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영어

It is well known that the Exoteric Gate and Esoteric Gate – two kinds of Buddhist hindrances theories explained in Wonhyo(617~686)’s Ijangui(Two Hindrances) - are based on the teaching of new consciousness only school formed in the middle of the 7th century following Xuanzang(602?~664)’s new translations and that of Dacheng qixinlun respectively. But there are different opinions on the relation between the Esoteric Gate in Ijangui and the teaching of old consciousness only school flourished before Xuanzang. Some think that Ijangui was much influenced by the Hindrances theory of old consciousness only school, especially that of Huiyuan(523~592). They emphasize the similarity of multi fold classification of the hindrances and the use of the same terms in the Ijangui and ‘On the Two Hindrances’ in Huiyuan’s Dacheng yizhang (a Compendium of Mahayana) or his Commentary on the Dacheng qixinlun. They regard the Esoteric Gate must have had strong relation with the theory of Huiyuan’s Hindrances theory. While others insist that the Esoteric Gate has no relation with the teaching of old consciousness only school, as Wonhyo’s consciousness theory differs from that of old consciousness only school including Huiyuan’s. This paper tried to compare hindrances theory of the Esoteric Gate in Ijangui with that of the Dacheng yizhang, and found out that it is difficult to say the former was affected by the latter. They differ in many aspects. The initial difference lies in the attitude toward the Dacheng qixinlun. The Esoteric Gate in Ijangui is based on the hindrances theory of Dacheng qixinlun, while the Dacheng yizhang pays little respect to it. Though there are a few citations or references of Dacheng qixinlun in the Dacheng yizhang, they are cited rarely for the core opinions but for the explanations for the new notions. And there is even no citations of Dacheng qixinlun in ‘On the Two Hindrances’ chapter of the book. Considering this, we cannot say that the Esoteric Gate of Ijangui was affected by the hindrances theory of old consciousness only school. It is jus based on Dacheng qixinlun, to which the old consciousness only scholars paid only some restricted attention. It was not for the harmonization or contrast of old and new consciousness only thoughts that Wonhyo wrote the Ijangui as told before, but for the comparison or synthesis of the new trends of consciousness only thoughts after the decline of the old consciousness only thought. Though it appeared in the middle of the 6th century when the long before the Xunazang’s activity, the Dacheng qixinlun was not recognized as an important literature among the old consciousness only scholars. Only when the old consciousness only thoughts lost the influence, people began to respect the Dacheng qixinlun as the counterpart of the new consciousness only thoughts, the new main stream of the Buddhism. Ijangui was one of the earliest and most successful literature of this new trend.

한국어

원효의 『이장의』에서 煩惱를 구분하는 두 가지 방식으로 제시된 顯了門과 隱密門의 내용은 각기 玄奘에 의해 전래된 新唯識의 번뇌설과 『大乘起信論』의 번뇌설에 입각한 것이었다. 그런데 그 중 은밀문의 사상과 舊唯識의 번뇌설, 특히 정영사혜원의 번뇌설 사이의 관계에 대해서는 서로 다른 견해들이 제시되고 있다. 즉, 번뇌의 구분 방식이나 사용된 용어들로 볼 때 은밀문의 이론은 淨影寺慧遠의 煩惱 이론의 영향을 받았다는 견해가 있는 반면 慧遠을 비롯한 舊唯識學者들과 元曉의 心識說의 차이를 근거로 『이장의』의 번뇌 이론은 慧遠 등의 구유식학의 영향이 아니라 『대승기신론』 자체에 의거하여 원효가 독자적으로 체계화한 것이라는 반론이 제시되었다. 이 글에서는 『이장의』 은밀문의 내용을 정영사혜원이 찬술한 『대승의장』 중의 번뇌에 관한 이론과 비교하여 양자가 어떠한 관계에 있는지를 검토하였다. 검토 결과 『이장의』의 번뇌설은 『대승의장』의 번뇌설과는 많은 점에서 차이가 있음을 알게 되었다. 양자의 번뇌설의 차이는 기본적으로 『대승기신론』에 대한 입장 차이에서 비롯된 것으로, 『이장의』는 『대승기신론』의 내용에 입각하여 번뇌와 무명의 문제를 논하고 있음에 반하여 『대승의장』에서는 『대승기신론』의 내용이 그다지 중시되지 않고 있음을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 『이장의』의 현료문과 은밀문은 기존의 일반적 이해처럼 신유식과 구유식의 조화나 융합이 아니라 7세기 중엽 이후 구유식이 쇠퇴한 가운데 새롭게 대두한 신유식과 『대승기신론』의 번뇌설을 종합하고 체계화하려한 시도라는 점을 알게 되었다. 이러한 『이장의』의 시도는 단순히 기존의 것들을 종합, 절충하는 것이 아니라 새롭게 대두한 신유식학에 대한 일정한 문제 제기 및 대안 제시의 성격을 갖는 것으로 이해해야 할 것이다.

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말
 Ⅱ. 無明 = 智礙의 확립
 Ⅲ. 住地煩惱와 無明의 새로운 이해
 Ⅳ. 『二障義』 隱密門 煩惱說의 사상사적 위치
 Ⅴ. 맺음말
 국문초록
 Abstract
 참고문헌

키워드

『이장의』 『대승의장』 『대승기신론』 Ijangui(Two Hindrances) Dacheng yizhang Dacheng qixinlun Wonhyo Huiyuan Esoteric Gate Afflictive Hindrances Noetic Hindrances Avidyā(Innate Ignorance) 元曉 慧遠 隱密門 煩惱障(碍) 智障(碍) 無明

저자

• 최연식 [ CHOE, Yeonshik | 동국대학교(서울캠퍼스) 사학과 교수 ]

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