Earticle

초록

영어

Before the establishment of proto-wajil pottery during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period in the Yeongnam region, clusters of wooden coffin tombs featuring triangular attached-rim pottery and iron objects as grave goods began to emerge in the Daegu and Gyeongsan areas of the Geumho River basin and the Gyeongju area of the Hyeongsan River basin. Attached-rim pottery with triangular (in cross-section) clay bands, which succeeded the attached-rim pottery featuring round (in cross-section) clay bands of the Early Iron Age, first appeared around the late third century BCE in the Mangyeong River basin of southwestern Korea, including sites such as Gal-dong in Wanju, where wooden coffin tomb clusters had already been constructed. Under this influence, wooden coffin tomb clusters with triangular attached-rim pottery deposited as grave goods began to be established in the Geumho and Hyeongsan River basins from approximately the early second century BCE. Although it is difficult to establish a relative chronology for these earliest wooden coffin tomb clusters of the Geumho and Hyeongsan River basins due to the lack of standardization observed in the deposited triangular attached-rim pottery, they can be divided into four phases on the basis of the typological study of the black burnished long-necked jars also used as grave goods. These tombs continued to be constructed with little significant change until around 100 BCE, when new types of iron artifacts began to be interred in the wooden coffin tombs and proto-wajil pottery emerged, marking the transition to the Proto-Three Kingdoms period. At the same time, the wooden coffin tomb clusters, which were constructed at discrete intervals within the Daegu, Gyeongsan, and Gyeongju regions, indicate that villages were aggregating into larger settlement units, namely eupnak (邑落). Evidence from these settlements shows increasing social stratification and the emergence of elite individuals. It is therefore likely that political entities referred to as guk (國) had already begun to form in the Geumho and Hyeongsan River basins during the Early Iron Age. On this basis, it may be argued that differentiation between Jinhan and Byeonhan occurred during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period in the Yeongnam region.

한국어

영남지방에서 원삼국시기의 고식와질토기가 성립하기 이전 금호강유역의 대구와 경산지역, 형산강유역의 경주지역에서는 삼각형점토대토기와 철기를 부장한 집단 목관묘가 조영되기 시작하였다. 초기철기시대의 원형점토대토기를 이은 삼각형점토대토기는 이미 집단 목관묘를 조영하고 있었던 완주 갈동유적 등 한반도 서남부지방의 만경강유역에서 서기 3세기 후엽경에 발생하였으며, 금호강과 형산강유역에서는 그 영향으로 서기전 2세기 전엽경부터 삼각형점토대토기를 부장한 목관묘군이 조영되기 시작한 것으로 판단된다. 금호강・형산강유역의 이 초현기 목관묘군들은 그 부장토기인 삼각형점토대토기의 정형성이 떨어져 상대편년에 어려움이 있으나, 그 중 흑도장경호를 통해 모두 4기로 나눌 수 있으며, 서기전 100년경 목관묘에 새로운 기종의 철기들이 부장되고 고식와질토기가 성립하여 원삼국시기로 전환될 때까지 큰 변화없이 조영되었다. 그러나 대구・경산・경주의 각 지역 안에서 각각 일정한 거리를 두고 조영된 목관묘군들은 취락들이 결집하여 邑落을 형성해 간 것을 보여준다. 취락에서는 계층화가 진행되고 유력 개인이 성장해 간 모습이 확인되어, 금호강・형산강유역에서는 초기철기시대에 이미 ‘國’이 형성되기 시작하였고, 이를 바탕으로 영남지방에서는 원삼국시기에 들어와 진한과 변한이 분화되어 간 것으로 판단된다.

목차

【국문초록】
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 삼각형점토대토기 단계의 토기와 철기 편년
Ⅲ. 초현기 목관묘의 전개와 ‘국’의 형성
Ⅳ. 맺음말
참고문헌
Abstract

키워드

저자

• 최병현 [ Choi, Byung-hyun | 대한민국학술원 회원 ]

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  숭실사학 [SOONG SIL SAHAK(The Historical Review of Soong Sil University)]

• 간기

  반년간

• pISSN

  2005-9701

• 수록기간

  1983~2026

• 등재여부

  KCI 등재

• 십진분류

  KDC 911 DDC 951