Earticle

본 연구는 전통 목조건물물 화재에 대한 Computer Modeling 수행을 통한 실규모 화재 시 화재규모를 예측하고 소화설비의 효과를 파악해 보기 위하여 수행되었다. 모든 결과는 한정된 시나리오에 기반하며, 대부분의 화재공학적 가정된 설정 값에 의 해 도출되도록 한다. 분석 대상 공간은 중규모 목조 건물인 상원사 문수전을 대상으로 하였으며, 1.3MW 액체화원에 의하여 건물로 화염 전파된 화재는 450초대 최대 약 800MW 까지 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 목재 연소열(ΔHc = 20 MJ/kg)을 고려 시 연소속도(m)은 최대 약 40kg/s 정도임을 의미한다. Modeling 총시간 1,200초까지 평균 열방출율(Q mena)은 약 325MW 이며, 평균연소속도(m mean)는 약 16kg/s 이다.

The aim of this study was to develop a model that could be used in the design of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) for peaches. Respiratory data at 5, 10, 20℃ for peaches were gathered and altered for create useful respiration model. Packaging materials were conventional low density polyethylene and polypropylene with anti-fog, and anti-fungi treatments, and thickness was $30{\mu}m$ and $50{\mu}m$ each. Permeability tests were performed to find their oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor transmission rate as increases in temperature. Test results were then converted to logarithm format for MAP modeling. The maximum rate of oxygen uptake increased with increasing temperature. Optimum gas composition in the package system for fruits were set according to literature and upper or lower limits of oxygen and dioxide established. To predict gas composition at certain storage time, weight of fruits, film thickness, film type, and other variables, respiration rate was studied at various storage conditions. The results of tests were used to calculate Cameron`s model and converted to a cubic estimation equation. The validity of the model was tested experimentally by observing actual atmospheric changes inside packages. This result of study may be useful for designing dynamic gas exchange MAP systems for similar agricultural products.

Combining digital automation solutions throughout recent manufacturing process is essential. Advanced robot and mechanical techniques are required for design, manufacture, and distribution process. Manual design of repetitive similar mechanical components during the development phase of these advanced machines and robots can occur wasting time and money. Developed gear design module, which is the power transfer system mechanical component, was programmed in the Visual Basic language in CATIA V5 environment. Automation Process is Based on Parametric Modeling Method. and it was found to be effective in reducing design time compared to designers manual modeling.

In given article questions on directions of the theory and practice of computer modeling and the organization of computing experiment are considered at carrying out of pedagogical researches. Its condition for today is analyzed and the mathematical model of processes of testing is offered. In this article objects of creation methods and models of teaching material setting-up in depend on states of trainee in intellectual education systems are considered. The computer system of Uzbek Spellchecking depends on many scientific researches which were made for other agglutinative languages. Effective algorithms that can solve this problem using small amount of resources and without a waste of time are discussed in this paper. Also here the program’s graphic user interface and its full functionality have been described. In the third part of the paper the results of analysis of Russian Federation and Kyrgyz Republic educational standards in Information Technology, Computer Sciences, Informatics, Applied Mathematics and other are considered in this paper. Required changes are bringing out that must be made for development new educational standard corresponding Bologna Process. Important specifics of educational standards of European Countries and United States are showing. New educational standard on field “Informatics and Computer Engineering” are suggested for bachelor level of Kyrgyz Republic. In the suggested standards four blocks of previous standards are saved to provide continuity with standards former generation.

As a carrier of artificial intelligence research, computer game can establish a sound theoretical foundation for the research of non-zero-sum card games with imperfect information. In this paper, we first propose a game model based on the finite Moore automaton, which illustrates the implementation of the model for Niujiu card. At the same time, a novel search strategy combining IMP-minimax and Monte Carlo algorithm is presented in this model. Through the given algorithm, this paper accomplishes the simulation, including not only the process of minimal and optimal occupancy for the first player, but the available frequency of special card type. Experiments show that our model and algorithm are feasible and effective.

This paper is intended to investigate the effects of infected external computers and removable storage media on the spread of computer viruses. To this end, a new dynamical model, which has four compartments, is proposed. The analysis of the model shows that the unique equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. This result is well suited for numerical implementation. An illustration of the influences of infected external computers and removable storage media is also included. Furthermore, it is found that (1) infected external computers and removable storage media can both accelerate the viral spread; (2) infected removable storage media can pose a greater threat than infected external computers.

This paper presents the concepts of database systems as well as the overview of the use of Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a standard notation of real-world objects in developing object-oriented design methodology for computer applications. The UML is a tool for specifying software systems that include standardized diagrams to define, illustrate and visually map or model a software system's design and structure. UML diagrams include the use case diagram, class diagram, sequence diagram, statechart diagram, activity diagram, component diagram, and deployment diagram. The integration of these diagrams to different software processes have been discussed.

The present paper reports on a trial to shed further light on the characterization, applications, and operation of radar speed guns or Gunn diodes on different radiation environments of neutron or g fields. To this end, theoretical and experimental investigations of microwave oscillating system for outer-space applications were carried out. Radiation effects on the transient parameters and electrical properties of the proposed devices have been studied in detail with the application of computer programming. Also, the oscillation parameters, power characteristics, and bias current were plotted under the influence of different ${\gamma}$ and neutron irradiation levels. Finally, shelf or oven annealing processes were shown to be satisfactory techniques to recover the initial characteristics of the irradiated devices.

This paper presents the hot spot behaviors on the rubbing surface of ventilated disk brake by using finite element method. The depth of asperities on the rubbing surface is usually $2-3\;{\mu}m$ so the real contact area is microscopically. Non-uniform contacts between the disk and the pads lead to high local temperatures, which may cause the material degradation, and develops hot spots, thermal cracking, and brake system failures at the end. High contact asperity flash temperatures in rubbing systems, which is strongly related to the hot spot. It was generally known that high temperature over about $700^{\circ}C$ may form martensite on the cast iron which is material for automotive disk brakes. In this paper, the contact stress, temperature distribution and strain have been presented for the specific asperities of real contact area microscopically by using coupled thermal-mechanical analysis technique.

커패시터 방전회로의 제작 및 시험을 위해서는 고가의 비용과 위험요소가 내재되어 있으며 특히 고전력 응용을 위해서는 이러한 요소는 더욱 커지게 된다. 그 대체방법으로는 컴퓨터를 이용하여 이 회로의 동작을 모델링하고 시뮬레이션하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 커패시터 방전 임펄스 착자가 착아 요크 시스템을 위한 SPICE 모델을 개발하고 시뮬레이션 결과를 실제 시스템의 측정치와 비교하였다. 또한 착자기 시스템의 방전회로를 위한 온도산정방법을 제안하였다. 특히 임펄스 착자기의 방전회로의 온도산정은 착자회로 설계의 중요한 지침이 되므로 극히 중요하다. 본 연구에 이용된 착자기는 저손실 유입 커패시터이며, 최대 1200[V]의 충전이 가능하다. 이러한 착자 모델의 개발을 통하여 고임펄스 방전 회로의 설계 및 개발에 소요되는 시간 및 비용을 절약하는데 크게 기여할 것이다.

The modeling of a single-chamber SOFC has been performed under various fuel/air mixing ratios. Specifically, the energy and mass balance of a single-chamber solid oxide fuel cell (SC-SOFC) were investigated. Electrodes with selective catalytic activity were adapted and dry methane and oxygen mixture diluted by N2 was prepared as a fuel. The temperature and gas concentration for the reforming reactions, the water-gas shift reaction, and electrochemical reactions were calculated by a numerical model. Fluid dynamics, heat conduction convection, and mass diffusion convection were considered in the frame of a Finite Element Method (FEM). Through the numerical approach of a SOFC with hydrocarbon fuel, the reactant and product gas distribution, the temperature distribution and cell performance with catalytically active electrodes were successfully predicted. Using the calculated the concentration distribution and the temperature distribution, ohmic loss, activation loss and concentration loss were obtained.

Multi-run growth is most commonly applied to provide a high yield of shaped crystals. The presence of several crystals in a melting zone and a radiative heat exchange between them pose difficulties in the optimization of the heat zone design and growth conditions. The trial-and-error experiments can hardly be applied because of high cost in terms of materials and time. Moreover, the presence of many parameters under consideration and their interaction make a tentative search a very arduous task. In this paper, the multi-run growth process for sapphire ribbons is studied on the basis of mathematical modeling and the optimized relationships are found.

Magnetospheic substorm in the magnetotail region is studied numerically by means of a three dimensional MHD code. The analytic solution for the quiet magnetotail is employed as an initial configuration. The localized solar wind is modeled to enter the simulation domain through the boundaries located in the magnetotail lobe region. As a result of the interaction between the solar wind and the magnetosphere, the magnetic field lines are stretched, and the plasma sheet becomes thinner and thinner. When the current driven resistivity is generated, magnetic reconnection is triggered by this resistivity. The resulting plasma jetting is found to be super-magnetosonic. Although the plasmoid formation and its tailward motion is not quite clear as in the two dimensional simulation, which is mainly because of the numerical model chosen for the present simulation, the rarification of the plasmas near the x-point is observed. Field aligned currents are observed in the late expansive stage of the magnetospheric substorm. These field aligned currents flow from the tail toward the ionosphere on the dawn side from the ionosphere to ward the tail on the dusk side, namely in the same sense of the region 1 current. As the field aligned currents develop, it is found that the cross tail current in the earth side midnight section of the magnetic x-point is reduced.

The translationally controlled tumor-associated proteins (TCTPs) are a highly conserved and abundantly expressed family of eukaryotic proteins that are implicated in both cell growth and human acute allergic response but whose intracellular biochemical function has remained elusive. There are reports that antimalarial drug, artemisinin. binds to Plasmodium falciparum TCTP. however, its 3D structure has not been known. (omitted)

In this paper an engine system model is developed to characterize abd dynamic interactions among various process of engine components in the system utillizing computer simulation. simulation of the dynamics or the entire engine process and emission, including alf-fuel inlet element, intake manifold, combustion unit is carried out.

It has been estimated that the equivalent of approximately $US 50 billion has been spent on research on the behavior and fate of pesticides in the environment since Rachel Carson published “Silent Spring” in 1962. Much of the resulting knowledge has been summarized explicitly in computer algorithms in a variety of empirical, deterministic, and probabilistic simulation models. These models describe and predict the transport, degradation and resultant concentrations of pesticides in various compartments of the environment during and after application. In many cases the known errors of model predictions are large. For this reason they are typically designed to be “conservative”, i.e., err on the side of over-prediction of concentrations in order to err on the side of safety. These predictions are then compared with toxicity data, from tests of the pesticide on a series of standard representative biota, including terrestrial and aquatic indicator species and higher animals (e.g., wildlife and humans). The models' predictions are good enough in some cases to provide screening of those compounds which are very unlikely to do harm, and to indicate those compounds which must be investigated further. If further investigation is indicated a more detailed (and therefore more complicated) model may be employed to give a better estimate, or field experiments may be required. A model may be used to explore “what if” questions leading to possible alternative pesticide usage patterns which give lower potential environmental concentrations and allowable exposures. We are currently at a maturing stage in this research where the knowledge base of pesticide behavior in the environmental is growing more slowly than in the past. However, innovative uses are being made of the explosion in available computer technology to use models to take ever more advantage of the knowledge we have. In this presentation, current developments in the state of the art as practiced in North America and Europe will be presented. Specifically, we will look at the efforts of the ‘Focus’ consortium in the European Union, and the ‘EMWG’ consortium in North America. These groups have been innovative in developing a process and mechanisms for discussion amongst academic, agriculture, industry and regulatory scientists, for consensus adoption of research advances into risk management methodology.

반도체 소자의 모델에 대한 특성을 비교하고 체제적인 모데링 기법에 대하여 논하였다. 체계적인 모데링 기법을 이용한 FET의 선형 및 비선형 모델을 구하고 모델을 이용하여 과도해석하는 프로그램을 개발하였다.

In this paper characteristics of the Ebers-Mull , charge control and Linvill iumped models are reviewed. A 1%eery for systematically modeling solid state device by F.A Lind helm and D. J. Hamilton is discussed in detail. Nonlinear and linear modeds for the junction field effect transistor are derived from the systematic modeling theory. Computer program for the transient analysis is develooped and application of the program to the RC amplifler shows guod results.

The feasibility of the reduction of nortricyclanone (1) as a chemical probe for testing the proposed radical mechanism for NAD-dependent horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH) reactions has been examined using computer graphics modeling. The resutls of this study suggest that the radical ring-opening of this probe molecule may involve too substantial a geometry reorganization for the molecule to serve as a chemical probe in detecting the possible presence of the radical intermediates in the HLADH reactions. This result suggests that one should exercise caution in extrapolating results obtained from chemically based radical probes in the solution phase to the topologically constrained systems such as enzyme-substrate reactions.

A computer-aided simulation modeling system has been developed to allow the automatic construction of complete discrete simulation models for queueing systems. Three types of knowledge are used in the specification and construction of a simulation modeling: Knowledge of queueing system, simulation modeling, and a target simulation language. This knowledge has been incorporated into the underlying rule base in the form of extraction and construction rule, and implemented via the expert system building tool, OPS5. This paper suggested a knowledge based approach for automatic programming to enable a user who lacks modeling knowledge and simulation language expertize to quickly build executable models.