Earticle

This study investigated the effects of virtual reality-based breathing exercises on body mass index (BMI), thoracic mobility, and pulmonary function in healthy adults. A total of 44 healthy adults were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG, n=22) performing virtual reality-based breathing exercises or a control group (CG, n=22) performing conventional respiratory training, three times per week for four weeks. Assessments included BMI, thoracic circumference (upper, middle, lower), and pulmonary function tests: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. After the intervention, the EG showed a significant improvement in middle thoracic mobility compared to the CG (p<.05). No significant group differences were found for BMI, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, or other thoracic mobility measures (p>.05). These results suggest that virtual reality-based breathing exercises may improve middle thoracic mobility in healthy adults, though minimal effects were observed on pulmonary function and body composition. Further research with larger, more diverse samples and longer interventions is needed.

본 논문은 페이스북(Meta Platforms Inc.)의 ‘케임브리지 애널리티카 데이터 유출 사건’을 계기로 2018. 4. 미국 상원이 페이스북의 최고 경영자 마크 저커버그(Mark Zuckerberg)를 상대로 진행한 청 문절차에서 페이스북의 개인정보 유출에 따른 개인정보와 프라이버시 (Privacy) 보호를 비롯한 SNS 플랫폼의 제반 문제에 대하여 논의된 다양한 법적 쟁점과 향후 개인정보 법제의 규제 방향에 대하여 살펴보 았다. 먼저, 데이터 유출에 따른 개인정보 및 프라이버시 침해는 연방거래 위원회(FTC)의 Consent Order 2011 위반으로서 FTC의 법적제재 및 규제강화 논의, EU GDPR(General Data Protection Regulation)의 미국 적용 논의, 데이터 유출 시 통지제도, 사전 동의 (Opt-in) 적용 강화 및 이를 제도화하는 ‘Consent Act(Customer Online Notification for Stopping Edge-provider Network Transgressions Act)’ 법안, 온라인 정치 광고의 투명성과 책임성을 강화한 ‘Honest Ads Act(정직한 광고법)’ 법안, 그리고 ‘어린이 온라 인 사생활보호법(the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, COPPA)’ 등에 대하여 검토하였다. 또한, SNS에서 다양한 디지털 상호작용을 추적하는 Tracking에 관하여, Shadow Profiles, API 정책, 안드로이드 폰의 통화기록과 SMS 데이터 수집에 관한 문제, 디지털 환경에서 Tracking 방지의 기술적 한계에 따른 데이터 소유권 법제화, 통제권 강화, 이의제기 절 차 및 콘텐츠 관리정책 등의 문제를 살펴보고, 미래 개인정보 법제의 규제 방향으로서 규제강화 요구와 반론, 인공지능을 활용한 개인정보 및 프라이버시 보호에 대하여 검토하였다. 비록 개인정보 유출로 인한 피해는 막대했지만, 청문회를 통하여 SNS를 주도하는 글로벌 빅테크 산업의 다양한 문제점을 공론화함으 로써, 페이스북과 Tech 산업 전반, 정부와 민간, 사회 각계에서 개인 정보와 프라이버시에 관한 인식의 전환과 확대, 기술혁신의 긍정적이 고 발전적인 효과를 일으킨 점을 주목할 필요가 있다. 한국도 예외가 아니며, 개인정보보호에 관한 사회적 인식의 제고, 법 집행 기관의 국내외 산업을 구분하지 않는 적극적인 법집행으로 효 과적인 개인정보 보호와 관련 법제의 발전을 기대할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 청문회 이후에도 문제의 미해결 영역은 많이 존재하고, 이는 우리가 해결해야 할 사안이기에 청문절차에 나타난 주장들은 여전히 유효하다. 다만 본 논문은 종국적인 해결을 제시하기보다는 연구 능력 의 부족으로 인해 개인정보 및 프라이버시에 대한 기술적 침해 수단 및 방법, 그 미비점들을 제시하는데 연구의 주된 목적이 있으므로 깊 이 있는 논의 및 대안 제시에 이르지 못하였다. 향후 페이스북을 비롯한 SNS 플랫폼 Tech 기업의 데이터 수집과 사용에 따른 개인정보 보호와 프라이버시 보호 문제는 AI의 기술 발 전에 따른 역할 확대, 데이터 소유권과 통제권의 법제화 쟁점과 함께 규제와 혁신을 동시에 보장할 수 있는 합리적이고 발전적인 논의가 적 극적으로 이뤄져야 할 것이다.

This paper aims to examine various legal issues and future directions of personal data regulation that were discussed during the U.S. Senate hearing held in April 2018, following the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data breach. The hearing was convened to question Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook (now Meta Platforms Inc.), regarding the company’s handling of user data, the ensuing privacy violations, and broader systemic issues related to social networking platforms. First, the data breach and resulting infringements on personal information and privacy constituted a violation of the 2011 Consent Order issued by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Accordingly, this paper reviews the FTC’s legal sanctions and calls for stronger regulation, discussions on the potential applicability of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to U.S. entities, data breach notification requirements, the reinforcement of opt-in consent mechanisms as proposed in the “Consent Act” (Customer Online Notification for Stopping Edge-provider Network Transgressions Act), the “Honest Ads Act” aimed at enhancing transparency and accountability in online political advertisements, and the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). Additionally, the paper explores issues surrounding tracking technologies used on social networking services (SNS), such as shadow profiles, API policies, the collection of call and SMS data from Android phones, and the technical limitations of preventing tracking in digital environments. It addresses related concerns such as the legal codification of data ownership, the enhancement of user control rights, procedures for contesting content moderation decisions, and Facebook’s content governance policies. Furthermore, the study discusses regulatory trends, demands for stricter controls, opposing arguments, and the use of artificial intelligence in protecting privacy and personal data. Although the harm caused by the data breach was substantial, the hearing played a crucial role in bringing public attention to the structural issues of global big tech industries leading SNS platforms. It also sparked a shift in awareness across Facebook, the broader tech sector, governments, private sectors, and civil society regarding data privacy, ultimately encouraging constructive technological innovation. South Korea is no exception. The growing public awareness of personal data protection, coupled with proactive enforcement by regulatory authorities that do not distinguish between domestic and foreign industries, is expected to contribute to more effective safeguards for personal information and the further development of relevant legal frameworks. However, many unresolved issues remain even after the hearing. These issues continue to pose challenges that demand attention, and the arguments raised during the hearing are still valid. This paper does not attempt to offer conclusive solutions to these challenges. Rather, due to limitations in research capacity, its primary aim is to present the methods and shortcomings of technological intrusions into privacy and personal data, rather than to propose in-depth alternatives. Looking ahead, the issues of personal data collection and use by SNS platform tech companies such as Facebook must be addressed through active discussions on how to simultaneously ensure both regulation and innovation. These efforts must consider the expanding role of AI, the legislative issues concerning whether data ownership and user control rights should be legally established, and the need for a balanced and forward-looking regulatory framework.

The study aimed to determine the effect of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) on pain, lymphedema, range of motion (ROM), and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Nine patients after TKA participated in this study, and each participant received MLD therapy for 20 minutes per session, five times a week, for two weeks. The study participants had an average age of 71.33±5.14 years, with most being women, and an average body mass index of 28.32±2.31. Assessments of pain, lymphedema, range of motion, and ADL were conducted using the visual analog scale, lymphedema measurement, range of motion (ROM) assessment, and the Korean version of the modified Barthel index before and after the treatment. After the two-week intervention, patients experienced significant improvements in pain, lymphedema, ROM, and ADL (p<.05). These results suggest that MLD therapy improves pain, lymphedema, ROM, and ADL. This study demonstrates that MLD can have a positive effect on the recovery of TKA patients and provides valuable data for future research. Further studies with a larger number of participants and longer experimental durations are needed to strengthen these findings.

The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the effect of motor training on pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We searched and analyzed eight related studies published from January 1996 to December 2022 on domestic academic search sites. The result showed that exercise including balance training had a beneficial effect on pulmonary function, exercise tolerance and quality of life in patients with COPD. In addition, certain exercises such as home-based rehabilitation programs and unicycle riding have been found to be effective in improving cardiopulmonary function. Our study also highlights that the need for further study on the long-term effects of state-of-the-art exercise and pulmonary rehabilitation programs on the cost and effectiveness. In conclusion, exercise plays an important role in improving pulmonary function in patients with COPD, and continuos research should focus on optimizing exercise and conducting qualitative studies to better understand personal experiences of patients.

국내 창작 뮤지컬 시장이 활성화되고 있다. 시장의 규모가 도입기에서 성장기로 접어들고 있는 추세에 성숙기와 안정기를 맞이하기 위해선 보다 활발한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 흥행에 성공한 국내 창작 뮤지컬들을 대상으로 관객들의 반응을 파악하여 흥행 요인을 도출하였다.

Objective: To define the migration and differentiation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) derived from bone marrow, and their effect on neurobehavioral and cognitive improvements, after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. Method: Two days after TBI, 1×106 hMSCs were injected into the corpus callosum of fifteen rats, on the contralateral side of TBI. Eleven rats received sham-operation as a control group. Neurobehavioral and Barnes maze tests, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were performed on days 1 and 28 after TBI. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate distribution and differentiation of hMSCs on day 56. Results: After 28 days, scores on the neurobehavioral test, Barnes maze test, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were higher than on day 1 in both the stem-cell and control groups, but there were no between-group differences. On day 56, injected hMSCs stained positively with MAB- 1281 were distributed in ipsilateral corpus callosum, lesion boundary zone, parietal cortex, and thalamic area around the lateral ventricle. Conclusion: hMSCs injected to the contralateral side of TBI survive and migrate to various areas of the ipsilateral hemisphere. We observed no neurobehavioral or cognitive improvements in test animals, indicating the need to adjust experimental methodologies including the development of appropriate tests to evaluate neurobehavioral and cognitive functions of rats.

사이버 공간에서의 의사소통 활동에 대해 기존의 연구들은 주로 컴퓨터로 대표되는 매체의 효과나 현실에서의 의사소통과의 차이에 대해서만 초점이 맞추어져 왔다. 이후 사이버 공간에서의 의사소통에 대한 연구들은 소셜 네트워크라는 개념을 적용하여 진일보하였으나, 여전히 컴퓨터라는 매체의 속성이나 특정 서비스의 효과를 탐색하는 데만 치중되어 진행되고 있다. 즉 사이버 공간을 다양한 인간 행동이 나타날 수 있는 맥락으로서 고려하지 못하고, 매체나 기술의 측면에서만 고려하고 있는 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 동일한 사이버 공간이라도 모든 사람들에게 동일한 맥락으로 작동하지 않을 것이라는 가정 하에, 가장 대표적인 소셜 네트워크 사이트인 ‘싸이월드’를 대상으로 하여, 사용자들의 이용행위와 경험을 탐색하고, 각 사용자들에게 싸이월드가 어떤 의미가 있는지, 어떤 맥락으로 작동하고 있는지를 파악하려 하였다. 본 연구에 참여한 총 956명의 자료를 분석한 결과, 싸이월드 사용 활동은 소셜 네트워크 활동뿐만 아니라 정보를 추구하는 활동, 다양한 기능과 메뉴를 통해 미니홈피를 꾸미고 이를 통해 자신의 개성을 드러내는 활동, 싸이월드를 자신의 사적인 공간으로 이용하는 폐쇄적인 행동 등 다양한 형태의 행동이 나타나고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 싸이월드 사용 활동을 기준으로 사용자들은 총 세 집단-적극적 활용형, 폐쇄적, 다이어리 추구형, 새로운 관계, 정보추구형-으로 구분되었고, 각각의 사용자 집단은 싸이월드에서 주로 관계를 맺는 대상과 의사소통 패턴, 그리고 구체적인 싸이월드 이용행동에서 서로 다른 행동 패턴과 특성을 나타내고 있었다. 또한 각각의 사용자 집단에게 싸이월드는 서로 다른 맥락으로 기능하고 있었는데, 적극적 활용형에게는 자신을 표현하고 보여줄 수 있는 ‘무대’로, 폐쇄적, 다이어리 추구형에게는 자신의 사적인 공간인 ‘다이어리’로, 새로운 관계, 정보추구형에게는 새로운 관계를 형성하고 확장할 수 있는 ‘커뮤니티 사이트’이자 ‘파티장’으로 기능하고 있었다. 또한 각각의 사용자 집단은 서로 유기적인 관계를 맺고 있었는데, 이러한 관계 속에서 싸이월드의 현재의 성격과 앞으로의 변화 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 그동안 기술이나 매체로써만 탐색되어지던 사이버 공간이 다양한 인간행동이 일어날 수 있는 행동장면이자 맥락으로 기능하고 있으며, 각 사용자들에게 서로 다른 의미와 가치를 지닌 생활공간으로 기능하고 있음을 보여주었다는데 의의가 있다. 또한 싸이월드 사용자들의 심리적, 행동적 특성에 의해 앞으로 싸이월드가 어떠한 변화를 겪게 될 것인지에 대한 단서를 제공하였다는데 그 의의가 있다.

Past research on communications in cyberspace has emphasized either the effect of computers as a medium or the difference between communications in cyberspace and that of the real life. With the introduction of social network theory, some progress was made in understanding communications in the cyberspace, yet there has been little effort to consider cyberspace as a new behavioral setting where diverse human behaviors exist. This study does not assume that cyberspace holds a same meaning to everyone. In other words, cyberspace acts as different behavioral settings to different people. In our study, we examined users of 'cyworld' - an online site representative of social networking theory - to observe their behaviors and experiences and investigate what Cyworld means to its users and what contexts it provides them. After collecting and analyzing data from 956 Cyworld users, we found that users engage in diverse behaviors such as social networking, seeking information, decorating “minihomes” through using different options on the menu, self-expressing, and using it as a diary to keep records and regarding it as a personal space. Three groups emerged after the analysis- active utilizers, isolated, diary recorders, and new relationship, information seekers. These groups differed in behavioral patterns and psychological characteristics. For active utilizers, Cyworld acted as a “stage” where they can self-express. For isolated, dairy recorders, Cyworld was a personal space and for new relationship, information seekers, Cyworld acted as a community or a “party” setting. This research is meaningful in that it attempted to understand the dynamics and interactions of people in cyberspace rather than focusing merely on the functional aspects of cyberspace as a medium. Cyberspace acts as another behavioral setting and people show diverse behavior patterns within this setting. In addition, through investigating psychological characteristics of Cyworld users, this study made it possible to make predictions on the evolvement of Cyworld.

본 연구는 HR 애널리틱스(HRA)의 국내연구 동향을 파악하고 향후 HRA 연구 방향을 제언하기 위해 수행되었다. HRA 활용목적에 따라 근로자 생애주기(Employee Lifecycle)의 관점에서 채용, 적응, 업무환경, 성과 평가, 관리와 유지, 퇴직의 여섯 가지 영역을 분류하여 국내외 연구의 비교분석을 시행하였다. 주요 결과로는 첫째, 국내 HRA 연구의 세부 연구주제의 분포가 해외연구와 유사한 특성을 갖는다. 둘째, 교육 및 개발과 관련된 국내 HRA 연구가 부족하다. 셋째, 기계 학습(machine learning)이 빠르게 발전하면서 HRA 연구에 활용할 수 있는 현상의 범위와 방법론이 다양화되고 있다. 마지막으로 가치 모델에 근거한 국내 HRA 연구의 위치는 아직 기술 분석(descriptive analytics)의 단계에 있으며 예측 분석(predictive analysis) 영역으로 진입하는 과정에 있다.

This study was conducted to understand research trends of HR Analytics (HRA) in Korea and to suggest future research directions. First, a comparative analysis was conducted by classifying six areas of recruitment on-board, work environment, performance evaluation, retention, and exit/retirement building on the employee life cycle framework. The results indicate that first, the distribution of detailed research topics in Korean HRA research has similar to that of international research. Second, Korean HRA studies related to employee training and development function are insufficient. Third, the scope and the method of machine learning are becoming enriched. Finally Korean HRA studies are still in the technical domain and toward entering the predictive analysis domain.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to improve the quality of the PGM system by improving the structure and production process of slip-ring rotary joint for radar. Methods: The improvement measures for each cause are established through failure analysis of broken items. Specifically, changing in the housing to improve the heating system. Changing the transportation method to prevent damage to equipment during transport. Changing work process of the attenuator ring to prevent damage. etc. Results: The results of this study are as follows; improving the heating system reduces heat generated by the attenuator by about 7 degrees and obtain additional temperature margins. Reduction of defect rate because of adding X-band rotary joint run-out measurement test, ESS of slip-ring rotary joint and Transportation improvement(reinforced flight boxes, tube protection, etc). Getting stable VSWR values by improving work process of attenuator overheating due to a bad bonding process. Conclusion: Through this study, improvements were made to slip-ring rotary joint that failed repeatedly for various reasons. As a result of the application of the improvements, the same fault does not occur until now, so we can see that the quality of PGM has improved.

HLA(High Level Architecture)는 시뮬레이션의 재사용성 증진과 상호운용성 확보를 목표로 하는 국제기술표준이다. 전세계적으로 HLA 기반 페더레이트 간의 연동을 통한 페더레이션 구축이 다양한 분야에서 적용되고 있으며, 국내 군사 분야에서는 KR/UFG 한미 연합연습 등에서 활용되고 있다. 현재 미 국방성에서는 페더레이트의 HLA 준수여부를 사전에 확인하는 HLA 적합성 인증시험이 강조되고 있다. 그러나 미국의 인증시험은 인증도구의 제한사항으로 인해 페더레이션 저장/복구 서비스 등 일부 HLA/RTI 서비스들에 대한 기능검사는 불가능하며 페더레이트 간의 교환데이터에 대한 검사 또한 배제되어 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 국내 실정에 맞는 한국형 HLA 적합성 인증시험 체계를 제안한다. 이를 통해 효과적인 인증시험 수행이 가능하며 각 페더레이트들 간의 상호운용성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

High Level Architecture(HLA) for modeling and simulation is an international technical standard to achieve simulation interoperability and reusability. Building federation through the interworking of federates is being used in various fields and is being used in KR(Key Resolve), UFG(Ulchi-Freedom Guardian) as a representative in domestic military. Currently, United States Department of Defense emphasizes the HLA compliance test, which confirms the compliance of Federate by using HLA. However, due to the limitations of testing tools, an HLA compliance test of DoD is not able to perform some of the functional tests on HLA/RTI services such as federation storage/recovery services and also exclude inspection of exchange data between federates. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an HLA compliance testing system of ROK suitable for domestic situations. This will enable effective HLA compliance testing and improve interoperability between federates.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose contrast metric which is based on the human visual perception and thus it can be used to improve the quality of digital images in many applications. Methods: Previous literatures are surveyed, and then the proposed method is modeled based on Human Visual System(HVS) such as multiscale property of the contrast sensitivity function (CSF), contrast constancy property (suprathreshold), color channel property. Furthermore, experiments using digital images are shown to prove the effectiveness of the method. Results: The results of this study are as follows; regarding the proposed contrast measure of complex images, it was found by experiments that HVS follows relatively well compared to the previous contrast measurement. Conclusion: This study shows the effectiveness on how to measure the contrast of complex images which follows human perception better than other methods.

Objectives : The purpose of this report is to introduce a case of diplopia caused by the fracture of the left orbital wall and to suggest Korean Medicine treatment including electroacupuncture as a possible method of conservative treatment. Methods : A 44-year-old male with diplopia, restricted ocular motility and facial paresthesia after the fracture of the left orbital wall was treated with Korean Medicine treatment from June 15, 2016 to July 15, 2016. Improvements of symptoms were measured by the diplopia questionnaire, cervical range of motion (CROM) diplopia examination, goniometer diplopia examination, subjective diplopia field and visual analogue scale (VAS). Results : During 4 weeks of treatment, the patient showed consistent improvement in the diplopia questionnaire score, range of diplopia and VAS of facial paresthesia. Conclusion : According to the results, Korean Medicine treatment would be a possible conservative treatment for diplopia due to a traumatic accident. Further studies are needed regarding possible long-term effects.

Objectives : Among the assessment tools for evaluating facial function, the House-Brackmann scale is used as a standard tool, but it has some shortcomings. The Sunnybrook Facial Grading System can assess the after effects of facial palsy and facial movement by each part of the face. By understanding the application state of this Sunnybrook Facial Grading System, we intend to analyze the relationship between House-Brackmann scale score and Sunnybrook Facial Grading System score so that we can examine the advantages of the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System as a more accurate tool. Methods : We screened both inpatients and outpatients who visited the Facial Palsy Center at Kyung Hee University Hospital for Korean medical treatment and were evaluated with the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System from December 2015 to October 2016. A total of 159 out of 166 patients were studied, including basic characteristics and missing data. We used descriptive statistics for general features of patients and SPSS Ver.18 for statistical analysis. Results : House-Brackmann scale and Sunnybrook Facial Grading System have high negative correlation through Pearson Correlation Coefficient with a score of -0.884. Analyzing outlier data resulting from relation analysis between the House-Brackmann scale and the Sunnybrook Facial Grading System showed many outliers when the damaged state of each part of the face is different. Conclusion : Sunnybrook Facial Grading System can make up for faults of the House-Brackmann scale, which is inferior in accuracy when each damage status of each part of the face is different. Sunnybrook Facial Grading System performs a detailed assessment of facial function and sequelae of facial palsy easier than the House-Brackmann scale.

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review the instruments used to assess patient condition and the effects of Korean medical treatment for patients injured in traffic accidents in clinical studies in the Korean medical field published in South Korea. Methods : A literature study was performed, and clinical studies on patients injured in traffic accidents visiting Korean medical clinics or hospitals were examined. Data about chief complaints, tools used to assess either patients' condition or the effectiveness of Korean medical treatment, and time point of assessment were extracted. The studies were classified according to symptom. The use-frequency and the parent category of the assessment tools were also analyzed. Results : 78 studies were selected and classified into 5 categories based on the chief complaints, neck pain, lower back pain, headache, psychological symptoms and unspecified symptoms. Various scales were used to report the patient's pain severity, and functional or psychological status resulting from traffic accidents. Pain index, in particular VAS, was most frequently used and a few mechanical instruments and Korean medicinal assessment tools were mentioned. Conclusion : Most instruments used in Korean medicine clinical studies on patients injured in traffic accidents are self-reported tools. To assess both the patient's condition precisely and the effectiveness of Korean medical treatment on patients injured in traffic accidents, more appropriate and unified tools should be designed that consider pain, functional disability, psychological status and objective assessments measured by devices together.

Objectives : The aim of this study is to give a statistical basis for the characteristics of patients who received cooperative medical care after being referred from Western medical departments to the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in a Korean medical hospital. Methods : The request records were searched for cooperative medical treatment at the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in a Korean medical hospital between September 1st, 2011 and August 31, 2016, based on the Order Communication system(OCS). The records were reviewed and retrospectively analyzed according to the patient's general characteristics, the chief diagnosis code based on the 7th Korean standard classification of diseases(KCD-7) before and after the cooperative medical care in the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, and the actual treatment measures which patients received as a result of the cooperative medical care. Results : Among the 2702 records, 1549 patients were included in the analysis. The male to female ratio was 1 : 1.17. Sexagenarians formed the highest age group and the number of patients whose age was over 50 was 1176(75.92 %). The surgery department requested the cooperative care from the department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion for the highest number of patients, 1194(77.08 %). When analysing specific medical departments, Neurosurgery, General Surgery, Neurology, Otorhinolaryngology, and Physical medicine and rehabilitation followed. The frequency of chief diagnosis code used before the cooperative medical care was in the order of I, C, G, S, and M code, from highest to lowest. The order of the codes after the cooperative medical care was the same. Acupuncture treatment was the most frequently-used measure after the cooperative medical care. Following were infrared, moxibustion, transfer, herbal acupuncture, cupping, electroacupuncture, and so on. Conclusion : This study provides a statistical basis for the demands placed on the Department of Acupunture and Moxibustion for cooperative medical care with the Western medical department. Based on the present condition of cooperative medical care, more preparation and effort is required for its activation.

Objectives : Although integrative Korean medical treatments have been suggested to be effective for treating Bell's palsy, the effect of Korean medical treatment according to when treatment was started is unknown in the clinical field. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the results of treating Bell's palsy according to different starting points of integrative Korean medical treatments. Methods : We screened patients who visited the Facial Palsy Center at Kyung Hee University Hospital for Korean and Western combined medical treatment from March 2011 to February 2016. A total of 821 out of 2086 patients were studied, including their basic characteristics and results of an electromyography. Patients who started Korean medical treatment within 3 days of onset were placed in group A, within 9 days of onset in group B, and patients who started treatment after 10 days of onset were placed in group C. We tried to compare the level of facial nerve damage by electromyography between groups. Results : The patients in group C had the highest axonal loss rates in all branches(frontal, oculi, nasal, oris). The post hoc analyses revealed the difference of axonal loss rates between group A and B was not statistically significant. Only group C showed statistically higher axonal loss rates in all branches. Conclusion : The study results showed that the patients who had delayed Korean medical treatments had a higher level of facial nerve damage by electromyography. According to the results of this study, early application of integrative Korean medical treatment is suggested.

함정용 전자광학추적장비 열영상센서부 전면창의 신뢰성 및 성능 개선을 위해 플라즈마 화학기상증착법을 통해 제작되는 DLC 박막을 제안하였다. DLC 박막은 현재 사용되고 있는 실리콘 박막과 비교하여 뛰어난 강도와 낮은 마찰, 화학적 안정성이 우수하며 이로 인해 해상 환경에서 필연적으로 발생하는 열영상센서 전면창의 표면 박리를 최소화할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 실험을 통해, DLC 박막이 갖는 물리적 특성을 바탕으로 다양한 전자광학장비에 적용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

The Diamond Like Carbon(DLC) films for the Electro Optical Tracking System(EOTS) by using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition(PECVD) method is presented. We achieve that the DLC films can reduce the surface delamination of thermal observation sensor front window due to the high hardness, low friction and chemical inertness which is comparable to a Si film. According to our experiment results, DLC films can be used for various electro optical systems to eliminate surface delamination.