Earticle

A rapid processing method for fermented sauce of favorable flavor was investigated with low-usefulness marine resources. Hydrolyzed at optimal conditions for 6 hours usuing alcalase, and separated by molecularporous membrane. It's very effective for remove bitter taste at below M.W. 100 dalton, and effective at below M.W.500 dalton. Added 2% invert sugar in fermented sauce at below M.W.500 dalton, and thermal treatment at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes were improved flavor. Chemical composition of fermented sauce using hair tail were 80.7% of moisture, 2.2% of carbohydrate, 1.8% of total nitrogen, 1.6% of amino nitrogen and pH was 6.5. The ratio of amino nitrogen in total nitrogen was 77.8%. And chemical composition of fermented sauce used gizzard shad, kangdale, pen shell and oyster were similar to fermented sauce used hair tail. Total nitrogen were above 1.8% and the ratio of amino nitrogen in total nitrogen was 77.7∼84.2% in all fermented sauce. Amino acid contents in fermented sauce used hair tail, gizzard shad, kangdale, pen shell and oyster were 4,318.1mg%, 4,681.3mg%, 3,156.2mg% and 4,175.0mg%, respectively. And the predominant free amino acid were glutamic acid, lysine and glycine in all fermented sauce.

본 연구는 빠른 청각 처리 능력(Rapid Auditory Processing)이 임상장면에서 언어장애 집단과 정상집단을 타당하게 구분해 줄 수 있는지 진단적 변별력과 임상적 유용성을 검증하기 위하여 수행되었다. 학령전기 정상 언어발달 아동 25명과 연령을 동수 대응시킨 단순언어장애(Specific Language Impairment)아동 25명, 총 50명을 대상으로, 빠른 청각 처리 능력 과제(시간순서 판단과제 155ms, 75ms, 주파수 변조 탐지과제 2Hz)를 실시하였다. 또한, 언어평가(취학전 아동의 수용언어 및 표현언어 능력 평가) 및 비언어성 지능평가(한국판 레이븐 지능검사)가 이루어졌다. 이들 자료를 근거로 빠른 청각 처리 능력이 정상발달 집단과 언어장애 집단을 적절하게 예측, 변별해 주는지 검증하기 위하여 수신기 작동 특성(Receiver Operating Characteristic: ROC) 분석을 실시하고 이를 통해 빠른 청각 처리능력의 임상적 유용성을 확인하였다. ROC 분석 결과, 빠른 청각 처리 능력이 정상 언어발달 및 언어 장애를 구별해주는 진단 변별력이 유의한 것으로 판명되었다. 또한, 빠른 청각 처리 과제의 임상적 유용성이 모두 ‘정확한 수준’의 범위에 해당되는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 빠른 청각 처리 과제가 임상장면에서 실질적으로 언어장애의 진단 및 평가 도구로서 상당한 유용성을 가진다는 것을 지지해 주었다. 아울러, 본 연구의 임상적 시사점, 제한점, 추후 연구과제 등이 논의 되었다.

This study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic validity and clinical utility of rapid auditory processing and verify whether it can validly distinguish between Specific Language Impairment (SLI) group and control group in clinical settings. To accomplish this, a total of 50 children (25 children with SLI matched in age with 25 preschool-aged children with normal language development) were given a rapid auditory processing task (Auditory Temporal Order Judgment task 155ms, 75ms, Auditory Frequency Modulation-detection test 2hz). A language assessment (Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale) and nonverbal intelligence assessment (Korean-Coloured Progressive Matrices) were also conducted. To observe the clinical utility of rapid auditory processing, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted using variables that predict language development. The ROC results indicated significant diagnostic validity that can distinguish between normal development and SLI children. The ROC results also confirmed that the clinical utility of rapid auditory processing was in the accurate range. These results suggest that rapid auditory processing is an important assessment tool that can capture developmental language disorders in clinical settings. Limitations and implications for future research were also discussed.

본 연구는 아동의 언어능력과 빠른 청각 처리 능력간의 관련성을 탐색하기 위하여 실시되었다. 만 3세에서 만 6세 사이의 학령전기 아동 65명을 대상으로 언어 및 인지능력을 평가하기 위하여, 취학전 아동의 언어발달 평가 및 레이븐 지능평가를 실시하였고, 빠른 청각 처리 능력을 평가하기 위하여 청각 시간순서 판단과제와 청각 주파수변조 탐지 검사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 수용언어 및 표현언어 능력은 청각 시간순서 판단과제 및 청각 주파수변조 탐지 검사와 유의한 상관이 있었다. 또한, 위계적 회귀 분석 결과, 나이와 지능 변인을 통제 했을 때에도, 빠른 청각 처리 능력은 언어발달을 설명하는 유의한 변인인 것으로 확인되었다. 즉, 청각 시간순서 판단과제와 청각 주파수 변조 탐지 검사 능력은 수용언어 능력과 표현언어 능력의 발달에 대한 유의한 설명력을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 이러한 결과는 빠른 청각 처리 능력이 언어발달의 유의한 예측인자가 될 수 있음을 시사하며, 기존의 연구의 결과를 지지해 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 의의와 제한점에 대해 논의 하였다.

The present study was designed to explore the relationship between language development ability and rapid auditory processing. 65 preschoolers aged between 4 and 6 years old were administered Receptive-Expressive Language Scale and Coloured Progressive Matrices in order to measure language development ability and nonverbal IQ, respectively. In addition, rapid auditory processing was measured by Auditory temporal order judgement task and Auditory Frequency modulation-detection test. The results showed that receptive and expressive language ability of preschoolers significantly correlated with rapid auditory processing, measured by Auditory temporal order judgement task and Auditory Frequency modulation-detection test. Multiple regression analysis revealed that rapid auditory processing ability significantly predicted language development ability even after controlling for the effects of age and non verbal IQ. These findings suggest that rapid auditory processing is an important predictor of language development ability for preschool children.

Sheet deposition type rapid prototyping system have many advantages : high build speed, low operating cost, large part size, no phase change, no need for support generation, and forth. However, those sheet deposition type rapid prototyping system require an additional post processing to remove excessive material attached to the part. This post processing is time consuming and labor intensive. Moreover, it is difficult for those system to fabricate parts with hollow cores and internal cavities. A new sheet deposition type rapid prototyping system that minimizes the post processing is proposed. The proposed system automatically removes excessive material in a peeling-off process between two cutting processes. In this way, the proposed system can reduce the post-processing time and cost as well as the limitation of the feasible geometric shapes in the conventional sheet deposition system.

Silicon dioxide films depostied at low temperatures using a remote plasma plasma enhanced chemicall vapor depostion(RPECVD) is annealed by a rapid thermal processing(RTP) in nitrogen ambient to enhance the reliability of silicon dioxide. The nitridation of silicon dioxide film is analyzed by thermodynamic calcyation. RTP decreases film thickness due to a densification and increases a refractive index but the oxide surface roughness is increased at thigh RTP temperature above 80$0^{\circ}C$. After RTP, the breakdown field strength is increased by the substitution of strained Si-O bonds with relaxed Si-N bonds as a form of S$i_2$$N_2$O. The thermodynamci analysis is a useful guide to account for the experimental results.

Rapidly solidified ribbon-consolidation processing was applied for preparation of high strength bulk Mg-Zn-Gd alloys. Mg alloys have been used in automotive and aerospace industries. Rapid solidification (RS) process is suitable for the development of high strength Mg alloys, because the process realizes grain-refinement, increase in homogeneity, and so on. Recently, several nanocrystalline Mg-Zn-Y alloys with high specific tensile strength and large elongation have been developed by rapidly solidified powder metallurgy (RS P/M) process. Mg-Zn-Y RS P/M alloys are characterized by long period ordered (LPO) structure and sub-micron fine grains. The both additions of rare earth elements and zinc remarkably improved the mechanical properties of RS Mg alloys. Mg-Zn-Gd alloy also forms LPO structure in -Mg matrix coherently, therefore, it is expected that the RS Mg-Zn-Gd alloys have excellent mechanical properties. In this study, we have developed high strength RS Mg-Zn-Gd alloys with LPO structure and nanometer-scale precipitates by RS ribbon-consolidation processing. $Mg_{97}Zn_1Gd_2$ and $Mg_{95.5}Zn_{1.5}Gd_3$ and $Mg_{94}Zn_2Gd_4$ bulk alloys exhibited high tensile yield strength (470 MPa and 525 MPa and 566 MPa) and large elongation (5.5% and 2.8% and 2.4%).

Increased use of PDA and Laptop has accelerated the development of wireless networking. With the tendency the need to support efficient and seamless data transmission technique has also been increased. However current mobility management protocol, such as the Mobile If, which is defined in RFC 2002, does not cover well these requirements. To satisfy these requirements, we should reduce Handoff processing time occurred by the movement of MN (Mobile Node) about the other networks. This paper proposes efficient Handoff mechanism on the new Mobile IP architecture using the Extended Macro that is a group organized with subnetworks, and sewed by a new added agent.

고온성 유산균인 Bacillus coagulans KM-1 균주를 이용하여 속성멸치액젓을 제조하였고 시판멸치액젓과 일반성분, 칼슘, 총질소, 아미노질소, 유리아미노산, 히스타민 등의 이화학적 품질특성을 비교하였다. 조단백질함량은 시판멸치액젓과 속성멸치액젓 각각 8.7 g/100 g, 10.95 g/100 g으로 속성멸치액젓이 더 높게 나타났으며 칼슘함량에서도 속성멸치액젓이 45.52 mg/100 g으로 시판멸치액젓 보다 높았고 유의적인 차이(p<0.05)를 보였다. 또한 총질소, 아미노 질소에서도 시판멸치액젓은 1,380±13.92 mg/100 g, 906.63±8.45 mg/100 g을 보인 반면 속성멸치액젓에서는 각각 1,750±15.88 mg/100 g, 1,251.15±12.72 mg/100 g로 더 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 핵산관련물질 총량은 시판멸치액젓과 속성멸치액젓 각각 201.85 mg/100 g, 212.11 mg/100 g를 보였으며 분해가 진행됨에 따라 hypoxanthine(Hx)의 함량은 시판멸치액젓 175.22 mg/100 g, 속성멸치액젓은 171.46 mg/ 100 g으로 핵산관련물질 중 가장 높게 측정되었으나 유의적인 차이(p<0.05)는 없었다. 유리아미노산 총량은 시판멸치액젓이 6983.8 mg/100 g인 반면 속성멸치액젓은 9535.6 mg/100 g으로 높게 나타났으며 주요 아미노산으로 glutamic acid, hydroxyproline, citrulline, arginine, valine, leucine, proline, isoleucine으로 확인되었다. 히스타민의 측정에서 속성멸치액젓이 95.80±8.85 mg/kg으로 시판멸치액젓의 비해 5배 정도 낮게 나타났고 유의적인 차이(p<0.05)를 보였다. 대장균은 두 액젓 모두 음성으로 나타났다. 검색어 - 속성멸치액젓, 유산균, 고온발효, 히스타민, 유리아미노산

A rapid processing method of salt-fermented anchovy sauce was investigated using the Bacillus coagulans KM-1 and various chemical properties were examined with commercial salt-fermented anchovy sauce. The protein of commercial salt-fermented anchovy sauce(CSAS) and rapid salt-fermented anchovy sauce added Bacillus coagurance KM-1(RSAS) were 8.74 g/100 g and 10.95 g/100 g each. and contents of Ca, total nitrogen and amino nitrogen were higher in RSAS than in CSAS(p<0.05). The hypoxanthine(Hx) of ATP and related compound contents was higher in samples as 175.22 mg/100 g and 171.46 mg/100 g. Total free amino acid contents of CSAS and RSAS were 6983.8 mg/100 g and 9535.6 mg/100 g. Major free amino acid of samples were glutamic acid, hydroxyproline, citrulline, arginine, valine, leucine, proline, isoleucine in ordor. The contents of histamine of CSAS was 533.42 mg/kg and higher than RSAS(p<0.05).

Chemically homogeneous $Ba_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}TiO_3$ (BST) sols were synthesized using barium acetate, strontium acetate, and titanium isoproxide as starting materials. BST thin films of thickness 340 nm were deposited on Pt/$TiO_2/SiO_2$/Si and alumina substrates using spin coating method. The technique used for the processing of these films was Ultraviolet (UV) sol-gel photoannealing, using phto-sensitivity precursor solutions and UV-assisted rapid thermal processing(UV-RTP). The crystallization behaviour of the BST sols and thin films was studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Variation of permittivity and dielectric loss were measured in LCR-meter, model HP 4394A.

In this paper, design parameters of Rapid Thermal Processing(RrW) to minimize the wafer tempera ture uniformity errors are proposed. 1,anip ling positions and the wafer height are important parameters for waf er temperature uniformity in R'I'P. We propose the method to seek lamp ling positions and the wafer height for optimal temperature uniformity. l'he ~~roposed method is applied to seek optimal lamp ling positions and the waf er height of 8 inch wafer. 'I'o seek the optimal lamp ling positions and the wafer height, we var\ulcorner. lamp ling 110s itions and the wafer height and then formulate the wafer temperature uniformity problem to the linear programmi ng problem. Finally, it is shown that the wafer temperature uniformity in RI'I' designed by optimal prarneters is improved to comparing with Ii'l'P designed by the other method.

The effect of the process parameters on the stable lifetime in rapid thermal firing(RTF) was investigated in order to optimize the process for the Cz-silicon. The process temperature was varied between $700^{\circ}C\;and\;950^{\circ}C$ while the process time was chosen 1 s and 10 s. At below $850^{\circ}C$ the stable lifetime for 10 s is higher than that for 1 s and increases with increasing by the process temperature. However, at over $850^{\circ}C$ the improved stable lifetime is not dependent on the process time and temperature. On the other hand, two high temperature processes in solar cell fabrics are combined with the optimized process and the non-optimized process. The last process determines the stable lifetime. Also, the degraded stable lifetime could be increased by processing in optimized process. The decreased lifetime can increase using the optimized oxidation process, which is a final process in solar cells. Finally, the optimized and non-optimized processes are applied solar cells.

An iterative learning control technique based on a linear quadratic optimal criterion is proposed for temperature uniformity control of a silicon wafer in rapid thermal processing.

본 연구에서는 텅스텐 할로겐 램프를 이용한 급속 열처리 장치로 웨이퍼를 가 열할 때 시간에 따라 변하는 웨이퍼의 2차원 온도 분포와 온도 구배에 의해 발생하는 열응력을 실리콘 웨이퍼의 결정방향에 따라 다른 값을 갖는 탄성계수를 고려하여 계산 하고, 슬립의 발생 시기, 웨이퍼의 가열속도와 슬립량의 관계, 그리고 웨이퍼에 발생 한 슬립의 진전 특성에 대하여 살펴보고 실험결과와 비교하였다.

A numerical solution of temperature and thermally induced stress in a wafer during rapid thermal processing (R.T.P) is obtained, and an analysis of onset and propagation of slip is performed and compared with experiment. In order to calculate temperature distribution of a wafer in R.T.P system, heat conduction equation that incorporated with radiative and convective heat transfer model is solved, and the solution of the equation is calculated numerically using alternating direction implicit (A.D.I) method. In dealing with radiative heat transfer, a partially transparent body that absorbs the radiation energy is assumed and this transparent body undergoes multiple internal reflections and absorptions. Two dimensional (assuming plane stress) thermoelastic constitutive equation is used to calculate thermal stress induced in a wafer and finite element method is employed to solve the equation numerically. The stress resolved in the slip directions on the slip planes of silicon is compared with the yield stress of silicon in order to predict the slip. The result of the analysis shows that the wafer temperature at which slip occurs is affected by the heating rate of the R.T.P system. It is observed that once slip occurs in the wafer, the slip grows.

A thermal model based on the chamber geometry of the industry-standard AST SHS200MA rapid thermal processing system has been developed for the study of thermal uniformity and process repeatability thermal model combines radiation energy transfer directly from the tungsten-halogen lamps and the steady-state thermal conducting equations. Because of the difficulties of solving partial differential equation, calculation of wafer temperature was performed by using finite-difference approximation. The proposed thermal model was verified via titanium silicidation experiments. As a result, we can conclude that the thermal model show good estimation of wafer surface temperature distribution.

In this paper, design parameters of rapid thermal processing(RTP) to minimize the wafer temperature uniformity errors are proposed. Lamp ring positions and the wafer height are important parameters for wafer temperature uniformity in RTP. We propose the method to seek lamp ring positions and the wafer gheight for optimal temperature uniformity. The proposed method is applied to seek optimal lamp ring positions and the wafer feight of 8 inch wafer. To seek the optimal lamp ring positions and the wafer height, we vary lamp ring positions and the wafer height and then formulate the wafer temperature uniformity problem to the linear programming problem. Finally, it is shown that the wafer temperature uniformity in RTP designed by optimal problem. Finally, it is hsown that the wafer temperature uniformity is RTP designed by optimal parameters is improved to comparing with RTP designed by the other method.

점차 대형화 및 복잡화되어 가고 있고 구조 개편에 따른 다양한 운용주체들의 참여에 따라 전력계통의 보다 신속하고 정확한 운용 상태의 파악과 효과적인 사고 대처의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 전력계통의 운용 상태에 대한 정확한 판단과 특히 근래에 자주 발생되고 있는 광역정전에 보다 효과적으로 대처하기 위해서는 많은 경우의 상정사고들뿐만이 아니라 각 상정사고 후에 발생할 가능성이 큰 후속 고장들에 대해서 까지도 분석할 필요성이 있다. 이를 위해서는 발생 가능성이 큰 사고 및 사고 시 계통에 큰 영향을 줄 수 있는 사고들의 선정 및 이들의 해석 우선순위를 신속히 결정할 수 있고 사고 해석에 소요되는 시간을 대폭 감소시킬 수 있는 시스템의 구현이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 많은 시간이 소요되는 상정사고 및 그로 인한 일련의 파급 가능 사고들에 대한 해석을 신속히 수행하기 위한 병렬연산 기반 멀티 에이전트 시스템을 제안한다.

급속 열처리 방법으로 두께가 약 80.angs.C인 산화막을 성장시킨 후 950.angs.C와 1150.angs.C의 온도에서 15초-120초 동안 질화 및 재산화 공정을 수행하여 초 박막 구조의 질화 및 재산화된 질화 산화막을 성장하였다. 성장한 질화산 화막과 재 산화된 진화 산화막의 전기적 특성은 C-V, I-V, 전하 포획 및 TDDB 측정등을 통하여 분석하였다. 측정된 소자의 특성으로부터 질화 조건이 950.angs.C, 60초이고 재산화 조건이 1150.angs.C, 60초인 재산화된 질화 산화막은 전기적 스트레스 인가후에 전하 포획에 의한 평탄전압변화(.DELTA. $V_{fb}$ )와 계면 상태밀도( $D_{itm}$)의 증가가 산화막보다 적은 우수한 특성을 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다.

In this study, ferroelectric thin films of PZT with different Zr/Ti ratio were prepared by sol-get processing and annealed by rapid thermal annealing at >$500^{\circ}C$>$-700^{\circ}C$ for 10 sec. -1 min. Structures of the annealed films were examined by X-ray diffraction and SEM. Thin films of PZT with perovskite structure have been obtained by annealing at >$600^{\circ}C$ or above and for 20 seconds or longer. Maximum remnant polarization of 10.24.mu.C/cm$^{2}$ and minimum coercive field of 20.06 kV/cm were obtained from the 56/44 and 65/35 Zr/Ti composition films, respectively. Dielectric constant, .epsilon.$_{r}$ of 500-1300 and dielectric loss, tan .delta., of 0.01-0.035 were obtained from the films.s.

We fabricated a tin sulfide (SnS) layer with Sn/Mo/glass layers followed by a RTP (rapid thermal processing), and studied the film growth and structural characteristics as a function of annealing temperature and time. The elemental sulfur (S) was cracked thermally and applied to form SnS polycrystalline film out of the Sn percursor at pre-determined pressures in the RTP tube. The sulfurization was done at the temperature from $200^{\circ}C$ to $500^{\circ}C$ for a time period of 10 to 40 min. At ${\leq}300^{\circ}C$, 20 min., p-type SnS thin films was grown and showed the best composition of at.% of [S]/[Sn] $${\sim_=}$$ 1 and [111] preferred orientation as investigated from using XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis and EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and optical absorption by a UV-VIS spectrometer. In this paper, we report the details of growth characteristics of single phase SnS thin film as a function of annealing temperature and time associated with the pressure and ambient gas in the RTP tube.