This paper focuses on the concept of architecture; how this word was accepted during the end of the Tokugawa shogunate to Meiji Restoration and which Japanese word was used. As a result, the following was made clear. 1. The concept of architecture was introduced along with the western construction. 2. The word architecture, the art of unifying accomplishment, was first translated in the book, Rapounitsitaiyakuzisho, in 1595 as a study of “sumikane.” During the mid Edo period, its definition has changed to the art of building a house and the art of making a house, which resembles the definition of the word construction. 3. The word “kentsikuhaku” in the book called A Pocket Dictionary of the English and Japanese Language (1862) and the word “zoukadsutsu” in the book called Hutsugomeiyo (1864) appeared during the end of the Edo period. 4. The same pattern continues till the Meiji restoration. “Kentsiku” and ”zouka” began to be differentiated as two different words after 20 years of Meiji restoration. 5. Since Tokyo University changed its course name from “zouka engineering” to “kentsiku engineering” in Meiji 20th, the translated word for “architecture” has become “kentsiku.” That is to say, architecture does not only mean building or construction. It also contains the basics required to build something, the art of building a house, and the study of Sumikane, which has finally become to be translated as “kentsiku.” Currently, the word architecture is used literally in Katakana along with “kentsiku.” Architecture in katakana retains a meaning of a master as well.
일본어
本稿は、architectureの概念に注目して、それが幕末・明治期にどのように受容されたかを、それに当てられた訳語を 中心に考察したものである。その結果、次のことが明らかになった。 ① 幕末に西洋建築が移入され、その中でarchitectureという概念も導入された。 ② ‘諸芸を統括する原理、術’の意味を持つarchitectureは、1595年羅葡日対訳辞書に「すみかねのがくもん」と訳さ れ、江戸中期頃に入って「家ヲ建テル術」「家ヲ造ル(術)」などに継がれ、一方では「築建」という造語も出る。 ③ 江戸末期には、英和対訳袖珍辞書(1862)に「建築学」が、仏語明要(1864)に「造家術」が新しく登場し、近世から 使われていた「棟梁トウリヤウ」もそのまま使われた。 ④ 明治に入ってからもこの現象は続く。それが明治20年代以降からは、「建築」と「造家」2つに搾られていく。「造営 (学)」など既存の建設行為を表す2字を用いたものもあるが用例は少なく、「造家(術)」はほとんど工学部関係のみに 限られていく。 ⑥ 明治30年に東京大学の「造家学科」が「建築学科」に改称されてからは、architectureの訳語は「建築」に一本化されてい く。 すなわち、architectureということばは、単に「建造物」や「建設」の意味ではなく、「そのための基礎的なもの」として理 解され、「すみかねのがくもん」「家ヲ建テル(造ル)術」「造営・建築学(術)・造家学(術)」などに表され、最後は「建築」に決 まったのである。今はアーキテクチャーという片仮名表記も使われれおり、部分的なことではあるが、アーキテク チャーには、その分野の巨匠という意味としても理解されたりする。
한국일본근대학회 [The Japanese Modern Association of Korea]
설립연도
1999
분야
인문학>일본어와문학
소개
본 학회는 한국, 일본의 문학 및, 어학, 문화, 사상, 역사 등 여러 분야의 연구자 및 대학원생의 연구성과에 관한 자유로운 발표, 토론을 통해 학문발전과 학술교류를 행하고자하는 목적에서 설립되었다.
따라서 본 회는 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 학술연구발표회 및 연구회와 학술지 발간, 국내외 관련 학계와의 학술교류, 관련정보의 구축 및 제공 등의 사업을 실시하고 있다.
간행물
간행물명
일본근대학연구 [ILBON KUNDAEHAK YUNGU ; The Journal of Korean Association of Modern Japanology]