Earticle

본 연구는 장애노인을 대상으로 장애정도가 차별인지와 차별정도를 매개로 우울에 영향을 미치는데 있어 사회적지지가 매개된 조절효과를 가지는지 검증하는 것을 목적 으로 한다. 이를 위하여 한국복지패널조사(Korea Welfare Panel Study) 15차년도 자 료를 활용하였다. 총 1,066명 중에서 주요변인인 우울, 사회적지지, 장애정도, 차별인 지, 차별정도에 응답한 65세 이상 89세 이하 장애노인 633명을 분석대상으로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장애노인의 장애정도는 차별인지를 매개로 우울 에 미치는 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 장애노인의 장애정도는 차별정도를 매개로 우울에 미 치는 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 장애노인의 사회적지지는 장애정도와 우울사이에서 차별인 지에 매개효과를 조절하였다. 조절효과는 완충효과로 나타났다. 넷째, 장애노인의 사 회적지지는 장애정도와 우울사이에서 차별정도에 매개효과를 조절하였다. 조절효과는 완충효과로 나타났다. 나타난 결과에 따라 장애노인의 우울을 줄이기 위한 방안을 제 언하였다.

The purpose of this study is to verify whether social support has a mediated moderating effect in affecting depression through whether the degree of disability is caused by perceived discrimination and the degree of discrimination for the elderly with disabilities. By this means, data from the year of the 15th Korea Welfare Panel Study were used as a reference. Among the total of 1,066 people, 633 elders with disabilities aged 65 to 89 who responded to the principal variables of depression, social support, degree of disability, perceived discrimination, and degree of discrimination were analyzed. The results of the study are as follows: First, the degree of disability of the elderly with disabilities had an effect on depression through perceived discrimination. Second, the degree of disability of the elderly with disabilities had an effect on depression through the degree of discrimination. Third, the social support of the elderly with disabilities moderated the mediating effect on discrimination between the degree of disability and depression. And the mediated moderating effect was shown as a buffering effect. Fourth, the social support for the elderly with disabilities moderated the mediating effect between the degree of disability and depression to the degree of discrimination. The mediated moderating effect was shown as a buffering effect. According to the results above, a measure to reduce the depression of the elderly with disabilities was proposed.

본 연구는 장애노인을 대상으로 장애정도가 차별인지와 차별정도를 매개로 우울에 영향을 미치는데 있어 사회적지지가 매개된 조절효과를 가지는지 검증하는 것을 목적 으로 한다. 이를 위하여 한국복지패널조사(Korea Welfare Panel Study) 15차년도 자 료를 활용하였다. 총 1,066명 중에서 주요변인인 우울, 사회적지지, 장애정도, 차별인 지, 차별정도에 응답한 65세 이상 89세 이하 장애노인 633명을 분석대상으로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장애노인의 장애정도는 차별인지를 매개로 우울 에 미치는 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 장애노인의 장애정도는 차별정도를 매개로 우울에 미 치는 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 장애노인의 사회적지지는 장애정도와 우울사이에서 차별인 지에 매개효과를 조절하였다. 조절효과는 완충효과로 나타났다. 넷째, 장애노인의 사 회적지지는 장애정도와 우울사이에서 차별정도에 매개효과를 조절하였다. 조절효과는 완충효과로 나타났다. 나타난 결과에 따라 장애노인의 우울을 줄이기 위한 방안을 제 언하였다.

The purpose of this study is to verify whether social support has a mediated moderating effect in affecting depression through whether the degree of disability is caused by perceived discrimination and the degree of discrimination for the elderly with disabilities. By this means, data from the year of the 15th Korea Welfare Panel Study were used as a reference. Among the total of 1,066 people, 633 elders with disabilities aged 65 to 89 who responded to the principal variables of depression, social support, degree of disability, perceived discrimination, and degree of discrimination were analyzed. The results of the study are as follows: First, the degree of disability of the elderly with disabilities had an effect on depression through perceived discrimination. Second, the degree of disability of the elderly with disabilities had an effect on depression through the degree of discrimination. Third, the social support of the elderly with disabilities moderated the mediating effect on discrimination between the degree of disability and depression. And the mediated moderating effect was shown as a buffering effect. Fourth, the social support for the elderly with disabilities moderated the mediating effect between the degree of disability and depression to the degree of discrimination. The mediated moderating effect was shown as a buffering effect. According to the results above, a measure to reduce the depression of the elderly with disabilities was proposed.

Objective: Iliac vein compression syndrome is a well-recognized anatomic variant that is associated with the development of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the left iliac vein. However, its relation with DVT in spinal cord injury has not been established. The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between iliac vein compression syndrome and DVT in spinal cord injured patients. Method: Thirteen spinal cord injured patients diagnosed with DVT from January 2002 to December 2003 were evaluated. After ascending venography, the catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy and balloon angioplasty with stent insertion after 24 hours of thrombolytic therapy were done. Results: Twelve of 13 patients showed that the left iliac vein was compressed by the right iliac artery, with thrombosis shown in the distal venous segment of the crossover point and had a collateral formation. All 12 patients had residual stenosis of left iliac vein in spite of the thrombolytic therapy. The unimpeded venous flow of iliofemoral veins was revealed after the balloon angioplasty with stent insertion. Conclusion: We suggested that the proper evaluation and management about iliac vein compression syndrome be considered when residual stenosis was persistent through the chemical dissolution in spinal cord injured patient with left iliac vein thrombosis.

Objective: It is known that spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult men may result in sex hormonal changes. To investigate this change, we compared sex hormone levels of male SCI patients, uninjured normal, and infertile subjects. Method: Serum levels of follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, testosterone were determined in 67 male SCI patients, 20 uninjured normal men and 39 idiopathic infertile men. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures were performed with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Compared with normal and infertile control groups, SCI patients had lower levels of testosterone and higher levels of prolactin. FSH levels of SCI patients were only lower than those of infertile controls. LH levels of SCI patients showed no significant difference. Compared with hormone levels of acute SCI patients, those of chronic SCI patients showed a tendency to increase in FSH, LH and testosterone, and a tendency to decrease in prolactin. Etiology of injury, completeness of injury and voiding method for neurogenic bladder did not influence the sex hormone levels in SCI patients. Conclusion: In our study, male SCI patients showed sex hormonal abnormalities of hypothalamo-pituitary type. And elevated serum prolactin level might influence hormonal changes and sexual dysfunction in male SCI patients.

Objective: To reveal the usefulness of abdominal computerized tomography (CT) for the detection of complicated and uncomplicated upper urinary tract infection (UTI)s in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Method: Twenty-two patients with SCI were included in this study. They had UTIs with persistent high fever despite conservative treatments. In all patients, abdominal CT was performed. Results: Acute pyelonephritis (APN) with or without complications was detected in 13 patients (59.1%). Four patients were accompanied with complications, 1 perirenal abscess, 1 renal and perirenal abscess with staghorn stone, 1 urosepsis with renal abscess and 1 urosepsis. Simple nephrectomy was performed in a patient with perirenal and renal abscesses with a staghorn stone. Percutaneous abscess drainage was performed in one patient with perirenal abscess. They all recovered without further complications. Conclusion: Abdominal CT should be considered to detect uncomplicated and complicated upper UTIs in SCI patients who present persistent UTI symptoms despite conservative treatments.

목재부후균은 리그닌 분해효소로 lignin peroxidase (LIP), Mn-peroxidase (MNP) 및 laccase를 생성하는데 균류에 따라 위의 효소중 하나 혹은 둘 이상의 효소를 분비하거나 전혀 생성하지 않는 균도 있다. 본 실험은 이러한 목재 부후균의 효소생성 양상과 몇 종의 염료화합물 탈색과의 상관관계를 조사하고자 하였다. 조사한 23종 36균주 중 MNP 생성균은 30균주였으며 LIP 혹은 laccase 생성균은 각각 11균주와 12균주였다. 또한 같은 종에서도 효소활성은 다양한 양상을 보여 주었다. 리그닌 분해효소 활성과 비교하여 염료 탈색 정도는 세 효소가 모두 분비되는 백색 부후균의 경우 염료 탈색율이 상대적으로 우수하였고 균주에 따라 차이가 있으나 MNP 활성만을 갖는 균주의 경우, poly R-478 polymeric dye 및 anthron-type dye 인 remazol brilliant blue R염료는 효소 활성도와 다소 유연관계를 보였으며 methylene blue, bromophenol blue및 congo red 염료는 위의 효소들과는 직접적인 관련이 없는 것으로 판단되었으며, 오히려 균사의 생장과 비례하여 탈색율을 나타냈다. LIP, MNP 및 laccase 효소활성이 거의 검출되지 않은 갈색 부후균에서는 bromophenol blue를 제외하고는 염료의 탈색이 10%미만 혹은 전혀 탈색이 되지 앓았다.

Wood-rot fungi produce extracellular lignin-degrading enzymes, the best known of which are lignin peroxidase, Mn-peroxidase and laccase. In this experiment, some of them produced all of three enzymes. Many other wood-rot fungi produced one or two of those enzymes with various combinations. In this experiment, we tried to clarify the relationship between the pattern of enzyme production and degradative activity of several dye compounds. From the 36 strains of 23 species of wood-rot fungi, Mn-peroxidase activity was found in 30 strains of the fungi tested, whereas the activity of lignin peroxidase and laccase was detected in 11 strains and 12 strains of species, repectively, in Kirks low nitrogen media. In relation to the activity of lignin degrading enzymes and degradation of dye compounds, the white-rot fungi with three kinds of enzymes tested showed the best dye decolorizers. The fungi with Mn-peroxidase activity only decolorized poly R-478 and remazol brilliant blue R dye in proportion to the enzyme activity, while methylene blue, bromophenol blue and congo red dye were degraded in regardless of enzyme activity. Those dyes were degraded in relation to the growth rate of mycelium. Brown-rot fungi did not degrade all the dye compounds except bromophenol blue, in spite of moderate growth rate.

구름버섯균 KN9522로부터 분리한 Mn-peroxidase 동위효소 CVMP1, CVMP2, CVMP3 및 CVMP5를 코딩하는 게놈유전자를 분리하기 위해 4개의 동위효소 N-말단아미노산서열을 기준으로 제작한degenerate primer들이 사용되었다. 하나를 제외한 3개의 동위효소들은 그에 대응되는 염기서열 900정도 되는 PCR산물 (cmp1, cmp2 및 cmp5)을 얻었다. NCBI의 BLAST 프로그램을 사용하여 PCR산물들의 염기서열을 분석한 결과, cmp1, cmp2 및 cmp5는 구름버섯균 PRL572로부터 분리한 유전자 MPG-I (등록번호 Z30668) 및 PGV-II(등록번호 Z54279)와 유사하였다. cmp1과 cmp2는 MPG-I유전자의 염기서열과 각각 77%및 95%의 상동성을 보였고 cmp5는 PGV-II 염기서열과 88%의 상동성을 보였다. 본 실험을 통하여 저자들은 Mn-peroxidase 동위효소계의 아미노산 서열을 기준으로 제작된 degenerate primer들을 사용하여 게놈 DNA조각을 분리할 수 있었다.

Degenerate primers corresponding to the sequences of the N-terminal regions of Mn-peroxidase isozymes were used to isolate the genomic fragments encoding the isozymes of Mn-peroxidase, CVMP1, CVMP2, CVMP3 and CVMP5 from the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor KN9522. Three isozymes except one gave the expected PCR products (cmp1, cmp2 and cmp5) of about 900 base pairs, respectively. DNA sequence data obtained from each PCR products were used to analyze the BLAST program search on the National Center for Biotechnology Information. cmp1, cmp2 and cmp5 were similar to MPG-I (GenBank accession number Z30668) and PGV-II (GenBank accession number, Z54279) gene T. versicolor PRL572. PCR products of cmp1 and cmp2 showed 77%, 95% base sequence similarities to MPG-I gene and cmp5 showed about 88% similarity to PGV-II gene from T. versicolor PRL572. From this experiment, we could isolate genomic DNA fragments with degenerate primers designed from the N-terminal amino acid sequences of Mn-peroxidase isozyme family.

본 연구는 강원도 지역에서 채집한, 구름버섯균으로 예상되는 19종의 실험균주의 외부형태와 내부구조의 특징을 파악하여 동정하고, 구름버섯균(Trametes versicolor)의 형태적 특징과 rDNA상의 ITS염기서열간의 상관관계 유무를 확인하기 위하여 Trametes versicolor와 동일 속(Genus)에 속하며 계통학적 유연관계가 가까운 Trametes villosa KCTC06866, Trametes suaveolens KCTC 26205, Trametes hirusta KCTC26200, Trametes versicolor KCTC16781 및 KCTC26203의 4종-5균주와 함께 rDNA의 Internal Transcribed Spacers(ITS1 과 ITS2)영역의 염기서열을 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과, 채집된 실험균주는 Trametes versicolor KCTC16781 및 KCTC26203과의 염기차이가 $0{\sim}6$개로 매우 유사한 근연한 양상을 나타내었고 계통도를 분석한 결과, 구름버섯으로 예상된 실험균주들과 Trametes versicolor 종들이 단계통군을 이루어 실험균주는 모두 동일종으로 확인되었으며, Trametes hirusta KCTC26200, Trametes suaveolens KCTC26205 그리고 Trametes villosa KCTC06866는 측계통을 이루었다. 채집된 19종의 균주는 외형상 다양한 채색과 무늬를 갖고 있으나 ITS1과 ITS2 영역의 염기서열을 분석한 계통수에서는 Trametes versicolor간의 색깔이나 무늬는 ITS1 및 ITS2의 염기서열과는 직접적인 유연관계가 없었다.

Nineteen strains of Trametes species were collected from the area of Kangwon Province, Korea. They have a variety of color hands and line-up markings on fruit bodies. Most strains were categorized into four types based on color bands, that is, dark brown, light brown, dark gray and light gray. They also have line-up marking shapes from sparse to compact on fruit bodies. In this study, we tried to investigate the relationship between the genetic variation and morphological appearance of these species using the nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequence, we used nineteen strains collected in nature and four species of five standard strains (T. versicolor KCTC16781, KCTC26203, T. villosa KCTC06866, T. suaveolens KCTC26205 and T. hirusta KCTC26200). The data of ITS sequences indicated that nineteen strains of T. versicolor have the difference of $1{\sim}6$ base pairs, comparing with standard strains of T. versicolor KCTC16781, and KCTC26203. Phylogenetic analysis of the Trametes species showed that they grouped into a wide range of single clade. Standard strains except T. versicolor KCTC16781 and KCTC26203, formed separated subgroup.

The 2-amino-l-phenylpropanols 4∼7 were reacted with isothiocyanates to afford the 20 thioureido MAPP derivatives 8a∼11e, which were tested their cytotoxic activity by MTT assay. The cytotoxicity of alkylthioureido compounds were increased and decreased by alkyl chain length from $C_{8}$ to $C_{14}$ and of phenylthioureido compounds showed poor activity. The compounds (8b, 8c, 9b, 9c, l0b, 10c, 11b, 11c) with $C_{10}$ and $C_{12}$ alkyl chains gave stronger activity than reference compound B13. The $IC_{50}$/ of compound 8c was 1.05$\mu$M and 3 times stronger activity than B13. The stereochemistry of synthesized compounds affected very little to cytotoxic activity.

Six novel 4-aminoantipyrine derivatives as potential nonsteroidal antiinflammatory and analgesic compounds were prepared and their antiinflammatory-analgesic activity were compared with antiprine. Succinyl chloride and Ac $_2$O were reacted with glycine, respectively, to give glycine compounds (3-4, 9-10), which were treated with hydroxysuccinimide and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide to yield active esters (5-6, 11-12), and then reacted with 4-aminoantipyrine to prepare 4-aminoantipyrine derivatives (7-8, 13-14). 4-Aminoantipyrine reacted with succinyl chloride and Ac $_2$O, respectively, to give succinyl bis aminoantipyrine (15) and acetyl aminoantipyrine (16). Compounds (7), (8) and (13) gave comparable antiinflammatory activity to antipyrine.

Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME446의 원형질체 생성 및 재생을 위한 원형질체 분리에 알맞은 세포벽 분해효소로는 Novozym 234이였으며 삼투압 조절제로서는 0.6M sucrose, 처리시간은 $2.5{\sim}3$시간이었다. 균사체 배양일수는 대수기에 해당하는 42시간이었으며 원형질체 재생에 알맞은 배지로는 0.6M mannitol을 첨가한 poly-R 배지였다.

To investigate optimal conditions for the protoplast formation and regeneration of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, preparations of three enzymes were used to liberate protoplasts from its 20 hrs-old mycelium on cellophan membrane covered agar media. Novozym 234 alone with 0.6M sucrose was the most effective for isolation of protoplasts from the mycelium with 3hrs incubation time at $39^{\circ}C$ in shaking condition of 120 rpm. The poly-R medium stabilized with 0.6M mannitol was the best for regeneration of the protoplasts.

This paper presents the design of a cryo-CMOS parametric amplifier suitable for operation at 4K and mK temperatures within the readout chain of quantum computers. It was experimentally verified that thermal noise introduced through the LO input path degrades the noise performance of the circuit. A parametric amplifier design capable of functioning with low local oscillator (LO) pumping power was proposed to mitigate this problem, providing a significant attenuation margin to safeguard against external noise. By optimizing the core parasitic resistance and adjusting the matching point, the parametric amplifier was measured 0 dB gain with 20 dBm LO power at 300K, and 15.2 dB gain with 0dBm LO power at 4K.

고령소비자의 중요성은 다양한 분야의 연구업적에서 살펴볼 수 있다. 하지만 아직까지 마케팅 분야에서 고령소비자에 대한 체계적이고 통일된 결론을 보이고 있는 논문은 그리 많지 않은 실정이다. 고령소비자에 관한 초기 연구들은 고령인구의 낮은 경제수준, 저학력 등 유리이론에 기초한 고령소비자를 대상으로 연구가 진행되어왔다. 하지만 시대가 바뀌고 있으며 가치관이 변하고 있다. 앞으로 고령화 사회의 구성원이 될 베이비부머들은 높은 경제수준을 가지고 있으며, 학력수준이 높아지고 있고, 가족이나 자식에 대한 희생에서 자신을 개발하고 풍요롭게 하기 위한 독립적인 소비의사결정의 주체로 변모하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 블루칩으로 떠오르고 있는 고령시장의 새로운 잠재소비자인 고령소비자의 특성을 이해하고 소비패턴을 분석함으로써 마케터들에게 전략적 시사점을 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다. 그동안 연구되어왔던 선행연구를 고찰하면서 그동안 우리가 잘못 알고 있던 고령소비자들의 특성을 제대로 이해하고, 고령소비자들이 가지는 그들만의 특성을 분석해봄으로써 나이가 듦에 따라 변화를 겪는 고령소비자들을 이해하고, 고령소비자의 행동을 예측할 수 있을 것이다. 이를 바탕으로 브랜드선택에 영향을 주는 메커니즘을 정리하고 ‘고령브랜드(age brand)’의 종류와 각 종류별 특성에 맞는 브랜드전략방법을 제시하고자 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존의 선행연구를 바탕으로 첫째, 고령소비자의 연령분류에 따른 마케팅 접근법, 둘째, 노화이론과 고령소비자들의 특성을 분석해보고, 그들의 소비패턴과 제품구매 후 보이는 불평행동을 고찰해본다. 마지막으로 브랜드선택에 영향을 미치는 메커니즘과 고령소비자들이 선호하는 브랜드특성을 파악함으로써 마케터들에게 이론적 실천적인 제언을 하고자 한다.

The increasing of older people will change on the marketing market. So many studies have been done on older consumers's behavior. But there's not much in the marketing field, furthermore the studies hold divergent opinions. Earlier studies have a focus on the low economic standard and low education level of older people. The background was based on disengagement theory, but times have changed. The purpose of this study is reviewing the previous studies then understanding the character of older consumers and organizing systematically the conclusion. Therefore this study is comprised of mainly three topics. First, what is the older consumer market? Second, through the analysis of the aging theory, social and emotional aspect of older consumer's consumption then understands their buying habits and complaint behavior. Third, this study is explaining mechanisms on the effect of brand choice and the preferred age brand characters. Finally on the based of results of this study, the author suggests some theoretical and managerial implications.