Earticle

초록

영어

Korean literatures that contains belief in Haneunim (God) has been briefly reviewed from ancient time to Lee dynasty. Worships to heaven that had been performed every year with songs and dances in ancient times were Korean proper religious services. Ancient Korean seemed to be well-educated and sincere as written in various ancient Chinese history books. Since each dynasty advertised that heaven had endowed its justness, their kings, subjects and people believed in God. No matter what its state religion was, Buddhism or Confucianism, Haneunim of each Korean ancient dynasty was only one God who takes the highest position. Buddha, Confucius, Lao-tzu and other spirits are all low-rank ones who serve Haneunim and all ancient Korean including Buddhists, confucian, and taoists believed in Haneunim. The belief in Haneunim had been affected by various foreign religions as time passed. Taoism provided the names of God, heavenly palaces, and many spirits. Confucianism had a great effect on the formation of modern belief in Haneunim. Although confucian believed in God and heaven, they suppressed petition, incantation, and religious services as possible as they could. On the other hand, they emphasized belief in God through introspection and performance of his duties. The suppression of all kind of religious services reduced the functions of many spirits who served Haneunim. As a result, uniqueness of God was reinforced greatly and people prayed to Haneunim rather than to other spirits. The belief in Haneunim has been succeeded to the present day without being assimilated to a particular religion although it has been affected by foreign religions more or less. While Sang-Je, the name of God of taoism, was frequently used in poetry and novels, Haneunim was coined and used in the literatures from the middle age of Lee-dynasty. This proves the belief in Haneunim is a Korean proper belief rather than taoism. Especially, novels written in the latter Lee-dynasty and shamanic poetry shows the Korean proper belief in Haneunim was not belong to any other foreign religion. Most of Modern Korean religions, whether domestic or not, seem to be gathering about Haneunim as much as all of founders of religions served Haneunim in ancient times. Any religious body can use the name Haneunim who is not belong to any particular body. Most Korean religious bodies uses the name Haneunim for their God and seem to be one body that believes in Haneunim.

한국어

상고시대부터 조선시대까지의 문헌들을 조사하여 대한민국 고유의 하느님 신앙에 대해 정리했다. 상고시대부터 하늘 제사는 끊이지 않고 이어졌고 하느 님 신앙에 대한 기록은 다수가 전해져 내려온다. 여러 사상에 의하여 크고 작은 영향을 받았지만 우리 고유의 하느님 신앙은 어떤 하나의 종파에 속하지 않고 독자적으로 전승되어 지금에 이르렀다. 시가나 소설에서 도교적인 상제 라는 말이 사용되다가 하느님이라는 말이 조어되어 조선 중기 이후의 한글문학에 사용되었다. 이는 하느님 신앙이 도교적인 것이 아니고 우리 고유의 신앙임을 보이는 하나의 증거이다. 특히 이조시대에 유행하였던 적강소설이나 지금까지 전승되는 무가(巫歌)들은 유불도의 어느 종교에도 속하지 아니하고 우리나라에서 독자적으로 발전한 하느님 신앙의 모습을 보여주고 있다.

목차

【국문초록】
1. 머리말
2. 삼국시대까지의 하느님 신앙
1) 삼국유사 기록
2) 삼국사기 기록
3) 중국문헌 기록
3. 고려 시대의 하느님 신앙
1) 하늘 제사
2) 도교의 영향
3) 시가류와 소설
4. 조선 시대의 하느님 신앙
1) 하늘 제사
2) 시가류
3) 유교의 영향
4) 적강소설
5. 맺음말
[참고문헌]
【Abstract】

키워드

저자

• 최윤수 [ Choi, Yoonsoo | 국학연구소, 연구원 ]

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  국학연구 [國學硏究]

• 간기

  연간

• pISSN

  1598-4524

• 수록기간

  1988~2025

• 십진분류

  KDC 911 DDC 951