An integrated economic view of asset pricing models including the pricing kernel model, cross-sectional model, time-series model, and expected anomaly model is presented. Several perspectives on the cross-section of expected anomalies are proposed. Modifications to the expected anomaly model are suggested. Asymptotic adjustments for errors-in-variables biases are discussed. Finally, an earlier concern against using spread portfolios is resolved.
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ABSTRACT Disclosure Statement (Introduction) I. Derivation of expected anomaly model II. Expected anomaly model in the view of other models A. In the view of cross-sectional model B. In the view of time-series model III. Tests of market efficiency A. Basic ideas B. Errors-in-variables biases IV. Alignment issues A. Beta-alignment B. Delta-alignment V. Conclusions REFERENCES