We compartmentalize R&D into R (research) and D (development), and investigate their association with important corporate financing decisions. We show that R is more positively associated with cash holdings than D, and that only R is sensitive to cash flows. These results are consistent with higher uncertainty and information asymmetry of R imposing more severe financial constraints relative to D. Supporting the financial constraint explanation, higher cash flows sensitivity of R is prominent among financially constrained firms. Consistent with D bearing product market risk, D is associated with higher cash holdings when product market competition is severe, but we do not find the same result for R. Lastly, we find negative association between leverage and R but not D.
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Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Data and summary statistics 2.1. Data and variables 2.2. Summary statistics 3. Cash holdings 3.1. Cash holdings and R&D 3.2. Cash holdings and R vs D 4. Investment-cash flow sensitivity 4.1. Investment-cash flow sensitivity of R&D 4.2. Investment-cash flow sensitivity of R vs D 4.3. Financial constraints and Investment-cash flow sensitivity of R 5. Product market competition 5.1. Product market competition and R&D 5.2. Product market competition and R vs D 6. Capital structure 6.1. Capital structure and R&D 6.2. Capital structure and R vs D 6.3. Book leverage 7. Conclusion REFERENCES