Earticle

The purpose of this study is to clearly explain the meaning and the characteristic of descriptive image of Kim Chun-Su’s poetries. Kim Chun-Su, who passed the period of Japanese domination and the Korean war, inquire into the pure words not contaminated by history, ideology and violence. Nonsense poetry he wrote comes from the effort to rescue the poetries from the violence of idea in the words. Contrary to metaphorical image which have the idea in the back, descriptive image is the one to remove the idea and to be only the image for image. Descriptive image is the starting point to get to Nonsense poetry as well as the turning point. Kim Chun-su is fully aware of the descriptive image in the poetries for the ‘flower’ which are written in the last of first poetry term. After the result of analysis of Folwer, I can make sure that Kim Chun-Su has the conscious of characteristics of descriptive images and nonsense poetries. This study tried to summarize the characteristics of descriptive images into three; ①epoche, ②vacant state and free association, ③autonomy of image. Epoche, which is the philosophical term in Husserl’s phenomenology, is used in order to break stereotypical thought, anthropocentric attitude and force of habit in Kim Chun-Su’s poetries. In order to execute epoche, he tries to take out the explanations in his poetries. One of the useful way to remove them is to control the verbs just to block the idea to penetrate into the subjects or the nouns. Vacant state, which is interested by Surrealism as the way of poetry writing, is the pure state of mind free from control of reason. This way is interestingly used to make the realities of life and to watch the empty world. If the poet call the name of the invisible thing with its motion, color and fragrance by the poetic intuition, he can experience the happening that lots of other words are gathered into those things. This is very the free association. The autonomy of image is realized when the image comes into the poetry for itself and works autonomously, not wear the idea passively provided by the poetic addresser in the poem. When the image of things hided in their inside calmly obtains the autonomy in the poetry, it opens its inner side and shows the hided ultimate truth.

Purpose: Body image changes are common among patients living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)because of the illness and related treatments. Currently, there is little known about how those patientsexperience and perceive their altered body image in the literature. The aim of this study was to explorethe experiences of body image changes in patients with IBD in China and to describe how those changesinfluence patients’ perception of body and self. Methods: This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. A total of 16 participants from three tertiaryhospitals in southeast China were recruited through purposive sampling combined with maximumvariation strategy. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using conventionalcontent analysis method. Results: The following six themes were extracted: (1) “being a constrained person,” (2) “being a flawedperson,” (3) “being a disliked person,” (4) “being an alienated person,” (5) “being a reconciled person,”and (6) “being a blessed person.”Conclusion: With the diagnosis of IBD and its side effects of treatments, patients’ life changed significantlyand they were struggling to reinterpret their body and self. As a result, negative self-evaluations and/or positive self-evaluations towards themselves generated. Further studies are required to explore theunderlying mechanism and related influencing factors about how those different images were produced.

This study examined whether ChatGPT-based image-generation activities affect university EFL learners’ descriptive writing performance and how learners experience such activities. Forty undergraduate EFL learners at a Korean University were assigned to an experimental group, which generated images from English prompts and revised those prompts before writing, or a comparison group completing conventional pre-writing tasks. Both groups produced descriptive compositions before and after a four-session treatment. Writing samples were rated across six TEEP domains and analyzed using MANCOVA and Cohen’s f effect sizes, while experimental-group reflection logs were analyzed thematically. The results showed that the multivariate group effect did not reach statistical significance, although the associated effect size was large. Exploratory univariate analyses showed consistent medium-to-large effects favoring the experimental group in text organization, grammatical appropriateness, lexical appropriateness, and spelling. The thematic analysis indicated that learners experienced expanded linguistic resources, more concrete ideas, greater support for compositional organization, and enhanced metacognitive reflection, while also encountering technical instability, the cognitive burden of composing English prompts, concerns about overreliance, and occasional emotional strain. Overall, the study offers preliminary, exploratory evidence that the recursive prompt?image?revision cycle can direct learners’ attention to form?meaning relationships and push them toward more precise expression.

본 연구는 김광균의 첫 시집 『瓦斯燈』을 대상으로 하여 기존의 선행연구가 김광균 시에서 비유에 의해 이미지가 형성되는 방식에 주목한 것과는 다른 관점에서 접근하고자 했다. 이 관점은 김광균의 『瓦斯燈』에 나타난 이미지 형성이 비유만이 아니라 서술적 묘사의 방식에 의해서도 비중 있게 이루어지고 있음을 밝히는 것이다. 본고에서는 서술적 묘사에 의해 형성된 이미지가 김광균 시에서 어떤 양상으로 나타나는지 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 서술적 묘사는 김광균 시에서 풍경을 드러내고 있으며 이미지를 선명하게 형성하고 있다. 또한 김광균의 시에서 서술적 묘사는 비유의 방식을 포괄하면서 보다 설명적이고 쉽게 이미지를 형성하는 특징을 가지고 있다. 이렇게 볼 때 김광균의 시에서 서술적 묘사는 이미지를 형성하는 데 주조를 이루는 방식이라고 할 수 있다. 또한 본고는 서술적 묘사에 의해 형성된 이미지의 성격을 김광균 시의 특징인 회화성과 관련하여 살펴보았다. 김광균의 시가 갖는 회화적 성격은 이미지에 의해서 형성되는데 서술적 묘사 방식에 의해 전경화된 이미지가 형성되고 그것이 시의 회화성을 이루는 주된 기능임을 살펴보았다.

The injection is the input method of the image feature vector from the encoder to the decoder. Since the image feature vector contains object details such as color and texture, it is essential to generate image captions. However, the bidirectional decoder model using the existing injection method only inputs the image feature vector in the first step, so image feature vectors of the backward sequence are vanishing. This problem makes it difficult to describe the context in detail. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the parallel injection method to improve the description performance of image captions. The proposed Injection method fuses all embeddings and image vectors to preserve the context. Also, We optimize our image caption model with Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU) to reduce the amount of computation of the decoder. To validate the proposed model, experiments were conducted with a certified image caption dataset, demonstrating excellence in comparison with the latest models using BLEU and METEOR scores. The proposed model improved the BLEU score up to 20.2 points and the METEOR score up to 3.65 points compared to the existing caption model.