Earticle

초록

영어

The World Health Organization (WHO) holds that organ transplantation is the optimal treatment for patients suffering from severe diseases. Since the successful completion of the first human organ transplantation surgery in the 1960s, although the related technology has achieved significant development, the legal and ethical issues arising from organ donation and transplantation have always been one of the major topics discussed by legal professionals. This paper focuses on legal and ethical issues in the field of organ donation, attempting to conduct research with the core goal of addressing ethical disputes arising from organ donation in China and protecting the rights of donors through institutional construction. Admittedly, China has enacted the Regulations on Human Organ Donation and Transplantation at the legal level regarding organ donation and transplantation. However, there is still room for improvement and discussion on institutional elements such as the principles of organ donation, implementing entities, supervisory entities, donation procedures, and relief mechanisms. Therefore, in the context of this paper, emphasis is placed not only on the establishment of principles in the system but also on procedural elements, safeguard elements, and other components of specific institutional construction. In establishing principles, this paper demonstrates the legitimacy of organ donation from a utilitarian perspective and discusses the shortcomings of this doctrine, laying a theoretical foundation for establishing ethical principles. In terms of specific institutional elements, drawing on the legislative and practical experiences of Japan and the United States, the legal system for organ donation is constructed in detail by dividing it into pre-donation and post-donation stages according to the process. The pre-donation stage focuses on the establishment of death criteria and the autonomous choice of donors. It compares differences in brain death legislation among various countries, analyzes the current situation of the lack of legislation on death criteria in China, criticizes the "presumed consent" donation model, and advocates for "express consent" to protect the personal interests of donors. The post-donation stage, drawing on Japan's mature experience, emphasizes the need to establish a support system for donors relatives covering psychological counseling, medical support, and post-operative follow-up, to make up for the principled deficiencies in China's current care policies. Finally, the legal system for organ donation is constructed in detail by dividing it into pre-donation and post-donation stages according to the process. The pre-donation stage focuses on the establishment of death criteria and the autonomous choice of donors. It compares differences in brain death legislation among various countries, analyzes the current situation of the lack of legislation on death criteria in China, criticizes the "presumed consent" donation model, and advocates for "express consent" to protect the personal interests of donors. The post-donation stage, drawing on Japan's mature experience, emphasizes the need to establish a support system for donor relatives covering psychological counseling, medical support, and post-operative follow-up, to make up for the principled deficiencies in China's current care policies.

중국어

世界卫生组织认为，器官移植是挽救身患严重疾病患者的最佳治疗方法。自20世纪 60年代人类成功完成第一例器官移植手术至今，尽管其技术得到了长足的发展，但是 因器官捐献、移植所引发的法律问题、伦理问题一直成为法律界人士探讨的重大课题 之一。 本文聚焦器官捐献领域的法与伦理问题，尝试通过以构建制度的方式将我国在器官 捐献中产生的伦理争议、捐献者的权利保护等问题为核心目标展开研究。诚然，我国 针对器官捐献、移植问题在法律层面已经颁布了《人体器官捐献和移植条例》，但是有 关器官捐献的原则、执行主体、监督主体、捐献流程、救济机制等制度要素还存在改 善与探讨的余地。因而本文在行文中，既着重于制度中原则的确立，也关注具体制度 构建要素中的程序要素、保障要素等。 在原则的确立中，本文以功利主义视角论证器官捐献的正当性，并针对该主义的不 足进行探讨，为确立伦理原则搭建了理论基础。在具体制度要素中参考日本、美国的 立法与实践经验，将器官捐献法律制度按流程分为捐献前期与后期进行具体构建。捐 献前期重点探讨死亡标准的确立与捐献者自主选择问题，对比各国脑死亡立法差异， 分析我国死亡标准立法缺失的现状，并批判 “推定同意” 捐献模式，主张以 “明示同意” 保障捐献者人格利益；捐献后期则借鉴日本成熟经验，强调需建立涵盖心理疏 导、医疗支持、术后回访的捐献者亲属支援体制，弥补我国当前关怀政策的原则性缺 陷。 最后，将器官捐献法律制度按流程分为捐献前期与后期进行具体构建。捐献前期重 点探讨死亡标准的确立与捐献者自主选择问题，对比各国脑死亡立法差异，分析我国 死亡标准立法缺失的现状，并批判 “推定同意” 捐献模式，主张以 “明示同意” 保障 捐献者人格利益；捐献后期则借鉴日本成熟经验，强调需建立涵盖心理疏导、医疗支 持、术后回访的捐献者亲属支援体制，弥补我国当前关怀政策的原则性缺陷。

목차

摘要
Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Construction of the Legal System for Organ Donation – Establishment of Ethical Principles
Ⅲ. Construction of Specific Legal Systems for Organ Donation
Ⅳ. Conclusion
Bibliography
ABSTRACT

키워드

저자

• 王梓 [ 왕재 | PhD Candidate, School of Civil and Commercial Law, Southwest University of Political Science & Law ]

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  원광법학 [Journal of Law research]

• 간기

  계간

• pISSN

  1598-429X

• eISSN

  2508-4526

• 수록기간

  1962~2026

• 등재여부

  KCI 등재

• 십진분류

  KDC 360 DDC 340