Earticle

Recently, an increasing number of urban farmers are growing fresh vegetables and fruits themselves using urban garden or weekend farms. In other words, this is called urban agriculture. After the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, the agricultural society changed from an agricultural society to an industrial society, and the population began to flock to the cities. With the continued increase of urban population, countries with abundant capital were able to control the distribution structure of food supplies and trade agreements among countries. Since energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions caused by agricultural product movements have emerged as the main culprits of global warming, and our table is threatened by safety due to food supply that has no genetic modification or knowledge of the cultivation process, urban agriculture is already taking hold in the West. In other words, as agriculture met cities, its role grew. Each region actively conducts agricultural activities for raising poultry as well as growing vegetables and fruits by using flower beds of detached houses in the city center, rooftops of high and low buildings, or school playgrounds and small tributaries of land. The purpose of this study is to analyze and understand the significance and type of urban agriculture and to examine the cases of domestic and foreign urban agriculture based on this and to seek the developing direction of urban agriculture, which is gradually increasing. Tired of growing competition and rapid change, urbanites are seeking health and relaxation and are planning to present development measures for urban farming and conduct follow-up research to ensure safe food.

Full-scale ferro-concrete building technology came was introduced in Japan in Meiji $35{\sim}40(1902{\sim}1907)$ and heralding the beginning of urban modernization. On the roofs of these new architectural constructions, full-scale rooftop gardens were also developed. We consider that gardens established on the roofs of hotel and department stores created a new, modernized garden culture, which greatly influenced the early modern urban culture of Japan, the drama of which it conceived based on the impression in a rooftop garden is made. In this paper, we discuss the influence of Meiji-Era cultural and technological advances on rooftop gardens constructed during the Taisho $Era(1912{\sim}1926)$, as represented by the gardens of Kobe's Oriental Hotel, Tokyo's Mitsukoshi Department Store and Shimonoseki City's Akita Company. Photographic and print sources are utilized to analyze the design features and temporal changes of these pioneering rooftop gardens, as well as their influence on urban culture.

본 연구의 목적은 도심 대학 옥상정원의 설계 가능성을 탐색하기 위해 교직원과 예비교사 간 공간속성에 대한 인식 차이를 분석하고 이용자 중심의 조성⋅운영 방향을 제안하여 대학 내 옥상정원 조성방안에 구체적으로 활용하도록 하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 선행연구 분석을 통해 접근성, 지속성, 문제해결성, 시너지의 네 가지 핵심 속성과 하위요인을 도출하였으며, 이 분석 틀을 바탕으로 집단 간옥상정원에 대한 일반 인식과 속성별 평가 및 이용 수요를 비교하였다. 우선 집단간 옥상정원 수요를교차분석한 결과, 예비교사는 ‘사회적 교류’를, 교직원은 ‘정서적 환기’를 주 이용 목적으로 선택하였으며, 공통적으로 ‘야외학습공간’으로의 활용을 기대하였다. 집단간 분석한 결과, 교직원은 옥상정원을 정서적 안정과 다목적 활용이 가능한 공간으로, 예비교사는 정보⋅물리적 접근성과 이용 편의성을더 중시하였다. 특히 예비교사는 옥상정원을 주로 휴식공간으로 이해하며, 탐구 및 학습의 장으로서의활용 가능성은 낮게 인식하였다. 또한 옥상정원 속성에 대한 주성분 분석을 통한 요인분석 결과 접근성은 환경적⋅안내적 접근성과 용도 인지성으로, 지속성은 공간 만족감⋅생태 경험성⋅주변 관리성으로, 문제해결성은 안정⋅다양⋅조성 기능으로, 시너지는 교육⋅행사⋅스마트 활용성의 요인으로 구조화되었다. 특히 시너지 영역을 통해 옥상정원의 학습공간으로서의 기능 강화를 위해 접근성 개선, 생태⋅탐구 기반 교육, STEM 프로그램 도입, 이용자 요구 반영형 운영 체계 마련이 필요함을 확인하였다. 최종적으로는 결과들을 기반한 옥상정원 설계구상안을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 향후 대학 내 옥상정원 조성 및 운영 전략 수립에 실질적 근거자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

This study aims to explore the educational design potential of rooftop gardens in urban universities from a user-centered perspective by analyzing the differences in spatial perception between faculty members, who manage and operate these spaces, and preservice teachers, who use them as learners. Following prior research, four core spatial attributes, namely, accessibility, sustainability, problem-solving, and synergy, along with their sub-factors were identified and established as an analytical framework. This framework was applied to assess general perceptions, attribute-specific evaluations, and utilization needs of the two groups through descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, cross-tabulation, and factor analysis. The findings indicate that faculty members primarily perceived rooftop gardens as spaces offering emotional stability and multipurpose functionality, whereas preservice teachers emphasized informational and physical accessibility as along with user convenience. Preservice teachers mainly perceived rooftop gardens as resting spaces, indicating their lower awareness of their potential as spaces for learning and inquiry-based activities compared with faculty members. Cross-tabulation analysis revealed that preservice teachers mainly associated rooftop gardens with “social interaction,” whereas faculty members associated them with “emotional refreshment.” Factor analysis confirmed that accessibility encompassed environmental and informational accessibility; sustainability included spatial satisfaction, ecological experience, and maintenance; problem-solving involved safety, diversity, and design functionality; and synergy comprised educational, event-related, and smart utilization dimensions. These results suggest that rooftop gardens in urban universities can serve as restorative environments as well as educational venues supporting preservice teachers’ emotional recovery and inquiry-based learning. The findings provide foundational evidence for developing user-centered design and management strategies for rooftop gardens in university campuses.