Earticle

초록

영어

This study conducts a systematic comparative analysis of cybercrime statistical frameworks employed by the Korean National Police Agency and the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation's Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3). The primary objective is to diagnose structural limitations inherent in Korea's current system and propose evidence-based improvement measures for establishing a victim-centric statistical indicator framework. As cybercrime continues to evolve in complexity and scale, with substantial economic and social impacts, the adequacy of statistical systems in measuring real-world damages and informing policy responses has become increasingly critical for effective law enforcement and victim protection. The analytical framework employs five distinct dimensions: statistical framework orientation, key performance indicators, conceptual definitions of offense recognition and resolution, data granularity, and information accessibility. The research materials comprise the IC3's “Internet Crime Report 2024” and publicly available Korean National Police Agency cybercrime statistics covering 2023-2024. The methodological approach integrates literature review and comparative institutional analysis to examine fundamental design principles and operational mechanisms of both systems, enabling systematic identification of structural differences and their policy implications. The analysis reveals fundamental structural differences. IC3 operates on a victimcentric framework that systematically measures financial losses, age-specific victim patterns, cryptocurrency involvement, and asset recovery rates. In 2024, IC3 reported total losses of $16.6 billion from approximately 847,000 complaints, with investment fraud accounting for $6.57 billion, representing the highest single-category damage. Victims aged 60 and above suffered $4.8 billion in damages, representing 29% of total losses despite comprising only 17% of complaints, demonstrating acute vulnerability among elderly populations. The Recovery Asset Team froze $560 million through 3,020 Financial Fraud Kill Chain interventions, achieving a 66% success rate. This multidimensional approach enables comprehensive assessment of cybercrime severity beyond mere incident counts. In contrast, Korea's system maintains a performancecentric framework focused on “offenses occurred” and “clearances,” concepts largely unchanged since adopting Japan's statistical model in 1962. This design prioritizes investigative agency performance measurement over victim impact assessment. Critically, despite cyber fraud constituting 72.6% of all recorded cybercrimes (228,434 cases in 2024), no systematic financial loss data is collected or published in official statistics. The system records only incident counts and clearance rates, fundamentally limiting evidence-based policy formulation and rational resource allocation decisions. Case simulation analysis demonstrates these differences concretely. A hypothetical cryptocurrency investment fraud case involving KRW 100 million would generate multidimensional data entries in IC3?including loss amount, victim age group, crime type specificity, cryptocurrency involvement, and recovery status. The Korean system records this identical incident simply as “one cyber fraud occurrence, uncleared,” resulting in complete information loss regarding damage magnitude, victim characteristics, and crime methodology. This information asymmetry creates significant policy implications. Without loss data, policymakers cannot prioritize responses based on economic severity or evaluate resource deployment effectiveness. This study proposes three reform directions: conceptual redefinition from “occurrence/clearance” to “offenses known/cases resolved”; victim-centric indicator integration through systematic collection of financial losses and demographic data via ECRM and KICS systems; and adoption of asset recovery rates as core performanc...

한국어

이 연구는 한국과 미국의 사이버범죄 통계 지표체계를 비교 분석하여 한국 사이버범죄 통계 체계의 구조적 한계를 진단하고 개선방안을 제시하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 미국 FBI 산하 인터넷범죄신고센터 (IC3)의 ｢Internet Crime Report 2024｣와 한국 경찰청의 2023~2024년 사이버범죄 통계를 대상으로 문헌연구 및 비교제도 분석방법론을 적용하여 연구하였다. 분석결과, IC3는 피해자 중심(victim-centric) 프레임워크를 기반으로 피해액, 자산회수율, 연령대별 손실액, 암호화폐 연계 여부 등을 핵심지표로 활용하여 사이버범죄의 실질적 심각도를 다차원으로 측정하고 피해자 구제성과를 측정하고 있었다. 이에 반해, 한국 경찰청의 사이버범죄 통계는 ‘발생’과 ‘검거’를 중심으로 한 수사기관 실적 중심(performance-centric) 체계로, 실제 피해규모와 피해 회복 성과를 측정 하는 데 구조적 한계를 보였다. 특히 전체 사이버범죄의 72.6%를 차지하는 사이버사기의 피해액 통계가 부재하여 실질적인 경제적 피해에 대한 기초자료로서의 기능이 미흡하였다. 사례 시뮬레이션을 통해 동일한 1억 원 규모의 사이버범죄 사건이 IC3 통계에서는 다차원적 정보로 기록되나, 한국 통계에서는 단순히 발생 1건으로만 처리되어 정책 정보의 손실 현상을 가시화하였다. 본 연구는 한국 사이버범죄 통계 체계의 개선을 위해 ‘발생과 검거’ 중심에서 ‘인지와 해결’ 중심으로의 개념 재정립, 피해액ㆍ회수액ㆍ연령대별 피해 등 피해자 중심 지표의 도입, 피해회복률의 핵심 성과지표(KPI) 도입을 제안하였다. 이는 사이버범죄 통계를 수사기관의 실적 측정 도구에서 피해자 구제와 정책 수립을 위한 실질적 근거로 전환하는 데 기여할 것이다.

저자

• 고상협

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  한국치안행정논집 [Journal of Korean Public Police and Security Studies]

• 간기

  계간

• pISSN

  1738-5032

• 수록기간

  2004~2025

• 등재여부

  KCI 등재

• 십진분류

  KDC 350 DDC 350