Earticle

In the year 1755, Qing Dynasty destroyed nomadic state ‘Jungar[準噶爾]’ of Northern Xinjiang[北疆] which is located in the northern area of Tian Shan Mountains[天山山脈] of Xinjiang. In succession, Qing Dynasty conquered southern Xinjiang[新疆] completely and settled present Xinjiang. Eventually, Qing Dynasty built a great empire unprecedented in history. But northern Xinjiang region was a strategically important place which Russia had aimed at continuously. It was not only a fine pasture which nomadic tribes who has refused to yield to Qing Dynasty, such as Kazakh [哈薩克] and Kirghiz[黠戞斯, 布魯特], had watched an opportunity to occupy but also a trade road connected to central Eurasia by way of Steppe Route. Hence, it was a strategically important place which Qing Dynasty absolutely never gave up and wanted to keep preserving by all means. Qing Dynasty recruited many soldiers from the other places and immigrants who had to do the duty of cultivating a Garrison Farm[屯田], maintaining their fort[駐防], and executing rotation defence[換防] in order to defend northern Xinjiang looked like a vacant land. As the target of supplementaries, the tribes of Tungus descent and Mongolian lineage were chosen. The tribes of these Tungus descent are Evenki[鄂溫克], Orochon[鄂倫春], Dagbur[達斡爾], and Xibe[錫伯]. These Tribes are generally called as solon. Mongolian descendants include minor Mongolian tribes as well as Chakhar[察哈爾] and Oirad[額魯特].

Based on “An Acoustic Parameter Database of Dagur Language” and analysis of Formats (F1, F2) of short vowels of initial syllable in Newen sub-dialect of Butha dialect of Dagur language and applying both qualitative and quantitative analysis approaches, this paper presents short vowels’ characteristics and pattern. Research results indicate that this sub-dialect has five short vowels (/?, ?, i, o, u/) in the initial syllable. In the front-back dimension, these vowels can be divided into front vowel ([i]), middle vowel ([?, ?]) and back vowel ([o, u]). In the high-low dimension, these vowels can be divided into high vowel ([i], [u]), mid-high vowel ([?, o]) and low vowel ([?]). In terms of lip shape, they can be divided into flat lip vowel ([?, ?, i]) and rounded lip vowel ([o, u]). In summary, in the initial syllable, short vowels of Newen sub-dialect of Butha dialect of Dagur language demonstrate that they are distributed evenly in acoustic chart with the center of vowel [?].