Earticle

This study quantitatively analyzed the effect of ceiling height on the response time of rate of rise heat detectors. A 7 m × 5 m simulation model was constructed using the PyroSim program, and scenarios were conducted by varying the installation height from 4.0 m to 7.5 m in 0.5 m increments. A wooden pallet fire source, placed at a height of 1.22 m, was simulated. The simulation results showed that as the installation height increased, the response time was delayed from 155.6 seconds to 204.6 seconds a difference of approximately 49 seconds. Meanwhile, the activation temperature decreased from 50.4 ℃ to 43.4 ℃, representing a drop of about 7 ℃. These findings indicate that in structures with higher ceilings, the responsiveness of detectors may be compromised due to the delayed arrival of hot air flows. Therefore, current height based installation standards in prescriptive design should be re-evaluated for high ceiling structures. Complementary design measures such as optimized placement, detector type selection, and increased installation density are recommended.

Recently the Urban Maintenance Project became the one of representative methods to renew the Deteriorated Residential Areas including the joint redevelopment policy. However, single family housing and multi-family housing areas were eliminated rapidly by increasing apartment preference and characteristics of the joint redevelopment. Furthermore, the urban maintenance has been delayed the effects of building density and height regulation in landscape zone and height ceiling zone to preserve the natural environment and landscape. To accomplish public purposes, this study compared existing development methods with economical effects of the self-maintainability and analyzed the economical effects after reflecting the characteristics of landscape zone and height ceiling zone. In this study, the analysis result shows that NPV became '-' value if 5th floor, 20m regulating and that NPV increased if 7th floor, 28m regulating but relatively low value compare to the self-maintainability and the block maintenance. This study aimed to suggest the necessity of public funding for the self maintenance and improvement of perception on benefits from redevelopment project as landscape districts or maximum height districts changes to the housing redevelopment zone.

본 연구는 공간이 사람의 마음을 바꾸는지, 바뀐 마음이 행동까지 변화시킬 수 있는지에 대한 호기심에서 출발하 였다. 특히현대인이즐겨찾는카페실내공간의건축적특성중통유리창문과높은천장이그공간내소비자 들의 감각과 인지에 영향을 미치고, 자아에 대한 인식에도 영향을 미쳐, 결국 달라진 자아를 통해 달라진 행동을 유도할 것인지를 밝히는 데 목적을 두었다. 구체적으로, 높은 천장과 통유리 창문의 존재가 형성하는 감각적 지 각이어떠한상징적연상과체화된인지로연결되는지, 그결과자기자아에대한인식에어떤현상이발생하는 지를 순차적으로 살펴보고, 최종적으로 그 같은 마음의 변화가 공정무역커피의 구매, 서비스 제공자 및 다른 고 객에 대한 도움 행동 등과 같은 윤리적 소비자행동을 증가시킬 것인지를 실험연구를 통해 밝혔다. 기초분석 결과, 통유리 창문이 있거나 천장이 높은 카페에서 일반커피대비 공정무역커피 구매의도가 유의하게 증가하였다. 이어 천장과 창문의 특정 조건이 지각된 개방성에 영향을 미치고, 지각된 개방성이 자아의 도덕정체 성 자각에 영향을 미치며 그 결과 공정무역커피의 구매행동이 증가하는 심리적 매개과정을 설정한 연구모형을 검 증하였다. 통유리 창문은 지각된 개방성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤으나, 높은 천장은 창문과의 상호작용을 통해서만 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 창문에 의해 개방감을 높게 느낀 소비자가 자신의 도덕정체성을 더 높게 자각하 는 현상이 관찰되었고, 도덕정체성을 높게 자각할수록 공정무역커피의 상대적 구매의도가 유의하게 증가하였다. 그런데, 실험 결과 창문과 달리 천장의 공정무역커피 구매행동 유발과정을 설명하는 데는 제안된 매개모형이 유효하지 않은 것으로 판명되었다. 이에 따라 천장 높이가 공정무역커피 구매행동에 미치는 심리적 매개과정을 설명하기 위한 후속연구를 수행하였다. 후속연구에서는 높은 천장의 효과에 대해 높은 천장이 유발하는 지각된 자유와 자아확장감을 매개변수로 포함한 새로운 연구 모형을 설정하였다. 앞서 제안된 연구모형과 후속연구에서 제안한 연구모형은 모두 공간의 ‘건축적 특성 자극 → 체화된 인지 → 가변적 자아개념 → 윤리적 소비자행동’의 연쇄작용을개념적구조로두고있다. 앞선실험에서사용된자극중창문이없고천장높이만고/저로조작한 카페 디자인 이미지 2점을 사용하여 천장의 효과에 대한 후속실험을 진행한 결과, 높은 천장이 지각된 자유를 높 이고, 자유감이 상승하면서 자아확장감이 증대되어 윤리적 소비자행동이 증가할 것이라는 매개경로가 검증되었 다. 즉, 천장이 높을수록 지각된 자유 및 자아확장감이 상승하여, 공정무역커피구매, 직원에 대한 건설적 제안행 동, 다른 고객에 대한 도움행동 등 다양한 측면에서 윤리적 소비자행동이 모두 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 두 연 구에서 심리적 메커니즘으로 설정한 매개경로는 모두 부분매개모형으로 판명되었다. 두 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 이론적.관리적 시사점을 도출하였고 연구의 한계와 향후 연구과제에 대해서도 논의하였다.

This study begins with the curiosity about whether an architectural elements of a space can change human mind and the mind subsequently can change one’s behavior. By conducting experiments, the study investigated how big glass windows and a high ceiling would affect the human senses and self-perceptions, which in turn lead to behavioral changes such as increased purchasing intention of fair trade coffee, value co-creating and helping behavior. Specifically, the study examined how consumers’ implicit sensory perceptions formed by the presence of big glass windows or a high ceiling in a cafe would be connected to metaphoric associations and shape embodied cognitions such as perceived openness or perceived freedom. The study tested whether these embodied cognitions could subsequently influence one’s self-perception, which would lead to increased ethical consumer behavior. The research models are built on the conceptual structure of psychological mediation process which is ‘architectural stimuli → embodied cognition → malleable self-concept → ethical consumer behavior.’ We investigated whether ceiling height and windows would influence consumer’s perceived openness, then perceived openness would influence one’s moral identity, and the increased perception of one’s moral identity would finally influence purchase intention of fair trade coffee. The results indicated that purchase intention of fair trade coffee was significantly increased compared to that of regular coffee when consumers were in a cafe with big glass windows or high ceilings. Glass windows had a significant positive effect on perceived openness, while high ceilings had a significant effect only through the interaction with windows. We conclude that a consumer who feels a sense of openness through the windows in a cafe, tends to perceive higher moral identity, and a consumer who perceives higher moral identity tends to show higher purchase intention of fair trade coffee over regular coffee. The mediation model turned out to be significant only in the condition of big glass windows. To explain the effects of high ceiling, a subsequent study was conducted with a new mediation model. The model included constructs of perceived freedom and self-expansion as mediators on the paths from ceiling height to ethical consumer behavior. The mediation paths of the model represented that a high ceiling would raise perceived freedom, and increased sense of freedom would increase self-expansion, thereby increasing ethical consumer behavior. The analysis revealed that the mediation model was significant. In other words, the higher the ceiling, the higher the perceived freedom and self-expansion, and resulting in increased ethical consumer behavior such as purchase intention of fair trade coffee, constructive suggestions to employees, and helping behaviors for other customers. In both studies, partial mediation models were supported. Based on the findings, theoretical and managerial implications were drawn and also limitations and future research directions were discussed.

PMV and ADPI were numerically investigated in a large space of various ceiling height with air-conditioning systems of two type. The numerical results showed that it is small that the growth of cooling load according to ceiling height rise in a large space without windows. In case of system air-conditioner of duct type embedded in the ceiling, the air mixing effect in indoor is superior to a case installed 4way cassette type in it. For controling thermal comfort at indoor, a system air-conditioner of duct type embedded in the ceiling is little influenced according to ceiling height rise in a large space considered.