Earticle

In this paper, durability verification of forged wheels for automobiles were performed using the finite element method for bending fatigue analysis and impact analysis. In addition, the durability analysis environment of forged wheels was implemented. By analyzing the stress distribution on the surface of the forged wheel, the area with a high possibility of breakage was identified and improved. The durability analysis of the initial model forged wheel was performed by bending fatigue analysis and impact analysis, The stress distribution of the forged wheel surface was analyzed through the analysis results of the initial model. and the spokes, flanges, hubs, and rear parts are less likely to be damaged were cut to reduce the weight by about 10%, and the reliability of the improved model was confirmed.

Recently, the demand for reliability verification is increasing while designing and manufacturing molds using injection molding computer aided engineering(CAE). When performing flow analysis verification, a spiral mold is produced and compared with CAE. Because of the spiral shape, we needed a comparative evaluation with the flow distance of products with different forms. So, we compared the weight and flowed length using CAE. Variables are the change in the width of the spiral shape and the shape of the bar and plate. When the width of the spiral shape is 23mm rather than 15mm, the flow distance flows 30∼70mm more, with a maximum difference of 13%. As a result of comparing the spiral shape and the long square shape with the same width, the spiral shape had a flow distance of 60 to 105mm further, and a difference of up to 28% was found. As a result of comparing the plate shape and the spiral shape with a 15mm width product, the spiral shape has a flow distance of 310∼380mm further, and a difference of up to 82% is different.

The vehicle weight and alternative light materials development like aluminum alloys are hot issues around the world. In order to obtain the goal of the weight reduction of automobiles, the researches about lighter and stronger suspension links have been studies without sacrificing the safety of automotive components. Therefore, in present study, the structure analysis of the torque strut links made by aluminum alloys (A356) was performed by using CAE (computer aided engineering) to investigate the light weight design process from the reference of the rear suspension torque strut link which was made by STKM11A steel and was already proven in the commercial market. Especially, the simulated maximum von Mises stresses after strength analysis were normalized as fatigue limit and these were converted to the WF (weight factor) of the same type as the fatigue safety factor suggested and named like that in present study. From these, it was suggested that the fatigue properties of the torque strut could be simply predicted only from this static CAE simulation.

In order to obtain the goal of the weight reduction of automobile components, the researches about lighter and stronger wheel carriers have been studied without sacrificing the safety of them. In this study, the weight reduction design process of wheel carrier could be proposed based on the variation of von-Mises stress contour by substituting an AA6061 (aluminum 6061 alloy) having tensile strength of 310 MPa grade instead of FCD600 Irons. From the stress analysis results before and after design modification, the stress relaxation was done at every given loading conditions. Therefore, it could be reached that this approach method could be well established and be contributed for light-weight design guide and the optimum design conditions of the automotive wheel carrier development.

In this paper, a novel tissue engineering scaffold design method based on triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) is proposed. After generating the hexahedral elements for a 3D anatomical shape using the distance field algorithm, the unit cell libraries composed of triply periodic minimal surfaces are mapped into the subdivided hexahedral elements using the shape function widely used in the finite element method. In addition, a heterogeneous implicit solid representation method is introduced to design a 3D (Three-dimensional) bio-mimetic scaffold for tissue engineering from a sequence of computed tomography (CT) medical image data. CT image of a human spine bone is used as the case study for designing a 3D bio-mimetic scaffold model from CT image data.

Powder Injection Molding (PIM) has recently been recognized as an advanced manufacturing technology for low-cost mass production of metal or ceramic parts of complicated geometry. With this regards, design technology of dental scaler tip PIM mold, which has complex shape, with the help of computer-aided analysis for powder injection molding process was developed. Compter aided analysis results, such as filling pattern, weldline formation, and air vent position prediction were investigated and eventually showed good agreements with experimental results.

본 연구는 적응적 요소망을 사용한 유한요소법으로 해석된 2차원 문제를 전산을 활용한 구조공학 교육의 중요한 부분으로 활용하는 대요를 제시한다. 적응적 요소망 형성방법에서는 비교적 간단한 요소의 대표 변형률 값을 사용하였고 유한요소법으로는 광범위하게 활용되고 있는 변위법을 사용하였다. 적용한 예제는 기본 역학의 대표적인 문제인 집중 하중을 받는 캔틸레버보와 중앙에 원형 구멍을 갖은 평판 인장 문제이다. 교육 대요와 예제는 적응적 요소망을 사용한 유한요소법이 전산을 활용한 구조공학 교육에 중요한 부분이 될 수 있는 것을 보여준다.

A simple outline for teaching adaptive scheme based finite element method for planar problems as a part of computer aided teaching of structural engineering curriculum is presented. Displacement based finite element formulation for planar problems and representative strain value based adaptive scheme for mesh generation are considered. As examples, a cantilever beam with a concentrated load treated as a planar problem and stretching of a plate with a circular hole are analyzed with displacement based finite element method with adaptive meshes. The examples and outlines show how adaptive based finite element method may become an essential part of computer aided teaching of structural engineering.

기존 STKM11A steel 소재로 설계된 자동차용 텐션링크를 인장강도 245 MPa인 알루미늄 합금(A356) 소재로 대체하기 위한 경량화 설계 과정이 인장, 굽힘 및 비틀링 강성의 변화 측면에서 연구하였다. 부품들의 안전성을 희생시키지 않고 자동차 부품 경량화를 이루기 위해 많은 연구자들이 보다 가볍고 강한 서스펜션 링크들에 관한 연구를 진행해 왔다. 기존 I-빔 형태의 단면을 지닌 링크는 특별한 방향에 대하여 약한 단점이 있을 수 있으므로 경량화 이후에도 모든 방향의 하중을 견딜 수 있는 최적의 링크부품 형상을 연구하였다. 다양한 형태의 링크들을 설계 및 분석하여 최적의 형상을 얻을 수 있었다. 최적화된 설계는 경량화 이전 steel 소재로 설계된 링크보다 40% 이상 경량화 시킬 수 있었으며 이를 통해 텐션링크 개발의 안전한 경량화 설계조건을 제시할 수 있었다.

The weight reduction design process of tension links could be studied based on the variation of tension, bending and torsional stiffness after substituting STKM11A steels with aluminum alloys (A356) with tensile strength of 245 MPa. The existed I-beam type link component may have a weak point for loads applied from a special direction. Therefore, it was investigated to the optimal shape of the link component that could withstand loads from all directions and at the same time reduce weight. Various types of link shapes were designed and analyzed, and the optimized shape was found. The optimized design can reduce over 40% of the original steel link weight, and it could be suggested for light-weight design guides and safe design conditions for the development of tension links.

알루미늄 합금과 같은 경량소재의 적용을 통한 무게 감소는 연료절감과 대기 오염 감소에 기여할 수 있다. 알루미늄 합금 재료는 피로수명에 대한 강도 측면에서 철강(steel) 소재에 비하여 취약한 단점을 가지고 있다. 부품들의 안전성을 희생시키지 않고 자동차 부품 경량화를 이루기 위해 많은 연구자들이 보다 가볍고 강한 서스펜션 링크들에 관한 연구를 진행해 왔다. 본 연구에서는 기존 STKM11A 철강소재로 설계된 토크 스트럿을 245 MPa의 인장강도 소재인 알루미늄 합금(A356) 소재로 대체하기 위한 경량화 설계 과정에 대하여 von-Mises 응력 변화를 분석하여 연구하였다. 최적화된 설계는 경량화 이전 강재로 설계된 링크보다 42% 이상 경량화 시킬 수 있었으며 이는 토크 스트럿 개발의 안전한 경량화 설계조건 및 경량화 설계에 대한 가이드에 참고가 될 수 있을 것이다.

Savings in weight using lightweight materials such as aluminum alloy can lead to increase fuel economy. However, compared to steel, aluminum alloys have a lower strength for an equivalent life cycle. To reduce the weight of automobiles, research is being performed on the fabrication of lighter and stronger torque struts without having to sacrifice the safety of automotive components. In this study, a weight reduction design process for torque struts is proposed that is based on varying von-Mises stress contours using an aluminum alloy (A356) having a tensile strength of 245 MPa, instead of STKM11A steels. The optimized design can reduce the weight of the original steel torque strut by over 42% and it can contribute to the design of light-weight components and to the safe design of torque struts.

수퍼컴퓨터의 발전속도는 반도체 및 메모리의 급진적인 개발로 인해 날로 가속화되어 가고 있다. 90년대 말에는 화합물반도체 \ulcorner 신소재의 등장으로 연산속도가 더욱 빨라질것으로 추정 되며 메모리도 400GB의 용량을 가진 수퍼폼퓨터가 출현할 것으로 예측된다. 1993년 1월에 Hitachi는 세계 최초로 원자규모(한원자에 한비트) 메모리 개발에 성공하여 21세기에 실용화를 목표로 하고 있다. UR의 타결과 더불어, 각국의 무역장벽이 높아지고 지적 소유권 보호가 강 화됨에 따라 첨단기술의 도입이 점차 어려워지는 현재 시점에서, 급속히 발전되어 가는 최첨단의 수퍼컴퓨터를 효과적으로 활용해야 할 필요성이 더욱 증가하고 있다. 따라서 수퍼컴퓨터의 활용 및 첨단 CAE 기술의 개발을 통하여 국내 연구개발 수준을 선진국 대열로 높이고, 국내 산업 계의 고품질 신제품 개발 및 생산성 향상을 유도하여 국산제품의 국제 경쟁력을 제고해야 할 것이다.

Two shot molding is one of the injection method which uses two materials or two color materials simultaneously in one mold. Two shot molding is good rate of productivity and economical because of no extra-progress necessary. The cowl grille is located in the bottom of wind shield glass and rolls as a passage of air inlet to inside of vehicle. It consists of body and seal. Firstly, the body is injected with PP. Next seal is extruded with EPDM and engineered and then assembled with body. These procedures lead high cost of production and the quality of part has problems. Therefore, it has effects on saving production cost and being a solution of the quality problems with the development of two shot molding cowl grille. It is guaranteed that two shot molding will be widely used in the vehicle parts industry afterwards.

Lower arm for automobile has been made in steel traditionally. Nowadays steel is being substituted fur aluminum to reduce weight of automobile. Widely applied production method of aluminum component has been casting processes or cast/forging processes. But casting or cast/forging processes have limits of application to parts which is required high strength durability like automotive component. In this research, hot forging process has been adopted to produce aluminum lower arm to ensure required mechanical properties. To reduce production cost, 2 pieces with 1 blow process was developed. Optimization and verification of hot forging process for aluminum lower arm was performed by computer aided engineering using finite volume methods.