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The present paper aims to examine the activities of the General Jewish Worker's Union in Russia and Poland (Всеобщий еврейский рабочий союз в России и Польше, Бунд), commonly known as the 'Bund'. The Bund had been in pursuit of the two contradictory movements, one class struggle and the other national movement. In the process of dreaming of a better world, the Bund strove to make a better world through class conflict and revolution while maintaining its national identity as Jews. The Bund was a socialist party of Jews, founded by 13 poor students in Vilnius in 1897 and it had been active throughout 1921. The Jewish socialist movement, having started from a secret discussion group of Jewish students and workers, made constant efforts to bring about both class and national liberation, sometimes in collaboration with and other times in separation from the Russian Socialist Democratic Party, the leading force of the Russian Revolution in the turbulent times of the late 19th to the early 20th century. Following the Pogrom in 1903, the Bund had separated from the Russian Social Democratic Party and put more focus on addressing the national question of Jews in Russia. Then after the 1905 Revolution, when the Russian government cracked down the revolutionary forces, the Jewish organization returned to collaborate with the Russian Socialists and put joint efforts to abolish the 650 discriminatory laws against Jews, in the February Revolution in 1917. After the February Revolution, the Bund which had been in support of the Temporary Government in the February Revolution did not support it in the October Revolution. However, it kept supporting the Revolutionary Government again, witnessing the Bolsheviks to oppose the pogrom against Jews committed by the White Army in the Civil War. The Bund had led a total of 312 strikes of Jewish workers between 1898~1900 which took place in the north-west part of Russian and in Poland. Between 1901-1902, it published newspapers in 400,000 issues, organizing 170 strikes and 30 street demonstrations. Until 1921, the Jewish movement held eight times of the Congress and 13 general assemblies. The Bund, transforming from an intellectual gathering to the labor movement, played an important role in making Yiddish as the major language in the communication amongst Jewish proletariats. It worked itself up to the political party. When the majority of its members were purged in the earlog 1930s, the movement saw its fortune declining and its dream frustrated in the really existing socialism in the Soviet Union. However, it should be emphasized that it laid the foundation for the Russian Revolution, contributing to the development not only of the Jewish or Russian history but also to that of the world history.

목차

I. 들어가는 말
 II. 러시아 계몽운동에서 유대인 민중 속으로
 III. 분트의 활동 : 계급과 민족 사이에서
  1. 계급적 연대 속의 민족적 자각: 러시아 사회민주노동당과의 공조시기 (1897~1903)
  2. 분트 이념의 확립 : 메뎀의 ‘유대인 민족문화 자치 사회주의’(1903~1906)
  3. 다시 계급적 연대 속으로: 사회민주노동당과 재공조와 유대인해방(1906~1917)
  4. 사회주의 혁명 속으로: 소비에트 정권 초기 분트의 활동과 해체(1917~1921)
 IV. 나오는 말: 분트의 영향과 평가
 Abstract

키워드

분트 러시아 유대인 러시아 유대인 사회민주주의 운동 러시아 사회민주주의 노동당 포그롬 러시아와 폴란드의 전유대인 노동자 동맹 Bund Russian Jew Jewish Social Democratic movement in Russia Russian Social Democratic Labor Party Pogram General Jewish Worker's Union in Russia and Poland.

저자

• 고가영 [ Ko, Ka-young | 이화여자대학교 지구사연구소 ]

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