Earticle

본고는 삼국시대와 통일신라시대 치미의 변천양상을 고찰하였다. 한국 고대 치미는 4세기부터 유행하며, 삼국시대에는 연화문이 유행하였다. 이 시기에는 치미를 상･하로 분리하여 제작하였다. 통일신라시대 치미는 규격이 축소되고 형태가 정형화된다. 문양은 삼국시대의 연화문 중심에서 보주문과 구슬문으로 변화하며, 능골 끝이 버선코 형태로 나타난다. 사천왕사 출토 치미편에서 음각의 ‘루미樓尾’ 명칭이 확인되어 통일신라시대 초기에는 치미의 명칭을 확인할 수 있었다. 한 국 고대 치미는 용마루 위에 배치하여 화재를 예방하고 사악한 기운을 물리치는 벽사와 함께 건 물의 장엄을 위한 목적으로 발전하였다. 월지와 동궁에서 출토한 칠기 ‘불감佛龕’ 현판과 칠기 연봉우리 장식품 그리고 2점의 소형치미 는 규격과 명문, 제작기법을 분석하여 전각형 주자에 사용하였음을 추정하였다. 또한 전각형 주 자는 설계도면에 의해 통일신라시대 수공업 조직이 협업하여 제작하였을 가능성도 제시하였다. 따라서 일본의 옥충주자와 유사한 전각형 주자가 삼국시대부터 통일신라시대까지 유행하였다는 전제에서 소형치미, 현판, 연봉오리 장식품을 고찰하여 증명하였다.

The archaeological discoveries at Thang Long Imperial Citadel (Hanoi, Vietnam) during 2002-2004 and 2008-2009, had unearthed the remains of solid architectural structures as seen from vestige of architectural foundations, as well as various types of special roof tiles. These are the vestiges of palatial architectures within the Imperial Citadel and Forbidden City of ancient Thang Long capital. This is the largest and most important capital of Dai Viet nation, had a long history of existence from the Ly dynasty (1010-1225), Tran (1225-1400) to the Le dynasty (1428-1789). Although the archaeological findings have convincingly prooved that the palaces within Thang Long capital of the Ly dynasty were wooden structures with elaborate tiled roofs, but the form of palatial architecture of the Ly dynasty still does not have enough scientific databases to identify like the Ancient Citadel - Beijing (China), Changdokung-Seoul (Korea) or Nara (Japan). Because, the palatial architecture of the Ly dynasty was lost. There is no architecture from Ly period being preserved or existed in Vietnam nowaday. From the result of scientific researches during last decade through many sources of archaeology, architectural models, stele inscriptions as well as materials from comparative studies with ancient palaces in China, Japan, Korea, the author will analyse and explain the palatial architectural form of Vietnam during the Ly dynasty with the distinctive similarities and differences within architectural history of the East Asia. The palatial architecture of Ly dynasty was also blacket architecture and its form though shared many similarities to ancient palatial architecture in East Asia, but the blacket architecture of the Ly period had different and distinctive features. That was the eleborate combination of scuptural decoration within the blacket system, especially the decoration of the roof with various special and unique tiles that only available in Vietnam. Under the profound influence of Buddhism and Champa art, a new and special art was born from the Ly period with creative moves, full of vitality. In this period, architecture within Thang Long Imperial Citadel were elaborately and magnificently designed, bright with brilliant beauty and designed patterns showing the power of Kingship and Heavenly authority, which created the uniqueness for Vietnam palatial architecture.