Earticle

Control of postural balance, which is the most important function in dancing, is maintained by vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive inputs. Improvement of postural balance function by dance learning was evaluated in 15 middle school girls aged between 12-13. Experimental groups were divided into training group (n=15) and nontraining control group (n=15). Experimental group was trained by the programmed dancing for 12 weeks, 45 min/day and 5 days/week. Gain of eye movement(peak velocity of eye movement/peak velocity of rotatory stimulus) was measured in sinusoidal rotation at frequency of 0.01 - 0.64 Hz(VOR), visual vestibular stimulation (VVOR), optokinetic stimulation(OKN), and visual fixation(VFX). Capability of balance including rotation, flexibility, expressivity, rhythmicity, and rapidity was significantly improved in training group compared with control group. Comparing control group, the training group showed significant decrease at below 0.04 Hz and but no significant difference at above 0.08 Hz of stimulation frequency for gain change of VOR test. Change gain of VVOR test was the similar pattern to VOR test in 2 groups, 45 min a day and 5 days per week for 12 weeks. Gain in OKN and VFX test was not significant difference between experimental and control groups. These results suggest that the programmed training for dancing improves control of postural balance by adaptation of the vestibular function, and the training is effective on improvement of the vestibular function.

Objective To identify the potential predictors of ambulatory function in subacute stroke patients, and to determine the contributing factors according to gait severity. Methods Fifty-three subacute stroke patents were enrolled. Ambulatory function was assessed by gait speed and endurance. Balance function was evaluated by the Berg Balance Scale score (BBS) and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). The isometric muscular strengths of bilateral knee extensors and flexors were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Cardiovascular fitness was evaluated using an expired gas analyzer. Participants were assigned into the household ambulator group (<0.4 m/s) or the community ambulator group (≥0.4 m/s) based on gait severity.Results In the linear regression analyses of all patients, paretic knee isometric extensor strength (p=0.007) and BBS (p<0.001) were independent predictors of gait endurance (R2=0.668). TUG (p<0.001) and BBS (p=0.037) were independent predictors of gait speed (R2=0.671). Paretic isometric extensor strength was a predictor of gait endurance (R2=0.340, p=0.008). TUG was a predictor of gait speed (R2=0.404, p<0.001) in the household ambulator group, whereas BBS was a predictive factor of gait endurance (R2=0.598, p= 0.008) and speed (R2=0.713, p=0.006). TUG was a predictor of gait speed (R2=0.713, p=0.004) in the community ambulator group.Conclusion Our results reveal that balance function and knee extensor isometric strength were strong predictors of ambulatory function in subacute stroke patients. However, they work differently according to gait severity. Therefore, a comprehensive functional assessment and a different therapeutic approach should be provided depending on gait severity in subacute stroke patients.

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the effects of visual cue deprivation balance training by applying head control feedback to the balance function and the fall index in older people. Methods: The study was conducted on 26 older people at the S Hospital in Gyeongsansi. The patients were randomly divided into the experimental groupI (EGI, n=9), the experimental groupII (EGII, n=9), and the control group (CG, n=8). The three groups were trained for 30 minutes three times a week for four weeks. To assess the patients' static balance function, their limits of stability (LOS) was measured using the BioRescue system, (RM Ingenierie, France), composed of a pressure platform that can measure force in diverse ways, a computer, and a monitor. The dynamic balance function was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Also, the fall index was measured to evaluate the risk of falling. A paired t-test was performed to compare pre- and post-training performance within the groups. One-way ANOVA was performed for comparing the three groups. A post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test was also performed. Results: The results of the LOS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI and EGII groups (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). The results of the BBS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI group (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). Conclusion: Visual cue deprivation balance training applying head control feedback is effective in improving the dynamic balance function in older people. It is also necessary to constantly maintain the head orientation by feedback and to properly control the head movement.

Objective: The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality combined with balance training on upper limb function, balance, and activities of daily living (ADL) in persons with acute stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fourteen acute stroke survivors were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups: the experimental group (n=7) and the control group (n=7). Both groups performed the conventional rehabilitation therapy for 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. Additionally, the experimental group conducted the virtual reality training for 30 minutes on an unstable surface during each session, whereas the control group performed balance training for 30 minutes on a stable surface. All measurements were performed before and one day after intervention. Upper limb function, balance, and ADL were assessed using the Manual Function Test (MFT), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), respectively. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in MFT, BBS, K-MBI after intervention (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the experimental and control groups with respect to MFT, BBS, and K-MBI after intervention. The experimental group showed a greater decrease in fall risk (BBS<45) after intervention than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that virtual reality combined with balance training has a better effect on balance improvement than virtual reality training alone in persons with acute stroke.

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of four weeks of gaze stabilization exercises and balance training on the static and dynamic balance functions. METHODS: The study was an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted at Daegu University in South Korea. Thirty subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected and divided randomly into three groups containing ten each. The first group received balance exercises with gaze stabilizing exercises (BGG). The second group received a balance exercise (BEG), and the third group received gaze-stabilizing exercise (GEG). Each group exercised for 40 minutes, three times a week for four weeks. The subjects were asked to complete the following static balance test: 1) one-leg standing test, 2) sharpened Romberg test, dynamic balance test, 3) Y-balance test, and 4) single-leg stand-squat-stand test. The static and dynamic balance were measured before and after four weeks to determine the effect of exercise on balance. RESULTS: The static (OLS and SRT) and dynamic (YBT and SST) balance tests showed significant differences in the surface and length of the three groups (p < .05), and the y-balance score effect size, 11.477 (p < .05), was improved significantly. On the other hand, the change in BGG value was larger than those of BEG and GEG, and the improvements in balance control were the most significant. CONCLUSION: After four weeks of exercise, BGG showed the best improvement in static and dynamic balance, suggesting that this specific type of gaze stabilization exercise with balance exercise may benefit healthy young adults.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a multicomponent exercise program on cognitive function, balance, and psychological factors in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Design: Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Thirty-four older adults with MCI participated in this study. Participants were assigned to either the experimental (n=17) or control (n=17) groups using a convenience allocation method. The control group participated in a general program at a senior welfare center, whereas the experimental group participated in a general and multicomponent exercise program.All interventions were conducted thrice weekly for 60 min per session over 6 weeks. The effects were assessed before and after the intervention using the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version (MMSE-K), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG), EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D), and Geriatric Depression Scale-Korean version (GDS-K). Between-group differences before and after the intervention were analyzed using an independent t-test, and within-group differences were examined using a paired t-test. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in MMSE-K, TUG, and EQ-5D scores after the intervention (p<0.05). In addition, the experimental group showed significant improvements in the MMSE-K, BBS, TUG, EQ-5D, and GDS-K scores compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: A multicomponent exercise program can effectively improve cognitive function, balance, and psychological factors in older adults with MCI.

Objective: Body awareness therapy (BAT) is a therapeutic approach aimed at enhancing sensoriy-motor integration, postural control, and body awareness through mindful movements and proprioceptive feedback. This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of BAT in improving physical function, balance, and gait performance in patients with stroke and its potential application in rehabilitation programs. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published between their inception and the most recent update. Studies assessing the effect of BAT on balance, gait performance, and physical function in patients with stroke were included. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool was used to assess the study quality. Quantitative analysis employed a random-effects model with the standardized mean difference (SMD) as the effect measure. Results: Of the 69 identified studies, five, involving 280 patients with stroke, were included. The BAT interventions targeted physical function, balance, and gait performance. The meta-analysis revealed significant improvements in physical function (SMD = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20-2.11) and balance (SMD = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.68-1.36) compared to control conditions. However, the effect on gait performance was not statistically significant (SMD = -1.24, 95% CI: -2.54-0.07). High heterogeneity was observed in gait performance. Conclusions: BAT shows significant potential for improving physical function and balance in patients with stroke, supporting its use in rehabilitation programs. Further high-quality studies using standardized protocols are required to clarify their effects on gait performance.

Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of respiratory muscle training on respiratory function, balance, and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with stroke. Methods: The study included 21 patients with stroke, divided into the experimental group and control group. Both groups underwent traditional physical therapy once a day for 30 minutes, five times weekly for 6 weeks. The experimental group underwent additional respiratory muscle training once a day, five times a week during the study period. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), Berg balance scale (BBS), and Korean-modified Barthel index (K-MBI) were measured before and after the study period. For statistical analysis, paired t-test was used to compare the difference between the pre and post values. Independent t-test was used compare the differences between groups. Results: Both groups had significantly improved MIP, MEP, BBS, and K-MBI scores after the study period. The experimental group had significantly improved MIP, MEP, BBS, and K-MBI scores. Conclusion: These results suggest that respiratory muscle training improves respiratory function, balance, and ADL in patients with stroke.

Purpose: This study reviewed the literature to determine the effects of clinical applicability of virtual reality (VR) on the upper limb function, balance, and gait ability of chronic stroke patients. Methods: A literature review was conducted on domestic journals published from 2010 to 2025. The journals were divided into three categories based on the physical function: upper limb function, balance, and gait ability. Thirty-five journals were ultimately included, and PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes) was used for systematic analysis. Results: Among the 35 journals, 30 reported using a non-immersive VR intervention for the upper-limb function, balance, and gait ability. The others used an immersive VR intervention for only the upper-limb function. Regarding the functions, 16, five, two, four, and eight journals covered only the upper limb function, only balance, only gait ability, both upper limb function and balance, and both balance and gait ability, respectively. Most studies reported that VR intervention could improve the functions, including the upper limb, balance, and gait. Only one study reported no significant improvement in either balance or gait ability. Conclusion: VR intervention would help improve the upper limb function, balance, and gait ability in patients with chronic stroke.

Purpose: Pneumoconiosis is a chronic lung disease in which the lungs become hardened due to the accumulation of fine mineral dust that has been breathed in at industrial sites. The lungs are unable to function properly, resulting in complications of several respiratory diseases. Methods: The subjects were 36 elderly adults (pneumoconiosis patients 18, healthy elderly 18) over the age of 65 years. The respiratory function was assessed using a spirometer to measure forced vital capacity (FVC), first second of forced expiration (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, and peak expiratory flow n(PEF). The static balance function test was determined by the center of mass (COM), ankle angle range, hip angle range, sway parameters, and reciprocal compensatory index (RCI). Cognitive function was measured by applying MoCA-k. Results: Comparison of respiration functions between the two groups showed statistically significant differences in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEFs (p<0.05). Cognitive abilities showed statistically significant differences due to higher cognitive skills in the control group as compared to the patient group (p<0.05). Most results of the static balance capability measurements showed statistically significant differences between the groups (p<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were obtained for COM AP Range, Angle AP Range, RCI ML Range, and AP Range (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate that patients suffering from pneumoconiosis have less cognitive ability and balance function as compared to healthy elderly people. Therefore, we expect an improvement in the balance ability and cognitive function through systematic management and strengthening lung function training to improve the quality of life of pneumoconiosis patients.

Objective To assess the efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on balance function in patients with chronic stroke.Methods Thirty participants with chronic stroke were enrolled in this study. High frequency (10 Hz) rTMS was delivered with butterfly-coil on trunk motor spot. Each patient received both real and sham rTMS in a random sequence. The rTMS cycles (real or sham) were composed of 10 sessions each, administered over two weeks, and separated by a 4-week washout period. Balance function was measured by Berg Balance Scale and computerized dynamic posturography to determine the effect of rTMS before and one day after the end of each treatment period, as well as at a 1-month follow-up.Results The balance function was significantly improved after high frequency rTMS as compared with that after sham rTMS (p<0.05). There was no serious adverse effect in patients during the treatment period. Conclusion In the chronic stroke patients, high frequency rTMS to the trunk motor area seems to be a helpful way to improve balance function without any specific adverse effects. Further studies are needed to identify the underlying mechanism and generate a detailed protocol.

Objective: Children with cerebral palsy often exhibit limitations in gross motor function, balance, and gait due to neuromuscular impairments. This study aimed to investigate the effects of virtual reality-based treadmill training while wearing a therasuit on gross motor function, balance, and gait in children with cerebral palsy. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Eighteen children with cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=9) or a control group (n=9). The experimental group performed virtual reality-based treadmill training while wearing a therasuit, whereas the control group performed virtual reality-based treadmill training only. Both groups trained for 35 minutes per session, three times per week for four weeks. Gross motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), balance was evaluated using the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), and gait was assessed using the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) and the 2-Minute Walk Test (2MWT). Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in GMFM dimensions D and E, PBS scores, and 10MWT performance (p<0.05). The control group demonstrated significant improvements in GMFM dimension E, PBS scores, 10MWT, and 2MWT performance (p<0.05). Additionally, the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in GMFM dimension D and PBS scores (p<0.05). Conclusions: Virtual reality-based treadmill training while wearing a therasuit was effective in improving gross motor function and balance in children with cerebral palsy. These findings suggest that this intervention may be an effective rehabilitation strategy for improving motor function and balance in children with cerebral palsy.

PURPOSE: Stroke patients tend to avoid weight-bearing on the paretic limb, which results in asymmetrical gait patterns. This study examined the effects of gait training using a treadmill with an inclined surface on the affected side, which is designed to facilitate weight shifting toward the paretic limb, on gait and balance function. METHODS: Thirty chronic stroke patients were assigned randomly to either an experimental group or a control group (15 per group). Both groups received 30 minutes of neuro-developmental treatment. Following this, the experimental group received 25 minutes of treadmill-based gait training with affected side tilting, while the control group received 25 minutes of general treadmill training. The 10-Meter Walk Test, Functional Ambulation Category, Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the Lower Extremity, and GAITRite system were used to evaluate the gait ability. The Timed Up and Go test and Berg Balance Scale were used to assess balance ability. Interventions were conducted three times a week for four weeks, and all assessments were repeated post-intervention. RESULTS: Both groups showed significant improvements from the baseline in gait velocity, cadence, step time, and balance scores. The experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in the gait velocity, cadence, step time (affected and non-affected side), Timed Up and Go test, and Berg Balance Scale (p < .05). No significant between-group differences were observed in the 10-Meter Walk Test, Functional Ambulation Category, or Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Lower Extremity. CONCLUSION: Treadmill training with affected side tilting is effective in improving gait and balance because it facilitates weight shift toward the paretic limb. Therefore, it can be recommended as a beneficial intervention for gait rehabilitation with chronic stroke patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical feasibility of a newly developed, portable, gait assistive robot (WA-H, ‘walking assist for hemiplegia’) for improving the balance function of patients with stroke-induced hemiplegia. Methods Thirteen patients underwent 12 weeks of gait training on the treadmill while wearing WA-H for 30 minutes per day, 4 days a week. Patients’ balance function was evaluated by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl- Meyer Assessment Scale (FMAS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) before and after 6 and 12 weeks of training. Results There were no serious complications or clinical difficulties during gait training with WA-H. In three categories of BBS, TUGT, and the balance scale of SPPB, there was a statistically significant improvement at the 6th week and 12th week of gait training with WA-H. In the subscale of balance function of FMAS, there was statistically significant improvement only at the 12th week. Conclusion Gait training using WA-H demonstrated a beneficial effect on balance function in patients with hemiplegia without a safety issue.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the effect of gaze stabilization exercise with upper trapezius stretching on Muscle tone and Balance Function. METHODS: This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted at Daegu University, involving 30 participants with upper trapezius tension, who were randomly assigned equally to three groups. Experimental group 1 performed upper trapezius stretching and gaze stabilization exercises for 30 minutes per session. Experimental group 2 performed only gaze stabilization exercises, and the control group performed only upper trapezius stretching, each for 15 minutes per session. All groups exercised three times weekly for four weeks. Upper trapezius muscle tension, closed-eye single-leg stance, and Y-balance tests were measured before and after intervention. RESULTS: The EG1 and CG showed a significant reduction in muscle tone and upper trapezius stiffness, with no changes in elasticity. In contrast, the EG2 group exhibited an increase in muscle tone but no changes in stiffness or elasticity. Notably, EG1 was the most effective in improving muscle tone and stiffness. In terms of balance, both the EG1 and EG2 groups demonstrated positive changes in static COP displacement (movement area and speed), whereas the CG group showed improvements only in the movement area. No significant changes were observed in the YBT scores. CONCLUSION: This study found that combining gaze stabilization exercises with upper trapezius stretching effectively reduced muscle tension and improved static and dynamic balance, suggesting clinical benefits for enhancing postural control and vestibular rehabilitation.

Objective: This study compared the effect of lower limb function, balance and gait between robot-assisted gait training with and without rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) in hemiplegic stroke patients. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-one strokepatients were randomly divided to robot-assisted gait training with RAS (RGTR) group (n=15) and control group (n=16). Both groups undergone robot-assisted gait training and conservative exercise therapy for 30 minutes each, five times a week, for 4 weeks. The RGTR group additionally received RAS during the robot-assisted gait training. To analyze the effect of the training, Lower limb function was Fugl-Meyer assessment lower extremity, balance ability was stability index and Berg balance scale, and Gait ability was using gait parameters obtained using a gait analyzer (Zebris FDM-T system) were measured. Results: According to the training, the RGTR group showed of increased significantly in lower limb function, balance, and gait ability in the within-group before-after difference (p<0.05).In the between-group difference comparison, the RGTR group were significantly better improvements in the Berg balance scale of balance ability and among gait ability, all gait parameters except for cadence than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Thisstudy offer that robot-assisted gait training with RAS in performed together with conservative exercise therapy is an effective training method of improving balance and gait ability in hemiplegic stroke patients.

Objective: Degenerative knee arthritis is the most common disease that occurs in older people. Constriction-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has been reported to be as an effective treatment for the impairments, such as asymmetric weight-bearing and reduced balance that occurs after receiving a total knee replacement (TKR). Game-based rehabilitation training for persons with TKR is interesting and provides a variety of feedback. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-six subjects with TKR were randomly assigned to either the CIMT game training (n=12), general game training (n=12), or the control (n=12) group. Each group underwent twelve sessions (30 min/d, 3 d/wk for 4 weeks). In the CIMT game training group, the application of CIMT adjusted the weight of the pressure delivered from the two boards used in Wii games. In the general game training group, the game was played without adjusting the weight of pressure. The game training used the Wii Fit's Ski Slalom application. Subjects were assessed with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. Results: All three groups showed significant improvements in pain, stiffness and physical function, total WOMAC scores, and ABC scores after the intervention (p<0.05). Significant differences were observed in physical function, total WOMAC scores, and ABC scores of the CIMT game training group compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: The CIMT game training and general game training exhibited improvements on stiffness, but the CIMT game training exhibited a larger effect on lower extremity function and balance confidence levels.

Objective: This study was to investigate the effects of Task-oriented training for Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), gait and balance function in cerebral palsy. Design: Randomized controlled trials. Methods: Twenty four subjects were recruited by means of a convenience sampling from Kangseo-Gu G rehabilitation center. Subjects were 24 inpatients and were randomly divided into a task-oriented training group and a conventional group. Twelve patients were experimental group who executed the task-oriented training (5 times/wk) for 4 weeks. The task-oriented program mainly focused on the capabilities of independent walking, with the angle of inclination set at 0 degrees and walking at a self-selected comfortable speed. In addition, balance training included the one-legged standing with weight-shifting and task-oriented training. Twelve patients were control group who executed only general conventional therapy (5 times/wk) for 4 weeks. All subjects were evaluated about the motor function, gait and balance function. Subjects have conducted the measured variables, GMFM, GAITRite, PDM Multifunction Force Measuring Plate after treatment. Results: There was statistically significant increase of Gross Motor Function Measure scores of the experimental group and control group after 4 weeks (p<.05). There was statistically significant increase of gait and balance function of the experimental group after 4 weeks of task-oriented training (p<.05). The experimental group showed a significantly improvement in GMFM, gait, and balance compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study proved that task-oriented training after stroke can improve Gross Motor Function Measure, gait and balance. Thus this study can suggest that task-oriented training for gross motor function, gait and balance be effective on the cerebral palsy.

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore how using inspiratory training affects the respiratory function and balance of stroke patients. We also plan to compare the results with a control group that does not receive the intervention. Design: A Randomized Controlled Trial Methods: In this study, 27 chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to either a control group (n=14) or an experimental group (n=13). Both groups underwent six weeks of common interventions involving standard physiotherapy and treadmill training. Additionally, the experimental group received inspiratory training. Respiratory function and balance were evaluated using Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP), Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), Five times Sit-to-Stand (FTSTS), Seated Center of Pressure (S-COP), and Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests. Results: Respiratory function and balance were compared within each group before and after intervention. The experimental group, which received inspiratory training, showed significant improvements in FVC (0.26±0.18), FEV1 (0.35±0.32), MIP (11.54±12.39), PEF (1.12±1.52), and TUG (-3.39±2.45) compared to pre-intervention values (p<0.05). When comparing changes between groups post-intervention, the experimental group demonstrated significant increases in FVC, FEV1, MIP, PEF, and TUG compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in MEP, FTSTS, and S-COP. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate a positive effect of inspiratory training on chronic stroke patients. These findings suggest that with further research involving a larger sample size and enhanced intervention methods, inspiratory training could be employed positively in the rehabilitation of stroke patients.

Objective: The rehabilitation protocols for functional recovery have been emphasized after total knee arthroplasty, and Pilates is in the spotlight as a safe and easily modified exercise method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mat Pilates exercise on lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking in the individuals with total knee arthroplasty. Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Eighteen older women with unilateral total knee arthroplasty was recruited in the study. The subjects were evaluated on lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking before and after mat Pilates exercise. All subject performed one hour mat Pilates exercise, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Mat Pilates exercises were focused on core stability and lower extremity strengthening and, more dynamic movements were added to increase the difficulty of movements every two weeks. The lower extremity function was measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), knee joint position sense, and five times sit-to-stand test. Postural balance was assessed by single leg stance test, functional reach test, and timed up and go test. Walking was measured by OptoGait system to temporospatial parameter. Results: The lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking were significantly improved after mat Pilates exercise, except for five times sit-to-stand test (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the mat Pilates exercise was a useful method to improve lower extremity function, postural balance, and walking in the older women with unilateral total knee arthroplasty.