Earticle

초록

영어

Lead (Pb) contamination may limit the use of white-rot fungi for lignocellulose waste conversion; however, fungal growth, morphology, and extracellular enzyme systems may exhibit different responses to Pb stress. In this study, after culturing the Trametes versicolor KACC 44767 strain for 30 d, the physiological, structural, and enzymatic responses to nominal Pb concentrations of 0, 100, 200, and 300 mg/L were evaluated. Mycelial dry weight, color, and microstructure, as well as lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), β-glucosidase, and hemicellulase activities were analyzed. In addition, patterns according to treatment levels were analyzed using z-score heatmaps, hierarchical clustering, and exploratory Spearman correlation analysis. Dry weight decreased significantly from 216.1 ± 0.7 mg in the control group to 111.5 ± 1.1 mg after treatment with 300 mg/L Pb, representing a 48.4% decrease (Tukey’s honestly significant difference test, p < 0.05). The mycelial color changed from ivory to dark yellow. After treatment with 300 mg/L, the mycelial area ratio, branching, crossing, length, and aggregation increased, whereas porosity and pore size decreased compared to those of the control group. The enzymatic reactions were heterogeneous. LiP was maintained at up to 200 mg/L treatment and decreased at 300 mg/L, MnP peaked at 100 mg/L, hemicellulase peaked at 200 mg/L, and β-glucosidase decreased monotonically by 85.0% compared to the control group at 300 mg/L. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that the 100 and 200 mg/L treatment groups were the most closely grouped, whereas the 300 mg/L treatment group was isolated. Spearman correlation analysis showed inverse trends between Pb/color and dry weight/β-glucosidase depending on the treatment level. Overall, T. versicolor may retain the extracellular enzymatic potential associated with lignocellulose degradation under low-to-moderate Pb exposure, as indicated by the relative maintenance or induction of LiP, MnP, and hemicellulase activities. However, fungal growth and several types of enzyme activities were inhibited after high Pb exposure. Because substrate mass loss and compositional changes in lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose were not assessed, these results should not be interpreted as direct evidence of lignocellulose degradation.

목차

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Prepared white rot fungus and lead (Pb) stress conditions
Morphological analysis and white rot fungi
Integrated data standardization and hierarchical clustering
Spearman’s correlation and variable clustering
Statistical analysis
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Decrease in mycelial biomass as a function of lead concentration
Changes in mycelium color according to lead concentration
Qualitative SEM observations of mycelial network reconfiguration under Pb exposure
Differential responses of lignin-degrading enzymes and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes to lead (Pb)
Exploratory overview of the integrated Pb response profiles
Exploratory correlation analysis of lead exposure, growth, color, and enzyme activity
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES

키워드

저자

• So Yeon Kim [ Department of Environmental Forest Science/Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea ]
• Do Hyeon Kim [ Department of Environmental Forest Science/Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea ]
• Hyeon Cheol Kim [ Department of Environmental Forest Science/Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea ]
• Jae-Kyung Yang [ Department of Environmental Forest Science/Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea ]
• Si Young Ha [ Department of Environmental Forest Science/Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea ]

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  한국버섯학회지 [Journal of MUSHROOMS]

• 간기

  계간

• pISSN

  1738-0294

• eISSN

  2288-8853

• 수록기간

  2003~2026

• 등재여부

  KCI 등재

• 십진분류

  KDC 525 DDC 635