Beyond NIMBY : Risk Perception, Discursive Construction, and Social Acceptability in Correctional Facility Siting in South Korea
교정시설 입지 갈등의 재조명 : 위험 인식, 담론적 구성, 그리고 사회적 수용성
Based on this analysis, the article argues that correctional facility siting should be understood not merely as a problem of risk mitigation, but as a challenge of perception governance. It calls for a shift from evidence provision to risk communication, greater emphasis on procedural legitimacy and participatory decision-making, and policy strategies that address both material conditions and symbolic meanings. By integrating empirical analysis with discursive insights, the study offers a conceptual framework for understanding and managing siting conflicts in a manner that enhances social acceptability. This article examines correctional facility siting conflicts in South Korea through a discursive and governance-oriented lens. While public opposition is commonly justified through concerns about increased crime rates and declining property values, this study argues that such conflicts cannot be fully explained by reference to objective risk conditions alone. Drawing upon prior empirical analyses, the study finds no consistent evidence that proximity to correctional facilities leads to systematic increases in crime or decreases in real estate values. Rather than resolving the issue, these findings highlight a gap between empirical patterns and widely circulated perceptions. To account for this discrepancy, the article adopts a discursive constructionist approach, analyzing how risk perceptions are produced, stabilized, and reproduced through recurring narratives. It identifies three dominant narratives— crime increase, property value decline, and community stigma—that structure public opposition and shape policy outcomes. These narratives operate as socially embedded frameworks that persist independently of empirical validation. Based on this analysis, the article argues that correctional facility siting should be understood not merely as a problem of risk mitigation, but as a challenge of perception governance. It calls for a shift from evidence provision to risk communication, greater emphasis on procedural legitimacy and participatory decision-making, and policy strategies that address both material conditions and symbolic meanings. By integrating empirical analysis with discursive insights, the study offers a conceptual framework for understanding and managing siting conflicts in a manner that enhances social acceptability.
한국어
이 연구는 한국에서의 교정시설 입지 갈등을 담론적·거버넌스적 관점에서 분석한다. 교정시설에 대한 지역사회의 반대는 일반적으로 범죄 증가와 부동산 가치 하락에 대한 우려를 중심으로 정당화되지만, 이 연구는 이러한 갈등이 단순히 객관적 위험 조건만으로는 충분히 설명될 수 없음을 주장한다. 기존의 실증 분석을 재검토한결과, 교정시설 인접성이 범죄율 상승이나 부동산 가치 하락으로 일관되게 이어진다는 경험적 증거는 확인되지 않았다. 오히려 이러한 결과는 실증적 양상과 사회적으로 공유되는 인식 사이의 괴리를 보여준다. 이와 같은 괴리를 설명하기 위해 이 연구는 담론적 구성주의 접근을 채택하여, 위험 인식이 어떻게 형성·안정화·재생산되는지를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 범죄 증가, 부동산 가치 하락, 그리고 지역 낙인이라는 세 가지의 핵심 담론이 반복적으로 등장하며 입지 갈등을 구조화하고 정책적 대응에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 담론은 경험적 검증 여부와는 관계 없이 사회적으로 공유되는 해석의 틀로 작동한다. 이에 이 연구는 교정시설 입지 문제를 단순한 위험 관리의 문제가 아니라 ‘인식 거버넌스(Perception Governance)’의 문제로 재정립할 필요가 있음을 제시한다. 이를 위해 실증자료 제시에 그치는 접근을 넘어, 위험 커뮤니케이션의 강화, 절차적 정당성 및 참여적 의사결정의 확대, 그리고 물리적 조건과 상징적 의미를 함께 고려하는정책적 접근이 필요함을 강조한다. 나아가 이 연구는 실증 분석과 담론 분석을 통합함으로써 교정시설 입지 갈등에 대한 이해를 심화하고, 사회적 수용성 제고를 위한개념적 틀을 제시하고자 한다.
목차
<요약> Ⅰ. Introduction Ⅱ. Theoretical Framework 1. Beyond NIMBY: From Distributive Conflict to Discursive Conflict 2. Risk Perception Theory & the Social Construction of Threat 3. Stigma, Spatial Meaning, and Penal Infrastructure 4. Discursive Construction and the Stabilization of Risk Narratives 5. Social Acceptability as a Governance Problem 6. Analytical Implications Ⅲ. Discursive Structure of Correctional Facility Conflicts in South Korea 1. Recurrent Narratives and the Structure of Opposition 2. The Crime Increase Narrative: Causal Simplification and Amplification 3. The Property Value Decline Narrative: Economic Rationalization of Opposition 4. The Community Stigma Narrative: Symbolic Devaluation and Spatial Identity 5. Discursive Stabilization of Risk Narratives Ⅳ. Empirical Evidence Revisited: Crime, Property Values, and the Limits of Empirical Resolution 1. Crime Rates and Correctional Facility Proximity 2. Property Values and Spatial Variation 3. Interpreting the Empirical–Perceptual Gap Ⅴ. Discussion: Why the Gap Persists 1. Stigma and the Symbolic Anchoring of Risk 2. Information Asymmetry and Epistemic Dependence 3. Procedural Distrust and the Legitimacy Deficit 4. Policy Communication and the Limits of Evidence-Based Persuasion 5. Cognitive Mechanisms of Risk Stabilization 6. From Risk to Trust: Toward Perception Governance Ⅵ. Policy Implications and Conclusion 1. Rethinking Correctional Facility Siting as a Problem of Perception Governance 2. From Evidence Provision to Risk Communication 3. Procedural Legitimacy and Participatory Siting 4. Addressing Stigma and Symbolic Dimensions 5. Toward an Integrated Framework of Perception Governance 6. Conclusion 【참고문헌】 【ABSTRACT】 【Appendix】