In the field of regional economics, Porter’s cluster and competitiveness theory has been popular to policy makers and researchers in order to enhance regional and national competitiveness. This popularity goes to tourism policies as well. However, Porter’s cluster theory could not be free from critiques with regard to definition, methodology, and application. The main critiques have given to a vague definition and methodology to identify a cluster, and the absence of consideration of multinational activities in the globalized world. Some of tourism researchers adopted Porter’s model for tourism competitiveness and cluster policy without critiques. Therefore, this paper revisits the origin of the cluster theory and its critiques. It also aims to suggest the application of Porter’s cluster theory in tourism development by criticizing previous application from a globalization perspective and suggesting some considerations to apply Porter’s cluster theory in tourism context for practitioners, policy makers, and researchers.
목차
ABSTRACT Ⅰ. Introduction Ⅱ. Overview of Cluster Theory 1. Theoretical foundation of cluster concept 2. Porter’s cluster and competitiveness Ⅲ. Critiques of Porter's Cluster Theory 1. Difficulty of application in terms of methodology 2. Typology of cluster 3. The role of foreign-owned companies (Multinational enterprises) Ⅳ. Application of Cluster Theory in Tourism 1. Implications of cluster theory for tourism development 2. Empirical studies of tourism cluster Ⅴ. Suggestions and Conclusion 1. Identifying a cluster 2. Cluster cycle stages 3. Economic stages and globalization References
관광경영학을 실용학문의 체계로 확립하고 실천학문으로 정착시키기 위하여, 관광경영학문을 현실적응에 필요한 연구를 통해 국가관광정책의 방향을 제시하고, 관광사업자들에게는 실질적으로 도움이 되는 경영전략을 제공하며, 연구를 통하여 회원간의 친목도모와 정보교환을 함으로써 상호발전을 목적으로 한다.