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인적자원의 질은 사회 운용의 효율을 높이는 핵심 요소이다. 세계 각국은 국가 직무능력표준을 개발하고 이를 인적자원관리에 활용하고 있다. 이러한 추세에 발맞춰 기록관리분야 역시 직무능력표준을 개발하고 이를 중심에 두는 인적자원개발체제를 구축해갈 필요가 있다. 각급기관에 기록물관리전문요원이 배치되고 기록관 조직이 운용되고는 있으나 직무상 성장 발전이 요구되고 있음은 주지의 사실이다. 이러한 상황에서 기록관리 직무를 수행하는데 필요한 직무능력을 규명하고 이를 활용하는 것은 전문요원의 전문성 강화의 측면에서나 기록관 업무의 정상화의 측면에서나 의미 있는 일이다. 본 연구에서는 공공영역과 민간영역의 기록관리 전 분야에 활용가능한 직무능력표준을 개발하는 절차와 방법론을 제시하였다. 그리고 표준의 설계과정에 대한 예시를 보여줌으로써 기록관리분야의 직무능력표준 개발의 가능성과 타당성, 활용성 등을 확인하고자 하였다. 또한 기록관리분야의 직무능력모형과 각 능력단위별 요소들을 제시하였다. 최근 이슈로 부각된 기록관리의 전문성을 입증하기 위한 방법론을 마련하고 기록관리분야의 인적자원개발시스템을 도입하는데 본 연구가 도움이 될 수 있기를 기대해 본다.

The quality of human resources is critical element which promote efficiency in the community management. Each country all of the world is developing national competency standards to exploit them on human resources management. In response to this trend, the field of records management need to develop competency standards and to build human resources. Although each agency is placing qualified record manager and operating archives organization. growth and development is needed on this field. Under these circumstances, examining requirement for records management competency and using them is a task of great significance on the side of strengthening specialist and normalizing archives operation. This study suggests procedures and methodology competency standards enable to be exploited in entire fields of records management including private sectors as well as public sectors. Furthermore, as for procedures of suggesting measures for developments, cases of procedures of stand designs are shown, effectively verifying for feasibility, validity, and usability of development of competency standards in the field of records management. In this process, models for competency standard and elements based on competency units in the field of records management are suggested. This study will be ultimately expected to contribute to an adoption of manpower development system and a systematic method via procedures of approving expertise of records management being recently highlighted as an issue from revision process of records management act.

Purpose: The objective of this research was to measure health literacy level of the visitors of a university hospital's out patient clinic and to consider its influence factors. Methods: Subjects were 400 visitors in an outpatient clinic of a university hospital. By using self-report questionnaire which included Newest Vital Sign(NVS) and general information inquiry, the level of health literacy and its influence factors were measured. The data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. Results: The NVS score of subjects was 3.54(±1.91) out of maximum 6 scale. The factors that have significant relationships with the health literacy were age, sex, marital status, educational background, monthly income, health information source, number of diseases, number of medications and drinking status. Participants who are men, in old age, having lack of supportive relationship, having low levels of education, having low income, having more comorbid diseases & medications, tend to have lower NVS score compared to others. Conclusion: We suggest extending our research results for evaluating the risky group to improve the health literacy and to develop the strategic methods for better health outcomes.

Purpose: The study examined obesity conditions and related factors in middle aged Korean women who had been diagnosed as obese based body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) measurement. Presently, BMI alone, WC alone, or BMI + WC were used as obesity measures. Methods: Subjects were 488 women 40～64 years of age living in one city, Korea. Structured questionnaires concerning general characteristics, health behavior practices, and chronic disease history were completed by each subject. Results: The proportions of obesity were 42.4% by BMI, 39.3% by WC, and 51.3% by the combination of both measurements. Chi-square test revealed significant associations of obesity with age, education level, menopausal status, frequency of excessive eating, and history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension. These associations were similar for the three measurement schemes. There was significant positive relationship between BMI and WC, whereas the relationship between BMI and WHR (waist-hip ratio) was not significant. Conclusions: The combination of BMI and WC measurement may be a valid way to evaluate the obesity status in middle-aged women. Developing an obesity management program that includes control of excessive eating, and consideration of menopausal status and history of chronic diseases would be prudent.

Purpose: This study was to present the process of web-based educational program (WEP) development and to identify factors affecting satisfaction with WEP for the certificate of healthcare managers working at the National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC). Methods: Subjects were healthcare managers and voluntary participants of WEP. A total of 1,449 respondents were surveyed through an online questionnaire about their satisfaction with the educational contents and system. Results: The mean contents satisfaction was 3.75 (SD 0.54), and system satisfaction 4.68 (SD 0.54). According to statistical analysis, the type of certification, experience and professional career of health care management affected contents satisfaction. And factors affecting system satisfaction were the type of certification and gender. Conclusion: WEP was utilized as a pre-requisite course for the certificate program of healthcare managers. However, the development of advanced WEP is suggested to meet the educational needs of healthcare managers as registered nurses. It is necessary to make proper strategies to accommodate the trainees' educational needs based on extended and in-depth research following this study.

초등학교 조손가정 아동과 정상가정 아동의 건강상태와 건강행위 비교 A Comparison Between Elementary School Children in Grandparent-Grandchild Family and Those in Normal Family in Terms of Health Status and Health Behavior 김 정 은 Kim Jeoung Eun 국 문 요 약 본 연구는 전북 N시 소재 24개 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 학생 중 조손가정아동 101명과 정상가정 아동 119명을 대상으로 건강상태와 건강행위를 측정하고 비교하여 조손가정아동을 위한 건강증진향상 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조손가정아동은 정상가정아동보다 건강상태(t=-3.05, p=.003)와 건강행위(t=-4.70, p=.000)가 통계적으로 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 둘째, 조손가정아동(r=.239, p=.016)과 정상가정 아동(r=.510, p=.000) 모두 건강상태가 높을수록 건강행위가 높게 나타나 건강상태와 건강행위 간에 통계적으로 유의한 순상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 정상가정아동의 건강상태는 생활수준(F=4.37, p=.015)에 따라, 건강행위는 부의 교육정도(F=3.35, p=.039)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 조손가정아동의 건강상태는 조손가정 발생원인(F=2.76, p=.032), 지지체계(F=2.31, p=.040)에 따라, 건강행위는 부의 교육정도(F=7.99, p=.001), 부의 직업(F=3.00, p=.036), 조손가정발생원인(F=2.48, p=.049)에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 조손가정아동은 정상가정아동보다 건강상태와 건강행위정도가 낮은 상태에 있으므로 건강행위실천을 향상시킬 수는 방안을 마련해야 할 것이며 가족적 특성을 고려한 건강증진프로그램을 개발하여 지속적으로 시행해나가야 할 것이다.

A Comparison Between Elementary School Children in Grandparent-Grandchild Family and Those in Normal Family in Terms of Health Status and Health Behavior Kim, Jeoung Eun Abstract This study aimed at performing measurement and comparative analysis of health status and health behavior among 101 children in grandparent-grandchild family and 119 in normal family, who were fourth-, fifth-, or sixth-graders from 24 elementary schools in N city, North Jeolla Province, in order to provide basic data to develop a health promotion and improvement program for children in grandparent-grandchild family. The results of this study are as follows: First, As for health status of children in grandparent-grandchild family and those in normal family, the former (3.29) showed lower health status than the latter(3.48), which was statistically significant (t=-3.05, p=.003). Second, As for health behavior of children in grandparent-grandchild family and those in normal family, the former (2.84) showed lower health behavior than the latter (3.14), which was statistically significant (t=-4.70, p=.000). Third, As for correlation between health status and health behavior among children in grandparent-grandchild family and those in normal family, the higher health status, the higher health behavior among both the former (r=.239, p=.016) and the latter (r=.510, p=.000), showing statistically significant positive correlation between health status and health behavior. Fifth, There were significant differences in health status among children in normal family by living standards (F=4.37, p=.015) and in health behavior by father's educational level (F=3.35, p=.039). There were significant differences in health status of children in grandparent-grandchild family by causes of grandparent-grandchild family (F=2.76, p=.032) and support system (F=2.31, p=.040). There were significant differences in health behavior by father's educational level (F=7.99, p=.001), father's occupation (F=3.00, p=.036), and causes of grandparent-grandchild family (F=2.48, p=.049). To put the results together, it is necessary to make a scheme to improve health behavior practice since children in grandparent-grandchild family were at the lower level of health status and health behavior than those in normal family.

Purpose: Purposes of this study were (1) to describe nurses' perception of hospital organization culture regarding patient safety culture and reporting medical errors, and (2) to identify factors associated with perception of patient safety and nurses' safety management. Method: A survey was conducted with 886 nurses using the Korean version of the AHRQ patient safety survey, a self-report 5-point Likert scale. SPSS 10.0 was used for descriptive and correlation analysis. Results: The mean for working environment related to patient safety was 3.41(±0.35), and associated factors were nurses' age, duration of working in present hospital, unit, and special area, direct contact with patients, and the work unit or area. Among organizational culture factors related to patient safety, means were 3.81(±0.54) for boss/managers' perception of patient safety and 3.37(±0.49) for cooperation/collaboration between units. Mean number of errors reported by nurses was 3.68(±0.38) times over the past 12 months. For incidence reporting, the items that ‘nurses perceived communication among clinicians as fair’ had a mean of 3.53(±0.46) and 'the frequency of reporting was good', 4.03(±0.69). Conclusion: Korean nurses' perception of hospital environment, organizational culture, and incidence reporting was above average and mostly associated with their work experience and position.

This study was conducted to develop and evaluate guidelines for cancer patients' symptoms management such as nausea/vomiting, fatigue, constipation, diarrhea, and oral mucositis. Based on the literature review, assessment path to identify each stage of five symptoms were also developed. Guidelines for symptom management of each stage of the symptoms were developed. Guidelines then were evaluated by a panel of experts. Finally, 95 cancer patients were recruited and asked to use the guidelines for their symptom management. Levels of understanding of and satisfaction with assessment path and management guidelines were surveyed. Prevalence rate of five symptoms varied ranging from 20% (diarrhea) to 47% (nausea/vomiting). Regarding the level of understanding of each symptom most of the cancer patients indicated that they were easy and sufficient. Regarding the easiness of use of the symptom management guidelines, most of cancer patients indicated that they were easy to use. Regarding the nursing intervention on each symptom, most of cancer patients indicated that they were easy and helpful. More information was added with feedback from the patients. The result of this study has implications on development of customized patient education materials based on assessment path and symptom management guidelines.

Objective: The patients with glottic dysfunction cannot cough effectively. It is difficult to eliminate pulmonary secretions and to provide lung expansion exercise in those patients. Thus we made a device which substitutes the function of glottis and examines the effectiveness of the external glottic function of the device. Method: This new device was made of two parts: connection and control part. Connection part had three ports: patient connection, insufflation and connection port. The insufflation port with one-way valve allows additional air stacking using a manual resuscitation bag after a patients's deep inspiration. Control part had external glottic function by air flow control with button pushing simply. The vitalcapacity (VC), maximal insufflation capacity (MIC), MIC with device (MICdevice), unassistive peak cough flow (UPCF), assistive peak cough flow (APCF) and assistive peak cough flow with device (APCFdevice) were measured in six patients. Results: In tested patients, four were amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and two were cervical spinal cord injury patients with tracheostomized. The value of MICdevice or APCFdevice was higher than MIC or APCF in all patients. Conclusion: This new device can improve the bronchial toileting by improving cough function and also provide lung expansion exercise effectively in patients with glottic dysfunction.

Objective: It is known that spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult men may result in sex hormonal changes. To investigate this change, we compared sex hormone levels of male SCI patients, uninjured normal, and infertile subjects. Method: Serum levels of follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, testosterone were determined in 67 male SCI patients, 20 uninjured normal men and 39 idiopathic infertile men. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures were performed with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Compared with normal and infertile control groups, SCI patients had lower levels of testosterone and higher levels of prolactin. FSH levels of SCI patients were only lower than those of infertile controls. LH levels of SCI patients showed no significant difference. Compared with hormone levels of acute SCI patients, those of chronic SCI patients showed a tendency to increase in FSH, LH and testosterone, and a tendency to decrease in prolactin. Etiology of injury, completeness of injury and voiding method for neurogenic bladder did not influence the sex hormone levels in SCI patients. Conclusion: In our study, male SCI patients showed sex hormonal abnormalities of hypothalamo-pituitary type. And elevated serum prolactin level might influence hormonal changes and sexual dysfunction in male SCI patients.

Objective: To reveal the usefulness of abdominal computerized tomography (CT) for the detection of complicated and uncomplicated upper urinary tract infection (UTI)s in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Method: Twenty-two patients with SCI were included in this study. They had UTIs with persistent high fever despite conservative treatments. In all patients, abdominal CT was performed. Results: Acute pyelonephritis (APN) with or without complications was detected in 13 patients (59.1%). Four patients were accompanied with complications, 1 perirenal abscess, 1 renal and perirenal abscess with staghorn stone, 1 urosepsis with renal abscess and 1 urosepsis. Simple nephrectomy was performed in a patient with perirenal and renal abscesses with a staghorn stone. Percutaneous abscess drainage was performed in one patient with perirenal abscess. They all recovered without further complications. Conclusion: Abdominal CT should be considered to detect uncomplicated and complicated upper UTIs in SCI patients who present persistent UTI symptoms despite conservative treatments.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to provide basic informations for the encouragements of premature infants' breast feeding. Method: From August 10 to October 9, 2002, we have carried out a statical research which surveyed 148 mothers of premature infants registered in NICU. The sample had generated cluster-randomly from 25 General Hospitals, all over the Korea peninsula and being surveyed with 74 questionnaires. Result: Mean hospitalized day of premature infants was 27.9 days. The mean total feeding period was 19.1 days and continuous breast feeding period 12.4days. They were interested in breast feeding education-they answered that they would join the breast feeding education if they were given the chance 87.8%. There was significant relation between babies fed only breast milk and the body weight of birth(p<.05). The reasons why mother gave the baby her breast milk include 'for her baby's health' and 'people said breast milk is good for babies' with a portion of 99%. The main reason why mothers could not execute breast feeding was 'the deficit of breast milk volume' 50.0% and other reason were 'because of start to support more nutritions '18.2%, 'difficulty to carry out the breast milk to hospital'13.6%. The reasen why mothers could not try breast feeding at first were 'deficit of breast milk volume'37.0%, 'not to be prepared for breast feeding because of unexpected delivery'32.6%. Conclusion: We need a program to inform importance and excellent of the breast feeding and a plan to increase the premature infants' breast feeding through the importation of fortifier.

영상처리보드에 주로 사용되는 멀티코어 CPU는 코어의 특성과 제조사에 따라서 주기적인 단종이 되어 왔다. 기존에 사용하던 Power PC 계열의 NXP의 P2080의 경우도 2개의 코어를 가지고 있으며 각각의 코어에 별도의 TASK 를 할당하여 영상처리를 한다. CPU의 코어의 발전은 기존 CPU의 단종으로 이어진다. 동등 성능 이상이며 시장에서 많이 사용하고 가격은 보다 저렴한 CPU인 NXP의 LS1027로 새롭게 선정해야 한다. LS1027은 AMR 계열의 코어를 가지고 있어서 Power PC 계열의 코어대비 전력 소모가 적다. 본 논문에서는 기존 CPU와 단종 대체하는 CPU와 비교를 통하여 각각의 장점과 단점을 비교한다. 특히 단종 대체 설계이기 때문에 기존에 개발된 소프트웨어에 대하여 최대한 그대로 사용할 수 있는 방법을 적용한다. 이를 위해서 동일한 2개의 코어를 가진 CPU를 선정하고 CPU의 변경에 따라 서 연동되는 FPGA도 새롭게 선정한다. 선정된 CPU와 FPGA의 변경에 따라서 지원되는 DDR 메모리가 달라져서 DDR2에서 DDR3, DDR4로 설계 변경한다. 또한 변경된 CPU를 기반으로 신규 설계를 통하여 기존의 영상처리보드와 성능이 동등이상임을 확인한다.

Multi-core CPUs mainly used in image processing boards have been periodically discontinued depending on the characteristics of the cores and the manufacturer. In the case of NXP's P2080, which was previously used in the Power PC series, it has two cores and assigns separate tasks to each core to perform image processing. The development of CPU cores leads to the discontinuation of existing CPUs. It should be newly selected as NXP's LS1027, which has the same performance or higher, is widely used in the market, and is cheaper. LS1027 has AMR series cores, so it consumes less power than Power PC series cores. In this paper, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of each CPU by comparing it with the CPU that is being discontinued. In particular, since it is a discontinued replacement design, we apply a method that allows the existing software to be used as it is as much as possible. To this end, we select a CPU with the same two cores and select a new FPGA that is linked according to the change in CPU. Depending on the change in the selected CPU and FPGA, the supported DDR memory changes, so the design is changed from DDR2 to DDR3 and DDR4. In addition, we have verified that the performance of the new design based on the changed CPU is equivalent to or better than that of the existing image processing board.

영상처리보드에 주로 사용되는 멀티코어 CPU는 코어의 특성과 제조사에 따라서 주기적인 단종이 되어 왔다. 기존에 사용하던 Power PC 계열의 NXP의 P4080의 경우도 8개의 코어를 가지고 있으며 각각의 코어에 여러 TASK를 할당하여 영상처리를 하였다. CPU의 발전은 기존 CPU의 단종으로 이어졌다. 동등 성능 이상이며 시장에서 많이 사용 하고 가격은 보다 저렴한 CPU로 새롭게 선정해야 했다. 본 논문에서는 기존 CPU와 단종 대체하는 CPU와 비교를 통하 여 각각의 장점과 단점을 비교한다. 특히 적용되는 코어의 특성에 따라서 영상처리 알고리즘 성능에는 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 설명한다. 또한 변경된 CPU를 기반으로 신규 설계를 통하여 기존의 영상처리보드와 성능이 동등이상임을 확 인한다. 대체 설계되는 Intel CPU에 대해서 장점과 단점을 설명한다.

Multi-core CPUs, which are mainly used in image processing boards, have been periodically discontinued depending on the characteristics of the cores and the manufacturer. In the case of NXP's P4080, which was previously used in the Power PC series, it also had 8 cores and assigned multiple tasks to each core to perform image processing. The development of CPUs led to the discontinuation of existing CPUs. It was necessary to select a new CPU that had the same performance or higher, was widely used in the market, and was cheaper. In this paper, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of each CPU by comparing it with the CPU that replaced the discontinued CPU. In particular, we explain what differences there are in the performance of the image processing algorithm depending on the characteristics of the applied core. In addition, we confirm that the performance is equivalent or higher than that of the existing image processing board through a new design based on the changed CPU. We explain the advantages and disadvantages of the Intel CPU that is being replaced.

영상처리보드는 2차원 신호처리를 위하여 방대한 데이터를 처리를 위한 연산량을 고려하여 멀티코어 기반의 CPU를 많이 적용한다. 영상 처리 알고리즘을 실시간 동작시키기 위해서 CPU와　FPGA를 활용하는 하드웨어 구조를 사용하는 영상처리보드가 일반적으로 활용된다. CPU는 멀티코어를 기반으로 실시간 영상처리를 할 수 있다는 장점이 있지만 CPU가 부팅되는 시간동안 임무를 수행하지 못하는 단점이 있다. 전원인가 후에 빠르게 동작하여 영상처리를 통하여 표적을 탐지해야 하는 시스템에 사용하는 것은 적절하지 못하다. 전원 인가 후 빠르게 동작할 수 있도록 부팅시 간을 단축할 수 있는 방법으로 DSP와 FPGA를 활용하는 하드웨어 구조를 제안한다. 4개의 DSP와 FPGA를 통하여 빠르 게 부팅하여 영상 처리하는 추적 알고리즘을 구현하게 된다. 이 구조는 추가 영상 처리에 대한 재구성 및 확장성을 가지 고 소프트웨어 개발에 더 많은 유연성을 제공할 수 있다.

Image processing boards often use multi-core-based CPUs to process massive data for two-dimensional signal processing, considering the amount of computation required. Image processing boards that use hardware structures utilizing CPUs and FPGAs to operate image processing algorithms in real time are generally utilized. CPUs have the advantage of being able to perform real-time image processing based on multi-cores, but they have the disadvantage of not being able to perform tasks while the CPU is booting. It is not appropriate to use it in a system that requires rapid operation after power-on and target detection through image processing. We propose a hardware structure utilizing DSPs and FPGAs as a method to shorten the boot time so that it can operate quickly after power-on. A tracking algorithm that boots quickly and processes images is implemented through four DSPs and FPGAs. This structure can provide more flexibility in software development with reconfigurability and expandability for additional image processing.