Earticle

초록

영어

A large portion of South Africa’s Black population remains restricted by intergenerational education and economic disadvantages. Just 10% of Black individuals have a high value qualification, and poverty is a daily threat for 76% of South Africans. This risk is greatest among the Black population. In the face of adversity, private transfers between family members are important in the provision of economic and social security. Media discourse on “black tax” has highlighted the responsibilities that individuals face to financially support their family networks. The term typically refers to financial contributions that Black professionals are expected to make to less fortunate family members. While young white South Africans might enter the labor market with generational wealth and additional support from their parents, young Black South Africans face an additional “tax” on their income in the form of support offered to their families. The term, however, is contentious. A recently published book of essays on the topic, which delves into the lived experiences of the book’s contributors and their kin, queries whether black tax is a “burden or Ubuntu”. The contributors’ stories are testament to the prevalence of private networks of support, although opinions vary about whether “black tax” is a burden or ubuntu. The word ubuntu, common to many indigenous languages and cultures in South Africa, literally translates as ‘humanity’, but encompasses the idea that “I am because you are and since we are, therefore I am”. My humanity is inextricably bound up in yours. We belong to a bundle of life. A person is a person through other persons. It largely speaks to concern for others and/or community wellbeing, which can in turn govern solidarity, mutual exchange and reciprocity. It is against this culture of humanity that opponents of the term “black tax” advocate for terms such as “collective family responsibility” instead Economic development is the creation by which the economic wellbeing and quality of life of a nation, region, local community or individual are improved according to targeted goals and objectives. Individuals earn income from which savings are made and subsequently invested, expanding income earning bracket, leading to prosperity. Ubuntu concept is critical rallying spirit of social integration and cohesion in black Africa without economic blue print. Ubuntu promotes high percentage of dependents compromising savings. A unifying spirit across the continent under different names including; “Ujamaa” in Tanzania, “Harambee” in Kenya, “Teranga” in Senegal, and “Gada” in Ethiopia. The concept develops the internality (inner person) at the expense of externality (economic wellbeing). The integration of the Internality and externality results in the holistic, leading to Interdependance, Mutual prosperity and Universal values.

목차

Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Simulation
3. Conclusions
References

키워드

저자

• Fredrick Wakhisi [ Universal Peace Federation, Kenya ]

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  선문효정학술연구회 학술대회 프로시딩

• 간기

  반년간

• 수록기간

  2023~2026

• 십진분류

  KDC 238 DDC 289