the power factor of the supply is close to one. The outer loop is composed of a voltage controller, a current control loop including a current controller, a PWM converter, and a capacitor. Then, all the components, except the voltage controller, are identified by a discrete-time equivalent linear model, using the closed-loop output error (CLOE) method. Based on this equivalent model, a proper digital voltage controller is then directly designed. It is shown through PSim simulations and experimental results that the proposed method is useful for the practical design of PWM converter controllers.

A digital direct phase-shift control (DDPSC) method based on the phase-shifted full-bridge LLC (PSFB-LLC) converter is presented. This work combines DDPSC with the conventional linear control to obtain a hybrid control strategy that has the advantages of linear control and DDPSC control. The strategy is easy to realize and has good dynamic responses. The PSFB-LLC circuit structure is simple and works in the fixed frequency mode, which is beneficial to magnetic component design; it can realize the ZVS of the switch and the ZCS of the rectifier diode in a wide load range. In this work, the PSFB-LLC converter resonator is analyzed in detail, and the concrete realization scheme of the hybrid control strategy is provided by analyzing the state-plane trajectory and the time-domain model. Finally, a 3 kW prototype is developed, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the DDPSC controller and the hybrid strategy are verified by experimental results.

To achieve fast control action, direct control methods should be used. "Direct Mean Torque Control" (DMTC) combines the good dynamic performance of Direct Torque Control (DTC) with the advantages of inherently constant switching frequency and time equidistant control for implementation in a digital signal processor. Since DMTC is a predictive control algorithm, the model and its correction deserves special investigations. This paper proposes a steady-state Kalman filter which is well suited for fast computation.mputation.

This paper describes the speed control of d.c. servo motor by PID method in loads. PID algorithm has mainly been used in industrial circles In spite of the development of various control theory. D.C. motor speed is controlled by a microprocessor (Z-80). The speed control of d.c. motor is experimented in transient and steady state. In this study, feedforward controller Is used for dealing with loads. When it is possible to measure loads, this feed forward controller is used with another controller. And also, satisfying control effect Is gotten by using it In system with loads. Therefore, It is proved through experiment that a new designed controller can control the speed of d.c. servo motor.

For the position control of BL-DC motors, 2.phi.-3.phi. conversion unit, hysteresis band device, and PWM pulse generation are required. By utilizing a single-chip processor INTEL 8097BH, we cover all required functions. As a result, no analogue device is employed in this control scheme, so that it makes BL-DC motor controller simple and flexible. Furthermore, the single-chip processor is utilized for the nonlinear coordinate transformation which is necessary for the linearization of the motor system.

The direct thrust control of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor using digital signal processor (DSP) is presented. The motor self inductance, the initial flux linkage by the permanent magnet is calculated in advance by the finite element analysis. The equivalent circuit method and the digital signal processor are used for the simulation and experiment, respectively. The simulation and experimental results such as, thrust, current and speed responses to the commands are examined.