Earticle

초록

영어

From the viewpoint of economics, we can consider international tourism as a transaction or trading of services in which tourists play vital roles. However, international tourism as a transaction or trade in tourism services has been ignored for a long time. According to traditional international trade theories, the international trade among countries is dependent on the differences in factor endowments and technologies of production. It is argued that trade is based on comparative advantages and specialization. The trade means inter-industry trade or one-way trade. On the other hand, new trade theories propose that the occurrence of trade is based on the similarity of per head income level between countries, the presence of scale economies, and product differentiation. The patterns of trade in the new trade theories are decided historically, not by comparative advantages and specialization. It is called intra-industry trade or two-way trade, meaning the trading of goods and services produced within the same industry. The aim in this paper is to calculate Grubel and Lloyd index and Brülhart index as indicators of tourism services between Japan and Asian countries. From the calculations of Grubel and Lloyd index, we conclude that the intra-industry trade of tourism services between Japan and Asian countries is progressing; however, the values of Brülhart index reveal that most of the intra-industry trade of tourism services between these countries is not realized.

일본어

国際観光は，経済学的な観点からみると，観光者による国際観光サービスの取引あるいは貿易と見なすことができるが，これまでの観光フローの分析では国際観光サービスの取引ないし貿易という側面が無視されてきた．伝統的貿易理論によれば，各国は比較優位にある生産物を生産，輸出し，比較劣位にある財・サービスを外国から輸入することを意味している．このような貿易は産業間貿易(inter-industry trade)と呼ばれている．他方，新しい貿易理論によれば，貿易が行われる理由は，国々の間の一人当たり所得水準の類似性による嗜好の類似性，規模の経済の存在，そして生産物の差別化による，と説明される．したがって，この種の貿易は同一産業内で生産される財・サービスの輸出と輸入が国々の間で同時に行われることを意味し，それゆえ，このような貿易は産業内貿易(intra-industry trade)と呼ばれている．しかし，アジア諸国間での観光サービスの産業内貿易に関する実証研究はほとんど存在していないといっても過言ではない．本稿の目的は，日本とアジア諸国の間での観光サービスの産業内貿易の指標としてのGrubel ・Lloyd 指数とBrülhart 指数を計算し，それに基づき，日本とアジア諸国の間での観光サービスの産業内貿易が実現されているかどうかを明らかにすることである．

목차

Abstract
 1. Introduction
 2. Measurement of Intra- Industry Trade
 3. Empirical Evidence of Intra- Industry Trade between Japan and Other Asian Countries
 4． Concluding Remarks
 References
 要約

키워드

저자

• Ozawa, Kenichi [ 小沢 健市 | Professor, College of Tourism, Rikkyo Universy, Japan. ]

참고문헌

발행기관

간행물

표지보기 관심저널 등록

• 간행물명

  동북아관광연구 [Northeast Asia Tourism Research]

• 간기

  계간

• pISSN

  1738-8929

• 수록기간

  2005~2019

• 십진분류

  KDC 326 DDC 338