Volatile Compound Analysis and Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Oenanthe javanica, Perilla frutescens, and Zanthoxylum piperitum Essential Oils
미나리, 깻잎, 초피 정유의 향기성분 분석과 항산화 및 항염 효과
Purpose: We investigated the applicability of extracts from Oenanthe javanica (OJ), Perilla frutescens (PF), and Zanthoxylum piperitum (ZP) as cosmetic ingredients by confirming their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. Methods: Essential oils were obtained from OJ, PF, and ZP by simultaneous steam distillation–extraction, and their volatile components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of these essential oils were then investigated to assess their anti-oxidant effects, and 5-(3-caroboxymeth-oxyphenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt (MTS) and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assays were performed to measure their anti-inflammatory effects. Results: We identified 15, 9, and 18 volatile compounds in the essential oils obtained from OJ, PF, and ZP, respectively. The principal volatile compounds were β-caryophyllene (20.46%) in OJ, dipentene (21.55%) in ZP, and α-pyrone (58.14%) in PF. We also found that the anti-oxidant effects of the essential oils were greatest for OJ (91%), intermediate for PF (72%), and lowest for ZP (26%) and was concentration-dependent for all three. Furthermore, the cell viability of RAW 264.7 cells under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress when treated with a 10% concentration of the essential oils was highest for ZP (107.7%), intermediate for PF (95.3%), and lowest for OJ (94.8%). The anti-inflammatory effects in mouse macrophages with LPS-induced inflammation were also greatest for ZP (71% NO inhibition), intermediate for PF (43% NO inhibition), and lowest for OJ (22% NO inhibition). Conclusion: Essential oils from OJ, PF, and ZP can be used as natural cosmetic ingredients with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities to prevent skin inflammation in humans.
한국어
목적: 미나리, 깻잎, 초피 정유의 항산화와 항염 효과를 in vitro에서 조사하여 화장품 소재로서의 활용 가능성을 확인하고자 하였 다. 방법: 수증기 증류법에 의한 미나리, 깻잎, 초피 정유의 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) 향기성분 분석 을 진행하였고, 항산화 활성을 확인하기 위해 정유의 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 라디칼 소거능을 조사하였다. 또한 정유의 항염 활성을 확인하기 위해 5-(3-caroboxymeth-oxyphenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt (MTS) assay, nitric oxide (NO) assay를 실시하였다. 결과: GC-MS실험결과, 미나리, 깻잎, 초피 정유의 향기성분이 15, 9, 18개로 측정되었다. 미나리 및 초피 정 유에서는 각각 항염 효과를 나타내는 β-caryophyllene (20.46%), dipentene (21.55%) 성분을 주로 포함하고 있으며, 깻잎에서는 주 요 향료로 사용되는 α-pyrone (58.14%)이 대표적인 성분으로 확인되었다. DPPH 라디칼에서는 미나리(91%)>깻잎(72%)>초피(26%) 정유 순으로 농도의존적으로 라디칼이 소거되었음을 확인하였다. 세포생존은 RAW 264.7 세포에 10% 농도의 미나리, 깻잎, 초피 정유와 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)를 처리하였을 때, 94.8%, 95.3%, 107.7%로 세포생존율이 나타나 10% 농도까지 독성이 없는 것으 로 측정되었다. 또한 10% 농도의 미나리, 깻잎, 초피 정유에 의해 각각 22%, 43%, 71%의 nitric oxide (NO) 생성 억제 효과를 나타 내었다. 특히 초피 정유에서 높은 NO 생성 억제력이 나타났다. 결론: 미나리, 깻잎, 초피 정유는 현대인들의 피부염증 예방에 도움 이 되는 항산화, 항염 천연 화장품 성분으로 이용될 수 있으리라 사료된다.