Earticle

This study was designed to maximize extract yields of functional components in Angelica gigas Nakai byextrusion process. In addition, the optimizing condition of the extrusion process was established to increase the extraction ofthe functional components in A. gigas. The total polyphenol was increased by 40% compared to a control. And the optimizingcondition was that the screw speed was 62.76 rpm, the amount of A. gigas powder was 34.79 ㎏/h, and the amount ofwater was 4.44 ㎏/h. The result of antioxidant activities of A. gigas extrusion, the inhibition of oxidization had the effect of10.29 ~ 14.59% compared to a control. The content of decursin and decursinol angelate, which were index components, was6.37%; it was increased by 16.64% compared to a control (5.31%) and showed a significantly difference (p < 0.05). And theoptimizing condition was the screw speed 93.71 rpm, the amount of A. gigas powder was 28.67 ㎏/h, and the amount ofwater was 9.9 ㎏/h.

The demand of quality green banana chips is increasing in the world snacks market, therefore, the preparation of quality chips and their subsequent shelf life in packaging were evaluated in this study. Banana slices were fried in hot oil to the desired moisture content (2-3%) and oil content (40%) in chips at 3 different temperatures, and the impact of different pretreatments were compared by sensory assessment. A linear relationship between time and temperature was used to achieve the optimal processing conditions. Banana slices fried at the lower temperature of 145℃ took longer to reach the desired chip qualities, but gave the best results in terms of color and texture. Blanching was the most effective pre-treatment for retaining the light yellow color in finished chips. For extending the shelf life of chips, moisture proof packaging in double layer high density polyethylene was more effective than single layer low density polyethylene.

본 논문에서는 내부전극 Pt를 갖는 적층형 압전액튜에이터의 제조와 적층수에 따른 압전액튜에이터 압전특성에 대해 조사 연구하였다. 먼저, Dr.blade방법을 사용하여 두께 ~220.mu.m의 PZT green sheet를 제작하였다. green sheet의 밀도는 결합제 양과 외부압력에 대해 크게 의존하였으며 소결체의 밀도는 green sheet의 밀도가 커질수록 더 높게 나타났다. 다음에는 적층수에 따른 압전정수의 변화에 대한 것으로써 압전정수(d$_{33}$)는 PZT세라믹스의 적층수가 증가할수록 매우 크게 증가되었으며 압전정수를 도입하여 계산된 변형량(.DELTA.l/l)은 10층 시편에 대해 2*$10^{6}$V/m의 전계에서 3*$10^{-3}$값을 얻었다. 이와같은 결과로써 적층형 압전액튜에이터는 저전압에서도 큰 변위를 나타내며 따라서 제어장치의 미세작동에 충분히 이용 될 수가 있다.다.

In this paper, I have studied minimization of the kerf-width and surface burning which are occurred after the singulation process of multi layer $\mu$-BGA( thickness 1.1 mm, 0.9 mm) with a pulsed Nd:YAG( = 532 nm, repetition rate = 10 Hz) laser. The thermal energy of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser is used to cut the copper layer. I have studied are minimization of the surface burning and kerf-width using a photo resist, $N_2$blowing and polyester double sided tape as a cutting parameter. The $N_2$blowing reduces a laser energy loss by debris and suppresses a surface carbonization. Also, I have studied characters of cutting with a choice of side of laser beam incidence. The SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope), non-contact 3D inspector and high-resolution microscope are used to measure kerf width and surface state. The optimum value of 1.1 mm $\mu$-BGA singulation is 524 $\mu$m that is reduced kerf width of 60 % with $N_2$blowing. And I obtained reduction of carbonization of 68 % with a polyester double side tape in 0.9 mm $\mu$-BGA. I used laser intensity of 1.91$\times$10$^{6}$ / $\textrm{cm}^2$ in this study.

한반도 남해 제주도 남동부해역 도미분지에 대하여 한국지질자원연구원은 2007년 2차원 해양탄성파 탐사를 수행하였다. 탐사의 목적은 한반도 해역의 대륙붕에서 기반암의 구조를 파악하고 대륙붕 내의 자원부존 가능성을 분석하고자 함이다. 기반암의 구조를 파악하기 위해서는 중합단면 및 구조보정 단면을 효율적으로 구성하는 것이 필요하다. 그러나 탐사해역의 수심은 평균 100 m 내외로 해수면과 해저면 사이에서 발생하는 다중반사파가 일부 구간에서 강하게 기록되어 기초전산처리 기법만으로는 중합단면에서 기반암의 구조가 명확히 분석되지 않는 경우가 있다. 본 연구에서는 도미분지 2차원 탄성파 자료에 대한 최적의 전산처리 변수를 도출하고자 하였고 특히 페그레그 해저면 다중반사파(peg-leg multiple)를 제거하는데 주 목적을 두었다. 탄성파 자료 전산처리의 주요 단계는 최소위상 예측 디콘볼루션(minimum phase predictive deconvolution), 속도분석 및 레이던 필터(Radon filter)로 구성되었으며 각 단계마다 중합단면을 계산하여 적용한 전산처리 변수가 적절히 설정되었는지를 검증하였다. 자료처리 결과 본 연구에서 설정한 변수들이 도미분지 탄성파 자료 전산처리에 효과적임을 확인하였다.

Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM) carried out 2 dimensional multi-channel seismic surveys for Domi-Basin of east-southern part of Jeju Island, South Sea, Korea in 2007. The purpose of this survey is to investigate the structure of acoustic basement and the potential of energy resources in the Korean shelf. It is essential to produce fine stack and migration section to understand the structure of basement. However a basement can not be clearly defined where multiples exist between sea surface and seafloor. This study aimed at designing the optimal data processing parameter, especially to eliminate the peg-leg multiples. Main data processing procedure is composed of minimum phase predictive deconvolution, velocity analysis and Radon filter. We tested the efficiency of processing parameter from stack sections of each step. Our results confirmed that processing parameters are suitable for the seismic data of Domi-Basin.

Parameter analysis has been performed for an equal channel angular process. The processing variables such as channel configuration, friction coefficient, and ram speed were investigated by means of the magnitudes and distributions of effective plastic strain analysis through the deformation. The materials considered were pure aluminum and titanium. Here firstly, a finite element implementation by using the commercial ABAQUS software was carried out for both the aluminum and titanium materials based on the L-channel configuration. The experimental investigation then has been conducted using the obtained data. Finally, the ability of robust metals which can be produced by the optimized ECAP has been discussed by the appropriate parameter analysis.

When modeling a sensor system mathematically, we assume that the sensor noise is Gaussian and white to simplify the model. If this assumption fails, the performance of the sensor model-based controller or estimator degrades due to incorrect modeling. In practice, non-Gaussian or non-white noise sources often arise in many digital sensor systems. Additionally, the noise parameters of the sensor model are not known in advance without additional noise statistical information. Moreover, disturbances or high nonlinearities often cause unknown sensor modeling errors. To estimate the uncertain noise and model parameters of a sensor system, this paper proposes an iterative batch calibration method using data-driven machine learning. Our simulation results validate the calibration performance of the proposed approach.

The processing shrinkage of polyester filament fabrics in relaxed and pre-set state give a direct influence on the mechanical and physical properties of the fabrics which effect fabric hand. This paper surveys correlation between fabric structural parameters such as warp and weft densities of the fabrics, and weft twist and processing shrinkage of the fabrics. For the purpose of this objective, specimens with various warp and weft densities, twists, and weft linear densities are prepared for the plain and satin weaves, respectively. All the specimens were processed into finishing process, and processing shrinkage in the relaxation and pre-set processes were measured.

We presented the proper laser processing conditions for the capillary line marking, which could be applied for the fabrication of injection needles. With changing the parameters such as lamp current, duty cycle and beam amplification factor of beam expander, we evaluated the processing performance considering amount of dross, processing efficiency and processed linewidth in the sample. We could carry out the proper line marking at the condition of 70% lamp current, duty cycle of 7-10% and 6-times amplification of beam diameter. To perform efficient line processing, the utilization of duty cycle of 12% at 80% lamp current was also preferred.

Detection of left ventricular boundary for the functional analysis of LV(left ventricle)is obtained using automatic boundary detection algorithm based on dynamic programming method. This scheme reduces the edge searching time and ensures connective edge detection, since it does not require general edge operator, edge thresholding and linking process of other edge. detection methods. The left ventricular diastolic volume and systolic volume and systolic volume were computed after this automatic boundary detection, and these Volume data wm applied to analyze LV ejection fraction.

We have studied the physico-chemical change and pharmacological transformation of traditional herbal medicines with processing. Evodia fruit (EF) has processed for the purpose of detoxification and reduction of its bitter taste. There are various methods of processing EF in Oriental medicinal reference. Among them, we processed EF according to the method of Sang-han theory, the most famous medicinal reference. We processed EF with washing in hot water, and then dried. Processed EFs(PEFs) were prepared according to the above procedure through repetition of 1,3,5 and 7 times respectively. The contents of weight loss, water extract, diluted ethanol extract, ether extract, total ash, acid insoluble ash, alkaloids and limonin in non-processed EF (NPEF) and PEFs were examined. The weight loss, and contents of water extract and dilute ethanol extract in PEF showed decrease in proportion to increase of washing time, while the contents of ether extract, total ash and acid insoluble ash showed little change as compared with those of NPEF. And the content of evodiamine and rutaecarpine was not changed distinctly. However, the content of limonin decreased in the final processed material in proportion to increase of washing times with hot water. And the intense of bitter taste in PEF was also reduced. These results were ascribed to the flowing-out of the water-soluble portion. The biological activities of NPEF and PEF were also investigated. In the test of DPPH scavenging effect, xanthine oxidase inhibition effect and TBA-Rs effect, PEF was more effective than NPEF in vitro. Also, both NPEF and PEF showed potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects against in mice. Especially, PEF by 3 times washing with hot water was more effective than other PEFs. From these results, it is considered that PEF should be prepared by 3 times washing with hot water.

This paper described the effect of subjective approach in case of the human sensibility experiments. The procedure is proceeded subjectively. Human faces are selected as the image presentation media. Pleasant and unpleasant images are selected directly by examiner, And also the image presentation system, which is executed with a computer and has the square-type black box monitor equipment, is manufactured. Images are presented with the step-variation time interval technique. questionnaire test and EEG signal detection data are analyzed. The analysis parameters are a “frequency band integral value” and a “band differential variation ratio”. he results show the high sensibility and fast response. The fact that image presenting repetition alleviates is verified.

시각제시에 의한 감성반응 생체신호 추출 실험시 시각 제시물 선정에 주관적 방식을 사용하였다. 시각제시 영상물로는 감성반응도가 가장 큰 인물얼굴 영상자료를 선정하였다. 피검자군 스스로 자신이 극도로 선호하고 혐오하는 양극단의 얼굴영상물을 선호도 특성조사를 통해 선택케 하였다. 외부와의 영상잡음이 차폐된 모니터 제시 장치를 구성하여 선호와 혐오의 양극단 영상물을 교차 제시하며 설문조사와 뇌파를 측정하였다. 피검자로는 남녀 대학생 20명을 선발하였으며 영상매체 선정을 비롯한 뇌파측정에 과정에 참여시켰다. 뇌파신호 분석 방법으로는 대역별 적분값, 반응구간 변화 미분값을 파라미터로 사용하였다. 분석결과, 교차제시에 따른 반응민감도가 향상되었으며 동일 시각 반복제시에 따라 민감도가 둔화됨을 밝혔다.

In this paper, design parameters of rapid thermal processing(RTP) to minimize the wafer temperature uniformity errors are proposed. Lamp ring positions and the wafer height are important parameters for wafer temperature uniformity in RTP. We propose the method to seek lamp ring positions and the wafer gheight for optimal temperature uniformity. The proposed method is applied to seek optimal lamp ring positions and the wafer feight of 8 inch wafer. To seek the optimal lamp ring positions and the wafer height, we vary lamp ring positions and the wafer height and then formulate the wafer temperature uniformity problem to the linear programming problem. Finally, it is shown that the wafer temperature uniformity in RTP designed by optimal problem. Finally, it is hsown that the wafer temperature uniformity is RTP designed by optimal parameters is improved to comparing with RTP designed by the other method.

해양 탄성파 탐사를 통해 취득한 자료에는 지하 매질에서 반사되어 오는 신호뿐만 아니라 해수면에서 되반사되어 발생하는 고스트가 존재한다. 고스트는 특정 주파수 성분을 약화시켜 탄성파 자료의 시간 해상도를 저하시킨다. 고스트를 효과적으로 제거하기 위해서는 정확한 고스트의 지연시간과 해수면의 반사계수가 요구된다. 고스트 지연시간은 해수면의 상하 움직임, 에어건과 스트리머의 움직임 및 벌림(offset) 거리 등에 의해 변하며, 해수면의 반사계수도 주파수, 평면파의 입사각 그리고 해상 상태에 따라 변한다. 이러한 영향을 고려한 고스트 지연시간을 추정하기 위하여 이 연구에서는 고스트 제거 트레이스 및 이의 자기상관 자료의 L-1 norm, L-2 norm 그리고 첨도(kurtosis)를 비교하였다. 자기상관자료의 L-1 norm을 계산하여 고스트 지연시간을 추정하는 것이 오차가 가장 적게 발생하였다. 현장자료의 파고를 고려하고 키르히호프 근사식을 이용하여 해수면의 반사계수를 계산하여 음원 및 수신기 고스트 제거에 적용하였다. 고스트를 제거함으로써 약화된 주파수 성분을 복원하였으며 시간 해상도가 향상된 구조보정 단면을 얻었다.

Marine seismic data have not only primary signals from subsurface but also ghost signals reflected from the sea surface. The ghost decreases temporal resolution of seismic data because it attenuates specific frequency components. For eliminating the ghost signals effectively, the exact ghost delaytimes and reflection coefficients are required. Because of undulation of the sea surface and vertical movements of airguns and streamers, the ghost delaytime varies spatially and randomly while acquiring seismic data. The reflection coefficient is a function of frequency, incidence angle of plane-wave and the sea state. In order to estimate the proper ghost delaytimes considering these characteristics, we compared the ghost delaytimes estimated with L-1 norm, L-2 norm and kurtosis of the deghosted trace and its autocorrelation on synthetic data. L-1 norm of autocorrelation showed a minimal error and the reflection coefficient was calculated using Kirchhoff approximation equation which can handle the effect of wave height. We applied the estimated ghost delaytimes and the calculated reflection coefficients to remove the source and receiver ghost effects. By removing ghost signals, we reconstructed the frequency components attenuated near the notch frequency and produced the migrated stack section with enhanced temporal resolution.