The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the impact of corporate ESG activities on intangible assets and research and development (R&D) expenditures. The research sample consists of 4,457 firm-year observations from companies listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ between 2011 and 2019, excluding those in the financial industry. ESG ratings provided by the Korea Corporate Governance Service (KCGS) were used as the independent variables. The dependent variables were defined as the ratio of intangible assets to total assets and the ratio of R&D expenditures to sales, while the independent variables included the ESG overall score and the sub-scores for environment (E), social (S), and governance (G). Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were employed as the primary methodologies. The results indicate that the overall ESG score has a statistically significant positive effect on both intangible assets and R&D expenditures. Specifically, the environmental (E) score shows a significant positive relationship with R&D but not with intangible assets, while the social (S) and governance (G) scores exhibit significant positive relationships with both intangible assets and R&D expenditures. These findings suggest that ESG activities contribute substantially to the accumulation of intangible resources and the expansion of innovation-related investments. This study empirically demonstrates that ESG activities are closely linked to strategic resources such as intangible assets and R&D expenditures. The findings imply that ESG management not only fulfills corporate social responsibility but also enhances innovation capacity and fosters the foundation for sustainable growth.