Earticle

Development of human-system interfaces (HSI) supporting the interaction between human and automation-based systems, particularly safety-critical sociotechnial systems, entails a wide range of design and evaluation problems. To help HSI designers deal with these problems, many methodologies from traditional human-computer interaction, software engineering, and systems engineering have been applied; however, they have been proved inadequate to develop cognitively well engineered HSI. This paper takes a viewpoint that HSI development is itself a cognitive process consisting of various decision making and problem solving activities and then proposes a design requirements-driven process for developing HSI. High-level design problems and their corresponding design requirements for visual information display are explained to clarify the concept of design requirements. Lastly, conceptual design of software system to support the requirements-driven process and designers' knowledge management is described.

In FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System) and CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing), machine-tools have been the target of integration in the last three decades. The conventional concept of integration is being changed into the autonomous manufacturing device based on the knowledge evolution by applying advanced information technology in which an open architecture controller, high-speed network and internet technology are included. In the advanced environment, the machine-tools is not the target of integration anymore, but has been the key subject of cooperation. In the near future, machine-tools will be more improved in the form of a knowledge-evolutionary intelligent device. The final goal of this study is to develop an intelligent machine having knowledge-evolution capability and a management system based on internet operability. The knowledge-evolutionary intelligent machine-tools is expected to gather knowledge autonomically, by producing knowledge, understanding knowledge, reasoning knowledge, making a new decision, dialoguing with other machines, etc. The concept of the knowledge-evolutionary intelligent machine is originated from the machine control being operated by human experts' sense, dialogue and decision. The structure of knowledge evolution in M2M (Machine to Machine) and the scheme for a dialogue agent among agent-based modules such as a sensory agent, a dialogue agent and an expert system (decision support agent) are presented in this paper, with intent to develop the knowledge-evolutionary machine-tools. The dialogue agent functions as an interface for inter-machine cooperation. To design the dialogue agent module in an M2M environment, FIPA (Foundation of Intelligent Physical Agent) standard platform and the ping agent based on FIPA are analyzed in this study. In addition, the dialogue agent is designed and applied to recommend cutting conditions and thermal error compensation in a tapping machine. The knowledge-evolutionary machine-tools are expected easily implemented on the basis of this study and shows a good assistance to sensory and decision support agents.

This paper addresses the importance of knowledge management (KM) and the relationship of that theory when applied to improving interior design organizational performance in four areas: people, processes, design products, and organizational performance. Included is the way knowledge theory manifests in three different professional settings: coaching and training, designing, and service settings. Knowledge management, although well established in interior design services, requires effort in coaching and training as motivation is a critical variable. Whereas, strategies for knowledge management vary from industry to industry given diversity in situational variables, knowledge in each professional setting can be significantly aided by capturing and storing empirical, tacit, and explicit information, providing real-time electronic storage and retrieval of information [5] and consistent with transformational theory, through opening communication channels across the full range of the organization, inspiring and motivating individuals, and aligning all members of the organization toward a common vision [8]. Professional settings discussed in this paper are:(a)an learning organization enumerated in KM; (b)designing factors for managing knowledge theory themes; and (c)service, effective, efficient, and innovative KM application that is relevant to the process of developing effective KM for interior design service organizations. Folded within each will be a discussion on KM's impacts on visions, strategies, costs, and organizational performance. It has reiterated the impact of KM on one level might lead to synergistic impacts on another. Thus, KM has the potential to produce several interconnected impacts on people, design products, processes, and organizations.

최근 데이터 계측 기술과 ICT 기술이 발달함에 따라 수자원 데이터의 계측 방법과 활용 방법이 다양해지 고 있다. 이러한 데이터 수집 방식의 변화는 데이터의 양적·질적 다양성이 확대되는 결과를 가져왔으나 동시에 데이터 간 수집 주기, 단위, 포맷 등이 상이해지는 문제점이 발생하였다. 또한 우리나라는 기관별, 부처별, 목적별로 수자원 데이터가 생산되어 분산 관리되고 있어 데이터 간 연계 및 통합과 활용이 어려운 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 다양한 기관에서 생성 및 공유되는 수자원 데이터를 연계, 활용, 분석하 기 위한 물지식정보관리 서비스(W-KMS) 프레임워크를 설계하였다. W-KMS 프레임워크 설계를 위하여 수자원 데이터와 연계 방안을 정의하였다. 또한, 데이터 툴킷(toolkit)과 지식맵(knowledge map)으로 구성 되는 W-KMS 프레임워크의 구조와 기능, 화면을 설계하였다. 향후 본 연구를 통해 설계한 W-KMS 프레임 워크를 사용할 경우, 기관별로 분산되고 형식이 달라 활용이 어려웠던 수자원 데이터에 대한 비효율적 관리 문제를 해결하고 수자원 데이터에 대한 사용자별, 데이터 분류별, 수집장소별 효과적인 활용이 가능할 것으로 예상된다.

With recent advances in data measurement technologies and ICT, methods for measuring and utilizing water resources data have diversified, leading to greater quantitative and qualitative diversity but also to differences in collection intervals, units, and formats across datasets. In Korea, water resources data are produced for different purposes by multiple agencies and ministries and are managed in a dispersed manner, making linkage, integration, and utilization difficult. Accordingly, this study designed a Water Knowledge Management Service(W-KMS) framework to link, utilize, and analyze water resources data generated and shared by various institutions. We defined the datasets and linkage approaches for the W-KMS and designed its structure, functions, and user interfaces; the framework comprises a data toolkit and a knowledge map. The proposed W-KMS framework is expected to resolve the inefficient management of dispersed and heterogeneous water resources data, enabling effective use by user group, data category, and collection location.

본 연구에서는 일반 방사형 기저 함수 신경망을 확장한 새로운 분류 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 분류 방법에서 RBFNN의 확장 버전은 두 가지 주요 부분으로 구성된다. 첫 번째 부분은 출력 분포를 다항 분포로 처리하는 데 도 움이 되는 소프트 맥스 함수이다. 둘째, 기존 신경망에서 히든노드로 간주될 수 있는 방사형 기반 함수를 클러스터링 알고리즘을 사용하지 않고 무작위로 정의한다. 소프트맥스 함수를 네트워크에 적용할 경우 비선형 최소자승추정, 오 류역전파 알고리즘 등의 반복학습 알고리즘을 사용하여 네트워크의 계수 값을 구해야 한다. 제안된 분류 방법을 검 증하기 위해 여러 가지 기계 학습 데이터 세트가 사용된다.

In this research, we proposed a new classification method which is an expanded version of the generic radial basis function neural networks. In the proposed classification method, the expanded version of RBFNNs consists of two main parts. And the first part is the soft-max function to help us handle the output distribution as a multinomial distribution. Secondly, radial basis functions, which can be considered as hidden nodes in the conventional neural networks, are defined not by using a clustering algorithm but in a random manner. When the soft-max function is applied to the networks, iterative learning algorithms such as nonlinear least square estimation and error back-propagation algorithm should be used to value the coefficient of the networks. In order to validate the proposed classification method, several machine learning data sets are used.

본문의 연구목적은 디자인 교육의 도형 기초 다자인 과정에서 다양한 지식차원의 교육콘텐츠에 대한 플립러닝 수업모델의 효율성을 테스트하고, 도형 기초 다자인 과정을 대상으로 한 플립러닝 수업방안 및 의견을 제시함으로써 교육효과를 높이는 데 있다. 블룸의 교육목표 분류학의 지식차원을 사용하여 도형 기초 다자인 과정의 교육내용을 분류 하고, 120명의 학생을 4개의 실험조로 나눈 다음, 다양한 지식차원과정 콘텐츠의 플립러닝 학습을 각각 진행하고, 수업 전에 실시한 테스트와 수업 이후 실시한 테스트를 통해 실험데이터를 얻어 분석을 진행하였다. 그 중 사실성과 개념성 지식 수업의 경우 자기주도적 학습, 절차성과 메타인지 부류의 지식수업에서의 플립러닝 수업방식은 학습의 적극성을 유발하여 학습효율을 높일 수 있다. 연구결과와 학생의 피드백을 근거로 도형 기초 다자인 과정 콘텐츠의 분류방법 및 도형 기초 다자인 과정 플립러닝모델에 대한 수업전략을 제시하였다.

This paper’s research objective is to test educational content with different dimensions of knowledge during a graphic basic design course, while also proposing teaching plans and opinions for courses in flipped classrooms as well as enhancing educational efficiency. It categorizes educational content of courses based on the dimensions of knowledge in the learning objectives of Bloom’s taxonomy. 120 students are divided into four experimental groups to respectively under go flipped classroom learning by using different dimensions of knowledge involved in course content. Course pretests and post tests are used to obtain and analyze experimental data. Among this knowledge, factual and conceptual knowledge obtained during extra curricular independent learning as well as programmed and meta-cognitive knowledge obtained during in-class learning from a flipped classroom can stimulate student’s learning initiative and also enhance learning efficiency. According to research results and student feedback, this paper will propose targeted categorization methods for course content and also suggest educational strategies for these courses’ flipped classroom model.

In this study, by using the natural language processing of the field of artificial intelligence, automated index was performed. And then, the Natural Language Processing Interface for knowledge representation(NALPI) has been developed. Furthermore, the DEsign KnOwledge DataBase(DEKODB) has been also developed, which is designed to interlock the knowledge base. The DEKODB processes both the documented design-data, like a concrete standard specification, and the design knowledge from an expert. The DEKODB is also simulates the design space of structures accordance with the production rule, and thus it is determined that DEKODB can be used as a engine to retrieve new knowledge and to implement knowledge base that is necessary to the development of automatic design system. The application field of the system, which has been developed in this study, can be expanded by supplement of the design knowledge at DEKODB and developing dictionaries for foreign languages. Furthermore, the perfect automation at the data accumulation and development of the automatic rule generator should benefit the unified design automation.

In this paper, we have constructed an expert system for semiconductor chip encapsulation which combines a knowledge-based system with CAE software. The knowledge-base module includes heuristic and pre analysis knowledge for evaluation and redesign. Evaluation of the initial design and generation of redesign recommendations can be developed from the rules as applied to a given chip package. The CAE programs can be used for simulating the filling and packing stage of encapsulation process. The expert system is a new tool which enables package design or process conditions with high yields and high productivity.

본 논문에서는 과학 저널리즘의 대표적인 성공 사례로 평가되고 있는 KISTI의 과학향기 칼럼에 대한 반자동 지식화 방안과 이를 기반으로 과학기술 인포그래픽 기반의 서비스 체제를 제안한다. 전문가나 특정 분야 과학자를 대상으로 하는 전문 정보와는 달리 과학향기 콘텐트는 일반 대중을 대상으로 알기 쉬운 과학 상식을 제공하고 있다. 이러한 특성을 바탕으로 과학향기 데이터베이스를 지식화하기 위한 방법론 즉, 지식 유형, 지식 추출 방법 및 절차 등을 세부적으로 살펴본다. 또한 과학향기 지식베이스를 기반으로 과학기술 인포그래픽 서비스 체제를 새롭게 정의하고 이에 대한 세부적인 구성도, 방법론 및 특징 등을 기술한다. 이를 통해서 미래의 과학 저널리즘 서비스가 나아가야 할 발전적 방향을 제안한다.

This paper proposes a noble service architecture based on scientific infographic as well as semi-automatic knowledge process for 'KISTI's Scent of Science' database, which has been highly credited as a science journalism service in Korea. Unlike other specialized scientific databases for domain experts and scientists, the database aims at providing comprehensible and intuitive information about various important scientific concepts which may seem not to be easily understandable to general public. In order to construct a knowledge-base from the database, we deeply analyze the traits of the database and then establish a semi-automatic approach to identify and extract various scientific intelligence from its contents. Furthermore, this paper defines a scientific infographic service platform based on the knowledge-base by offering its detailed structure, methods and characteristics, which shows a progressive future direction for science journalism service.

본 연구에서는 일반인 대상의 한의 분야 지식 포털인 KOIN(한의 사람들, http://www.koin.re.kr)을 설계하고 구현하였다. 기존의 한의 관련 포털들은 한의사나 한의학 연구자들을 대상으로 콘텐츠를 제공하고 커뮤니티를 운영하고 있다. 반면 네이버와 같은 일반 포털들은 일반인이 이해하기 쉬운 콘텐츠를 제공하지만 정보의 일관성이나 신뢰성이 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 일반인이 필요한 콘텐츠와 서비스를 제공하기 위해서 우선 일반인들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 이 결과를 반영해서 포털의 주요 기능을 설계하였으며, 일반인 대상의 한의 콘텐츠를 구축하였다. 향후에는 지속적으로 유용한 한의 건강 지식을 추가로 구축하고 커뮤니티가 활발히 운영될 수 있도록 함으로써 일반인들이 한의 지식을 쉽게 얻을 수 있도록 할 계획이다.

In this paper, we designed and implemented KOIN(Korean medicine 人, http://www.koin.re.kr), a Korean medicine knowledge portal. While there were several portals in the Korean medicine field, they provided technical contents and communities for doctors and researchers of Korean medicine. The usual portals such as naver provide the contents which the general public can understand, but their consistency and reliability are deficient. In this paper, first of all, requirements for the Korean medicine portal have been surveyed to supply contents and services for the general public. The requirements were reflected to the functions of our portal and the construction of Korean medicine knowledge for the general public. In future, we will continue to add the useful health knowledge in Korean medicine as well as actively operate Korean medicine communities so that users can obtain Korean medicine knowledge easily.

The design of injection molded polymeric parts has been done empirically, since it requires profound knowledge about the moldability and causal effects on the properties of the part, which are not available to designers through current CAD systems. An interactive computer-based design system is developed in order to realize the concept of rational design for the productivity and quality of mold making. The knowledge-based CAD system is constructed by adding the knowledge -base module for mold feature synthesis and appropriate CAE programs for mold design analysis in order to provide designers, at the initial design stage, with comprehensive process knowledge for feature synthesis, performance analysis and feature-based geometric modeling. A knowledge-based CAD system is a new tool which enables the concurrent design with integrated and balanced design decisions at the initial design stage of injection molding.

Household electrical appliances should be designed to satisfy safety standards. An expert system is implemented to support the design process. The general-purpose expert system shell. ART-IM which is running under MS-DOS environment, is used to construct the knowledge-base. A set of rules has been extracted from the EN 60 335-1 that is British standard specification for the safety of household and similar electrical appliances. The main focus of this paper is on codes that have systematic and mormative structures. The internal structure of the safety standard is analysed to improve the process of rule extraction.

Objectives: A learning organization was designed and implemented on the basis of the selection criteria and essential elements of knowledge translation theory. Methods: The learning organization was designed on the basis of biosafety harmonization criteria and risk management strategy and was implemented as the learning organization for biosafety management by the National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. The effect of knowledge translation in the research institutions by evidence-based policy was verified. Results: The result of applying the knowledge translation theory involving all stakeholders showed a positive reaction in establishing and implementing biosafety management strategy and embodied risk assessment criteria and evoked sympathy with the necessity of learning and using of expert knowledge about risk assessment and risk management. All stakeholders initiated voluntarily action toward new human-network construction and communication between similar organizations. The learning organization's capability expanded the base of knowledge translation. Conclusion: These results showed that a learning organization could enhance the autonomous safety management system by diffusion of knowledge translation.

PhotoShop 등과 같은 디자인 관련 소프트웨어의 사용자들은 관련 지식에 관하여 알고 싶을 경우, 일반적으 로 인터넷을 검색하게 된다. 그러나 인터넷에서 원하는 디자인 관련 지식만을 검색하기는 매우 어려운 실정이다. 왜 냐하면 기존의 지식 공유 시스템들은 다루는 분야가 광범위하고, 디자인에 특화된 다양한 형태의 질문 및 답변, 지 식 거래 등을 제공하는 곳은 거의 없기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 디자인 지식의 특성을 반영하여 텍스트 뿐만 아니라 이미지, 동영상 등을 통한 자유로운 질의 응답 기능, 강의 기능, 지식거래 기능 등을 제공하는 동영상 기반 디자인 지식 공유 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 시스템을 이 용하여 디자인 지식을 공유함으로써 제품 경쟁력 확보에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 향후 본 시스템은 디자인 지식뿐만 아니라 다양한 지식을 공유할 수 있는 프레임으로 확대가 필요할 것이다.

In general, users of design software such as Photoshop, search for information online when they want to obtain related knowledge. However, it is very difficult to find the exact information they want about designs because available knowledge sharing systems are very broad in what they manage, and it is rare that such systems would provide any design-specific Q&A or exchange of information functionality. In the paper we development a video based system for sharing design knowledge that supplies Q&A, lecture, knowledge trade function etc. utilizing multimedia like text, image and video reflecting the characteristics of design knowledge. The system are expected to contribute to the competitiveness of products through sharing design knowledge. In the near future the system will need to expand to a framework that can be shared with a variety of knowledge, as well as design knowledge.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of group education reflecting unmet needs led by Nurse Practitioners (NPs) on essential knowledge regarding chemotherapy for cancer patients and their families undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: Conducted at a tertiary general hospital in Seoul from December 30, 2020, to April 30, 2022, this study, which is based on a one group pre-post design, involved 104 cancer patients and their families. It assessed differences in knowledge regarding chemotherapy and satisfaction levels by means of participation through video-based group education led by NPs. The data were analyzed with SAS version 9.4 using paired t-tests and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The average score of knowledge regarding chemotherapy increased from 80.0 to 89.8 (p<.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, being less than 50 years old (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]=13.56, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.76~10.20) and having a college degree or higher (aOR=3.99, 95% CI: 1.15~13.82) were associated with an increase in knowledge regarding chemotherapy. Satisfaction with participation in the group education program was also reported to be high. Conclusion: This study aimed to develop and implement a group education program for cancer patients and their families undergoing chemotherapy, assess changes in knowledge levels, and investigate satisfaction with the program. As a result of the study, the average score of patients who received the group education program increased; thus, it is an effective method for improving the degree of knowledge about the daily life of cancer patients and the management of side effects.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of chemotherapy education, reflecting the educational needs of female cancer patients, on self-care knowledge and performance. Methods: This study utilized a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted from December 10, 2019, to March 30, 2020, at N Hospital, targeting 68 breast cancer patients (34 in the control group, 34 in the experimental group) and 70 gynecologic cancer patients (34 in the control group, 36 in the experimental group). Chemotherapy education was provided using the educational materials developed based on the educational needs of the patients, titled 'Chemotherapy Education Guide for Breast Cancer Patients' and 'Chemotherapy Education Guide for Gynecologic Cancer Patients.' Variables were measured before and after the intervention. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in self-care knowledge (breast cancer, p=.010; gynecologic cancer, p=.043) and self-care performance (gynecologic cancer, p<.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The educational materials developed by reflecting the educational needs of patients have proven to be highly effective tools for female cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Purpose : This study aimed to identify the effects of a multifaceted pediatric delirium education program for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurses on their delirium knowledge, confidence in delirium nursing, and delirium evaluation accuracy. Methods : This study used a one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 50 nurses in two units of the PICU at S General Hospital in Seoul. All participants took a 1-hour lecture with case-based practice for the first two weeks, and received feedback as they applied the program to clinical practice over the next two weeks. Test measures were completed before and after the four week intervention period for all participants. The delirium evaluation accuracy was measured using the Korean version of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium. Data were analyzed using the chi-square and paired t-tests. Results : After the Pediatric Delirium Education Program, nurses' delirium knowledge (x²=11.65, p =.001), confidence in delirium nursing (t=9.71, p<.001), and delirium evaluation accuracy (t=6.07, p<.001) improved significantly. Conclusions : Pediatric delirium education programs for PICU nurses were effective. For active application of the program in clinical practice in the future, various cases of childhood delirium and specific strategies for each subject must be developed. To achieve this, long-term intervention and research for multiple organizations are required.