Earticle

The purpose of this study was to develop guidelines for sustainability of back-to-farm community village in 4 aspects; social environment, maintenance and management, regional environment, and economic environment. These 4 aspects, which count for sustainability, based on the comprehensive comparative analysis about items that field survey and literature suggested. Conclusions of guideline are of the following. The guidelines on social environment are developed by 3 items; resident participation and activity, village leader, decision making in village and person in charge of operation. The guidelines on maintenance and management are developed by 5 items; village operation system, village regulation, transparency of management, village operation expenses, and management type. The guidelines on regional environment are developed by 2 items; support by central and local government, and area projects and connection to regional resources. The guideline on economic environment is not developed due to low demands of based production facilities and income increase facilities.

연구의 목적은 연구자가 현장조사로 개발한 공동체마을 평가도구의 항목과 공동체마을관련 문헌에서 제시한 계획요소 중 생활환경적 측면과 사회환경적 측면의 각 항목에 대해 종합적으로 비교분석하여 귀촌형 공동체마을 조성을 위한 가이드라인을 개발하는 것이다. 생활환경적 측면의 가이드라인은 마을구조(적정규모, 대지, 세대당 옥외공간면적), 마을경관(배치방법, 단지 공간구성), 도로체계 및 교통이용 등(마을 내 주차장 구성, 버스정류장의 위치, 마을탐방로의 구성여부, 대중교통 접근성, 도로체계 및 보행체계), 공동생활시설과 공유공간(공동시설 보유 정도, 공동생활시설의 면적, 공동생활시설의 위치 및 배치, 공동생활시설 평면유형, 공동생활시설 계획), 전이공간, 개별주택(유형, 주거면적, 설계방식) 등 6가지로 구분하여 개발하였으며, 사회환경적 측면의 가이드라인은 마을조성 및 설립(주민참여개발 방식, 주민참여기법, 거주자 건축참여), 계획단계의 주민 교육 내용으로 구분하여 개발하였다.

In order to give back-to-farm residents the stable settlement environment in the rural area, the ‘community village’ is desirable as the village type and its village planning guideline should be supported as well. The purpose of this study was to develop a guideline for the planning of back-to-farm community village in the living and social environmental aspects, based on the comprehensive comparative analysis about items that field survey and literature suggested. The guideline for the living environment was developed for 6 items; village structure(adequate size, lot, outer space for household), village landscape(allocation, space composition), road system and transportation(parking lot in village, placement of bus stops, village trail, public transportation, road and pedestrian system), common living facilities and common space(number, size, location & placement, plan type, planning type of common facilities), transfer space, individual housing(type, size, planning type). The guideline for the social environment was developed for 3 items; village making and establishment(resident participation type, resident participation tool, residents' construction participation) and resident education in the course of planning, resident participation(gathering resident opinion, decision making, composition of construction committee, community newsletter).

본 연구는 대안학교가 귀촌형 공동체마을 형성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 앞으로의 귀농정책에 도움을 주고자 한다. 산청간디중학교는 전원형 대안학교이며 비인가, 기숙형학교이다. 간디학교는 교육과 생태마을을 접목한 교육생태학교를 표방하고 1999년부터 안솔기마을와 간디고등학교, 둔철마을과 어린이학교, 갈전마을과 간디중학교를 조성하였다. 이들은 퍼머컬쳐 개념을 바탕으로 한 생태마을을 조성하고 대안교육을 접목하였다. 이들은 ‘마을이 학교다’라는 개념으로 교육공동체를 이룬다. 학교는 마을과 연계가 잘 되어있어 마을의 문화, 경제, 교육 등 공동체의 소프트웨어를 제공하고 있다. 이것은 젊은 도시민들의 귀촌을 유도하고, 학교에 의한 유동인구는 지역경제에 활력을 주고 있다. 이는 전원마을조성보다 인구증가와 지역경제, 지역문화 활성화에도 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 지자체와 정부의 역할로는 대안학교와 연계한 마을조성과정에서의 행정편의와 대안학교를 지원할 수 있는 지자체 지원조례제정이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to suggest the necessity for change of return farmer support policy through the study of cases about effect of alternative school to construction of the community village. Sanchung Gandhi middle school is an rural alternative school, and is unauthorized boarding school. Since 1999, Gandhi school advocates Educo-village to combine education and eco-village. Gandhi village school is constructed eco-village which is based on the concept of 'Permaculture', and were combined alternative education. The school is connected with the village and are provided softwares like as culture, economy and education to community village. So, the school is induce the return to farming to young people in the city, and Floating population of alternative school is vitalized the local economy. Educo-village is more effective than a rural village development policy for retirees. Wherefore, the role of central and of the local government is necessary that to be support alternative school by establishment of local government assistance ordinance.