Earticle

The use of information and communication technologies in the public sec-tor has continued to grow and develop over the past several years. Now, many governments have developed sophisticated e-government platforms that provide rich and vital information to the public. While there appears to be an evolution of e-government, using technology to enhance citizen en-gagement has yet to follow. Furthermore, it is unclear whether e-government has been utilized to create online deliberative democracies within local government. This study addresses three key issues regarding e-government and deliberation. Local government websites should be de-signed to enhance government-to-citizen (G2C) communication. After achieving G2C communication, e-government can then be used as a tool to facilitate deliberative democracy. Finally, public managers are likely to be more interested in implementing online deliberative democracies. The re-sults of this study consider limitations, challenges, and possibilities to uti-lizing e-government to facilitate online deliberation.

A major challenge faced by countries, and in particular developing countries is to improve the manner in which heterogeneous information systems work together across government, exposing valuable data required to improve government service delivery. Almost every government institution has activities related to each other, which makes interoperability between them a necessity. In view of this, this paper introduces the Analogy of Data within an e-Government Interoperable Ecosystem (AD-eGIE). The ADeGIE provides a theoretical data and systems architectural model for the establishment of interoperability between information systems, which is a key issue in unlocking data that is required for the creation of egovernment solutions. This work deals particularly with sectorial data, which is classified into primary and secondary data, and the means of sharing and exchanging it. To achieve workable e-government electronic services that spans across government sectors, the ideal situation would be to reduce data duplications by substituting secondary sectorial data with primary sectorial data through a standardized data exchange and sharing system architecture.

The multi-criteria decision-making model is an important model for infor-mation and training systems. This paper aims to raise concerns associated with problem-oriented learning management, which is based on the multi-criteria decision-making model that adjusts to the level of doubt the users are likely to encounter. In the proposed method of measuring the level of doubt, the user provides a clear, "transparent situational picture" for more objective decision-making. Additionally, the method makes it possible to reduce the probability of guessing the correct answer, which increases the objectivity of knowledge in diagnostic systems for process control training on remote technology.

This study argues the need for a New Networked E-governance model for global e-Governance development, and emphasizes a dialectical approach through the lens of New Public Service, addressing the social design and construction of public administration. When combining the rational and social design approaches of New Public Service, new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) provide opportunities for public administrators to understand the public sphere. Incorporating citizens’ perspectives can provide the impetus to reshape top-down, managementdriven E-government models (i.e., E-government Maturity Models) into a new pattern of E-governance that is more relevant to the conditions and needs of social networking era at the global level. Thus, the new model will be able to connect citizens and public administrators to critically examine public service, and to use ICTs to improve global e-Governance.

This study aims to investigate the extent of citizen cyber threat awareness and the factors that influence behaviors to counter these threats. Using sur-vey data conducted by the South Korean government, on a stratified sam-ple of 6,000 citizens, this study found that the general public was well aware of the presence of various cyber threats. Citizens perceived that these threats have a high likelihood of occurring to them. While this study found a positive relationship between the perception of threats and security actions, most citizens only took a few essential security measures. These findings reveal an online environment where the responsibility of online security falls chiefly on individual citizens. Ultimately, this creates a situa-tion that leaves citizens vulnerable; there is high level of cyber threat awareness, but a low level of preventative actions. This study discusses policy implications related to these findings and citizen perception of the role of government in cybersecurity.