Earticle

초록

영어

The āryā is one of the representative metres of jāti (also called mātrāchandas). Jāti, unlike vṛttachandas, is not a poem composed of syllables and gaṇa, but a poem determined by the number of mātrā and gaṇa. Āryā is a non-vedic meter originating from the old-gīti and veḍha used in the Jain Prakrit, Pāli, Hybrid-Buddhist Sanskrit. There are nine forms in āryā, and there is also a difference in the total number of mārtās. For convenience, the āryā can be classified into Āryā-group and Gīti-group. I. Āryā-group 1. The General Rules for Āryā-pathyā i. gaṇas that can be used in āryā are as follows. ii. ∪―∪ can not be used for odd gaṇa(Ist., IIIrd., Vth., VIIth. gaṇas). iii. The sixth gaṇa of the pādaa-b should be ∪―∪ or ∪æ∪∪∪. iv. The sixth gaṇa of the pādac-d is ∪. v. The eighth gaṇa of the pādaa-b and pādac-d should be ― or ∪∪ vi. Pathyā of āryā has a ceasura(æ) after the IIIrd gaṇa, otherwise the āryā is called vipulā. 2. Capalās The capalās are determined in the form that ∪―∪(jagaṇa) is used in the IInd, VIth gaṇa. The ∪―∪(jagaṇa) used in the IInd, VIth gaṇa of the first half-verse(pādaa-b) is called mukhacapalā and the one which was used in the sixth gaṇa of the second half-verses (pāda c-d) is called jaghanacapalā, and the ∪―∪ (jagaṇa) used for both the first half-verses and second half-verses is called mahācapalā or ubhyacalalā. II. Gīti group 1. Gīti Gīti is the form in which the VIth gaṇa of the first half-verse (pāda a-b) and the VIth gaṇa of the second half-verse (pāda c-d) are both ∪―∪ or ∪æ∪∪∪. Therefore, the mātrā number of gīti is 12, 18, 12, 18, and 60m ātrās in total. 2. Upagīti Upagīti is the form in which the VIth gaṇa in the first half (pāda a-b) and the second halfverse(pāda c-d) are both ∪. Therefore, the mātrā number of upagīti is 12, 15, 12, 15, and 54 mātrās in total. 3. Udgīti Udgīti is a form in which the VIth gaṇa of the first half verse (pāda a-b) is ∪ and the sixth gaṇa of the second half (pāda c-d) is ∪―∪ or ∪æ∪∪∪. Therefore, the mātrā number of udgīti is 12, 15, 12, 18, and 57m ātrās in total. 4. Āryāgīti Āryāgīti is the form in which ∪―∪ or ∪æ∪∪∪ are used in the VIth gaṇa of the first half-verse (pāda a-b) as well as the second half-verse (pāda c-d), and the VIIIth gaṇa has ―― or ∪∪―. Therefore, the mātrā number of āryāgīti is 12, 20, 12, 20, and 64 mātrās in total.

한국어

아리야 운율은 고전 산스끄리뜨에서 빈번하게 사용된 운율이지만 그 이전의 자이나 쁘라끄리띠와 빨리 불전, 불교 혼성 범어에 널리 사용된 고(古)―기띠(oldgīti)와 베드하(veḍha) 운율에 기원을 둔 비(非) 베다적 운율이다. 이 운율은 중요성만큼이나 1800년대부터 이미 야코비(Jacobi, H), 콜브룩(Colebrook, Henry T.)과 예이츠(Yates, William), 케일(Kale, M. R)과 브라운(Brown, Charles Philip)의 고전적 문법서에서 소개되었고 노먼(Norman, K. R)에 의해 아리야 운율의 비(非) 베다적 기원에 대해서도 충분히 논의되었다. 근래엔, 『찬도라뜨나까라』(Chandoratnākara)의 교정본을 출판한 바 있던 한(Hahn, Michael)에 의한 간략한 공식이 만들어지기도 했지만 암호와 다를 바 없고 논자 역시 간략한 도표를 만든 바 있지만 이것 역시 개인 암기용으로 다소간의 설명이 필요하다. 아리야 운율은 여러 운율서에서 거의 비슷하게 설명되었지만 본고에서는 라뜨나까라샨띠(Ratnākaraśānti)의 『찬도라뜨나까라』(Chandoratnākara)를 중심으로 논의했는데 이 문헌을 선택했던 이유는,이 문헌이 가장 상세한 설명과 유용한 주석서가 있고 또 신뢰할 수 있는 교정본이기 때문이다. 아리야 운율의 마뜨라 수, 운율적 장음과 단음 등 추가적인 설명이 필요할 경우엔 께다라밧따(Kedārabhaṭṭa)의 『브릿따라뜨나까라』(Vṛttaratnākara), 깔리다사(Kālidāsa)의 『쉬루따보다』(Śrutabodha), 강가다사(Gaṅgadāsa)의 『찬도만자리』(Chandomañjarī) 등 고전적 운율서를 함께 다루었다.

목차

국문초록
 I. 머리말
 I. 아리야(āryā) 운율 관련 예비 규칙
 II. 아리야(āryā) 군(群): 기본형(pathyā), 허용 가능한 형식(vipulā) 그리고 3개의 확장형(capalā-s)
  1. 기본형(pathyā) 12a+18b, 12c+15d (전체 57마뜨라)
  2. 허용 가능한 형식(vipulā) 12+18, 12+15 (전체 57마뜨라)
  3. 확장형들(capalā-s) 12+18, 12+15 (전체 57마뜨라)
 III. 기띠(gīti) 군(群)
  1. 기띠(Gīti) : 12a+18b, 12c+18d (전체: 60마뜨라)
  2. 우빠기띠(Upagīti): 12a+15b, 12c+15d (전체54마뜨라)
  3. 우드기띠(Udgīti) : 12a+15b, 12c+18d (전체 57마뜨라)
  4. 아리야기띠(Āryāgīti) : 12a+20b, 12c+20d (전체 64마뜨라)
 IV. 맺음말
  1. 아리야 군(群)
  2. 기띠 군(群)
  3. 우드기띠(udgīti)
  4. 아리야기띠(āryāgīti)
 약호 및 참고문헌
 Abstract

키워드

산스끄리뜨 운율 찬도라뜨라까라 아리야 기띠 우드기띠 우빠기띠 아리야기띠 Sanskrit Prosody Sanskrit Metre Chandoratnākara Āryā Capalās Vipulā Gīti Udgīti Upagīti Āyāgīti

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• 박영길 [ Younggil Park | 금강대학교 ]

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