결핵예방 행동의도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 : 자기효능감과 공포의 매개역할을 중심으로 한 건강신념모델의 확장
The Study of Factors Affecting Tuberculosis Preventive Behavior Intentions : An Extension of HBM with Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and Fear
This study, which employed HBM, showed that perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy among other HBM variables were found to be the only predictive variables with direct effect on tuberculosis preventive behavior intention in Korea. However, the effect of perceived susceptibility is minimal, insufficient to explain tuberculosis preventive behavior intention. Consequently, self-efficacy was found to be the only significant variable that can predict tuberculosis preventive behavior intention in Korea, among perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, perceived barrier and self-efficacy, which were known to be predictive variables for HBM. In contrast to the precedent studies both home and abroad, this study showed that perceived severity and perceived susceptibility-the major HBM variables - as well as perceived benefit and perceived barrier that continued to be supported as predictive variables did not have direct effect on health preventive behavior intention. Cues to action was also found to have no direct effect on tuberculosis preventive behavior intention. However, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, perceived barrier and cues to action had indirect effect, rather than direct, on tuberculosis preventive behavior intention. Perceived severity and perceived susceptibility affected tuberculosis preventive behavior intention by way of fear, while perceived benefit and perceived barrier had effect by way of self-efficacy. This study showed that perceived severity and perceived susceptibility as cognitive factors have indirect, rather than direct, effect on tuberculosis preventive behavior intention by way of fear. This indicates that predicting health preventive behavior intention with only cognitive variables of perceived severity and perceived susceptibility toward certain diseases, without fear, has its limitations. Thus it is necessary for the future health communication studies to actively consider fear and other emotional factors.
한국어
본 연구는 건강캠페인 연구에서 대표적인 이론적 틀로 활용되어 온 건강신념모델(Health Belief Model)을 우리나라 국민의 결핵예방 행동에 적용하여 캠페인을 위한 실무적 유용성을 확보하는 한편, 감정적 요인인 공포감을 건강신념모델의 인지적 요인들-지각된 심각성, 지각된 취약성, 지각된 혜택, 지각된 장애, 자기효능감, 행동단서-에 새로운 변인으로 추가함으로써 개인들의 행동 결정에 영향을 미치는 감정적 요인을 배제한 건강신념모델이 지니는 낮은 설명력을 높일 수 있는 이론적 확장을 시도하고자 하였다. 본 연구 결과, 건강신념모델의 여러 변인들 중에서 지각된 취약성과 자기효능감만이 우리나라 결핵예방 행동의도에 직접적 영향을 미치는 예측변인으로 설명되었다. 지각된 심각성, 지각된 취약성, 지각된 혜택, 지각된 장애, 행동단서는 결핵예방 행동의도에 직접적인 영향보다는 간접적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 감정적 요인인 공포감은 결핵예방 행동의도에 직접적 영향을 주는 예측 변인으로 나타났다. 지각된 심각성과 지각된 취약성은 공포감을 매개로, 지각된 혜택과 장애는 자기효능감을 매개로 결핵예방 행동의도에 영향을 주었다.
목차
요약 1. 연구배경 및 목적 2. 이론적 배경 및 연구가설 1) 건강신념모델 선행연구 2) 건강신념모델과 감정적 요인으로서의 공포감(fear) 3) 연구가설 3. 연구방법 1) 표본 선정 및 자료 수집 2) 주요 변인의 조작적 정의 및 측정 4. 연구결과 1) 연구 모델 검증 2) 연구가설 검증 5. 결론 및 논의 참고문헌 Abstract