This paper began with the question of whether or not In Praise of Poverty (Nuhangsa) truly shows the consciousness of one individual, namely Bak Inro. In order to answer this question an inquiry was made into both the date of and purpose for writing In Praise of Poverty, and the meaning of the "image of bitter poverty while living in the mountains"--that is, "singing of poverty"--depicted in the first part of the work was analyzed based on the results of this inquiry.The results may be summarized as follows. In Praise of Poverty was written not in 1611, when Bak Inro was 51 years old, but, considering the phrase "five years of war" in the work, in 1596, during the seven-year Japanese Invasion and when Bak Inro was 36 years old. Concerning his purpose in writing the work, the old handwritten manuscript is presumed to be closer to the original than the published version, and based on the manuscript it was concluded that this work was not written as an account of Bak Inro's personal experiences or an expression of his own individual understanding of the times, but that it was influenced by Yi Deokhyeong's desire to use song to enlighten the people, who were distressed by war and famine. In light of this date of and purpose for writing, the image of poverty realistically depicted in the first half of the work was not so much drawn from Bak Inro's life experience but a device to form a bond of sympathy with the reader and a technique of literary expression to more clearly highlight the attitude of being faithful to the philosophy of being at peace even in the midst of poverty, an attitude that was depicted in the second half of the work.
한국어
본고는 <누항사>라는 작품이 과연 박인로라는 한 개인의 의식을 드러내는 작품일까 하는 의문에서 출발했다. 이러한 의문을 해결하기 위해 <누항사>의 창작시기와 창작의도를 고찰한 후, 그 결과를 바탕으로 작품의 전반부에 형상화된 ‘山居窮苦之狀’, 즉 ‘歎窮’의 의미를 분석했다.결과를 정리하면, <누항사>는 박인로 51세 때인 1611년이 아니라 작품 속에 쓰인 ‘兵戈五載’에 비추어볼 때 7년의 임진왜란이 진행 중이던 박인로 36세 때인 1596년이며, 창작 의도는 刊行本에 기록된 ‘問作’보다 원본에 더 근접한다고 추정되는 古寫本의 ‘命作’에 근거할 때 박인로 자신의 체험이나 시대 상황에 대한 개인적 의식을 표현한 것이 아니라 당시 전란과 기근으로 인해 동요하는 민심을 노래를 통해 교화하고자 한 한음 이덕형의 의도가 개입된 것으로 보았다. 그리고 이러한 창작시기와 창작의도에 비추어볼 때, 작품의 전반부에 사실적으로 형상화된 궁핍상은 작가인 박인로의 개인적 삶을 형상화한 것이라기보다는 청자의 공감대를 형성하기 위한 장치이면서 작품 후반부에서 ‘安貧一念’에 충실하려는 태도를 더욱 선명하게 부각시키기 위한 문학적인 표현기법이라고 보았다.
목차
국문요약 1. 문제제기 2. <陋巷詞>의 創作時期와 創作意圖 3. <陋巷詞>에 나타난 ‘嘆窮’’의 의미 4. 맺음말 참고문헌 Abstract
키워드
박인로이덕형누항사창작시기창작의도탄궁표현기법Bak InroYi DeokhyeongIn Praise of Povertydate of writingpurpose for writingsinging of povertyexpression technique