野談을 통해 본 朝鮮後期 科擧 — 『綺里叢話』 所在 科擧談 중심으로 —
The state examination of the Late Joseon Dynasty through Yadam - Focusing on the State Examination Stories in 『Girichongwha(綺里叢話)』- 야담을 통해 본 조선후기 과거 — 『기리총화』 소재 과거담 중심으로 —
This paper aims to examine the aspects and characteristics of state examination stories in『Girichongwha』and to explore the realities and cultural backgrounds of the state examination system in the late Joseon period. The state examination stories in 『Girichongwha』, the method of proving the writing dexterity and discerning eye of a specific person using the form of sihwa(詩話) was remarkable, and this was intended to increase realism. In addition, various cheating-related behaviors were contained, and although fictionality was added through stories or citations heard, there were also fact-oriented characteristics. In addition, the most frequently identified topic is Exam-Taking culture, and the common content in these anecdotes was the desperation to pass. This earnestness was confirmed as a realistic aspect, but the unrealistic element of dreams prevailed, and narrative was emphasized along with it. As a result, state examination stories in 『Girichongwha』 was characterized by the fact that factual and fictional elements were equal. This was because a narrative was added to a fact-oriented anecdote through stories and citations heard, or a fictional element such as dreams and tricks was strong, but it was implemented as an anecdote by linking one's own or surrounding experiences. In addition, full text and citations were used as a logical basis for the events he experienced. Through this, it was possible to double the dramatic effect of the narrative and confirm the critical writing consciousness related to the state examination.
한국어
이 글에서는 『綺里叢話』에 담긴 科擧談의 양상과 특징을 확인하고 이를 통해 조선후기 科擧의 실상이나 응시문화 및 사회 분위기를 살피고자 하였다. 『기리총화』 과거담에는 詩話 형식을 활용한 특정 인물의 文才와 眼目을 증명하는 방식이 두드러졌는데, 이는 사실성을 높이기 위한 의도였다. 또한 科弊와 관련된 행태들이 다양하게 담겨 있다. 이들 일화에서는 傳聞과 引用을 통해 허구성이 가미되어 있지만 사실 지향적인 점도 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 가장 많이 확인되는 주제는 응시문화인데, 합격의 간절함에 관한 내용이 두드러졌다. 이러한 간절함은 현실적 면모도 확인되지만, 주로 꿈이라는 비현실적 요소가 우세하며 이와 함께 서사성이 강조되었다. 그 결과 『기리총화』 과거담에는 사실적 요소와 허구적 요소가 균등하다는 점이 특징이었다. 이는 傳聞과 引用을 통해 사실 지향적 일화에서도 서사가 가미되거나, 꿈과 속임수와 같은 허구적 요소가 강하면서도 자신이나 주변인 경험을 연계하였기 때문이었다. 나아가 전문과 인용을 자신이 경험한 사건에 근거로 활용하기도 했다. 이를 통해 서사의 극적 효과를 배가하는 동시에 科擧와 관련된 현실 비판적 저술의식도 확인할 수 있었다.