Earticle

증발산 산정 및 추정방법에 관한 연구는 꾸준히 수행되어왔다. 다양한 배경에 따라 여러 가지 모형이 개발되어왔으 며, 이러한 모형들은 각각 요구하는 입력자료 등의 특징이 다르다. 이에 본 연구는 증발산 모형들의 이론적 배경 및 특징과 국내 증발산 관련 연구의 시대별 발전과정을 소개한다. 먼저, 잠재증발산 산정방법을 요구하는 입력자료별로 구분함과 더불어 산정방법들의 유래 및 이론적 배경을 정리한다. 다음으로 실제증발산 추정방법의 특징을 정리한다. 아울러, 관측에 근거한 방법 및 강우-유출모형을 이용한 방법에 대하여 정리한다. 마지막으로, 주제별로 관련 국내 연 구의 시대별 발전과정 및 연구동향을 살펴본다.

Research on the method of calculating and estimating evapotranspiration has been steadily conducted. Various models have been developed according to different backgrounds, and each of these models has different characteristics such as required input data. Therefore, this study introduces the theoretical background and characteristics of evapotranspiration models and the development process of domestic research on evapotranspiration by era. First, the origin and theoretical background of the potential evapotranspiration models are summarized in addition to classifying them by input data. Then, the characteristics of the actual evapotranspiration estimation methods are summarized. Additionally, methods based on observation and methods using the rainfall-runoff models are summarized.

Purpose: This study aims to identify changes in the mirror neuron system in normal people through mu rhythm during action observation of occupation-based intervention, purposeful activity and prepare a method of intervention form of occupation using occupation and activity. Methods: TThis study aims to identify changes in the mirror neuron system in normal people through mu rhythm during action observation of occupation-based intervention, purposeful activity and prepare a method of intervention form of occupation using occupation and activity. The activation of the mirror neuron system was compaired among 3 condition by oneway ANOVA. Results: The result of analysis showed mu suppression in all conditions. Although all conditions showed mu suppression, there was no significant difference among the conditions. Conclusion: The results suggest that the mirror neuron system is activated during action observation to be able to occupational therapy but the mirror neuron system is not separately activated among the conditions.

Objective: This research proposes a methodology, which validates a grasp of the customers' emotions in the service design area. Background: As the era of service design has taken its approach, the need for a deliberate design that would reflect the customer's experience had emerged in the area of service. Therefore, a variety of methodologies has been adopted in the field of service design with the purpose of discovery of the customers' needs. Even though the importance of an emotion-sentient research of a service experience increases, its research progress remains to be inadequate in comparison to all the other areas. Method: Having had taken some resources from the emotional studies under other areas of expertise as a base, the concept of volatility of emotions has been introduced as the core element of this research, further followed by an elaboration of its special characteristics. The observation technique under Stakeholder's system: SOMC(Simultaneous Observation Method based on Cooperation) has been proposed in this study as it presents an effective way to grasp the concept of volatile emotions in contrast to the previously existent types of methodologies. Results: The SOMC rather supplements the existing research methods than substitutes the previous ones. In other words, although the existing research system allowed emotion detection, it was difficult to capture the change of momentary and fickle emotions. On the opposite, the SOMC provides a condition allowing a sufficient grasp of the customer's emotions and facilitates emotional capture. Conclusion: For that reason, it is hoped that this piece of research represents a valuable and effective approach in terms of grasping the true needs of the customers on the emotional level, which will in its turn contribute to the improvement of the service quality in the midst of a complicated service condition. Application: Moreover, the purpose of this research is that in its outcome it may serve as a sufficient contribution to the area of emotional studies within the field of service design.

In a service environment, the spatial layout is an important factor that has a great impact on customers' behavioral characteristics including wayfinding and purchasing. Previous studies have shown a gap between marketing, focusing solely on profitability and satisfaction, and architecture, looking only into efficiency of pedestrian flow. To balance such disparity, this study suggests an integrated approach for assessing behavioral patterns in complex service environments. With the objective that complex service environments should aim to increase its profitability and efficiency while guaranteeing customer satisfaction, quantitative metrics was developed for evaluation. The metrics was defined to use data from behavior observation including path tracking, population counting, and gaze analysis, while previous studies have relied on abstract survey methods that were prone to sampling errors and loss of data. For validation of the metrics in a real world setting, a case study was conducted at 4 train stations in Korea. In the case study, experiments were conducted to gather the required data in all 4 train stations, while their physical layouts were also analyzed. With the results from the case study, comparative evaluation of the 4 train stations in terms of behavioral efficiency was possible, together with a discussion on the effect of their physical settings.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a numerical algorithm for the problem of coefficient identification of the scalar wave equation based on a local observation on the boundary: Determine the unknown coefficient function with the knowledge of simultaneous Dirichlet and Neumann boundary values on a part of boundary. To find the unknown coefficient function, the unknown Neumann boundary value is also identified. We recast our inverse problem to variational problem. The gradient method is applied to find the minimizing functions. We confirm the effectiveness of our algorithm by numerical experiments.

본 연구는 문제중심학습(Problem-Based Learning) 방법을 적용한 ‘아동관찰및행동연구’ 수업에서 예비유아교사의 학습경험을 조사하고 그 의미를 살펴봄으로써, 교원양성과정에서 효과적인 PBL 활용 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구참여자는 충북지역 4년제 대학 유아교육학과 1학년 학생 26명이었고, PBL에 대한 사전경험은 없었다. PBL 수업은 이론 수업과 병행하여 7주간 진행되었고, 1개의 문제(problem)가 제시되었다. 연구자 저널, 연구참여자의 과제물 및 메모, 집단면담 전사 자료를 수집하여내용분석한 결과 예비유아교사의 학습경험은 다음과 같다. 실제인 듯 실제 아닌 관찰경험, 만족스러운 협력학습 & 신뢰할 수 없는 동료평가, 이캠(e-campus)으로 확인하는학습 과정, 강의와 PBL의 선순환 등 4개의 주제이다. 이를 토대로 교원양성과정에서PBL 수업을 할 때 고려할 내용을 논의하였다.

The study was to investigate learning experiences of pre-service early childhood teachers in the child observation and behavior study class with the application of a problem-based learning method, in order to find a proper application of PBL in the teacher training course. Participants of the study were 26 freshman students of the early childhood education department at a University located in the Chungcheong province, who had no experience of PBL. The PBL method was performed along with lecture during 7 weeks, and one ‘problem’ was provided. The collected data were a researcher’s journal, participants’ assignments and memos, and group interview transcripts, and the content analysis results were as follows. Participants’ learning experiences were revealed as four topics; Observation experience that seems to be not real, satisfied cooperative learning & unreliable peer review, learning process identified through e-campus, and a virtuous circle of lectures and PBL. Based on these, the contents to be considered when PBL class was taught in the teacher training course were discussed.

본 논문에서는 계절 및 주야의 온도변화를 고려한 관측위성의 열지향오차해석을 실시한다. 관측위성은 임무수행기간 동안 다채널의 관측센서를 이용해서 지구표면의 영상을 촬영한다. 그러나 주야 및 계절별로 최대 200도의 온도환경 차이가 발생하며 이로 인해 관측센서 및 별추적기의 시선벡터가 변화되고 정해진 목표지점의 영상촬영이 어렵다. 이런 문제를 사전예측하고 대응하기 위해서 열지향오차해석을 실시한다. 우선 궤도열환경해석으로부터 도출된 성긴 온도장 정보를 상세한 구조유한요소모델에 PAT기법을 이용해 보간하여 온도변화에 따른 열변형해석을 수행하였다. PAT로 보간된 온도분포의 정확도를 검증하였으며, 열변형해석결과로부터 열지향오차를 도출하였다.

In this work, we conduct a thermal pointing error analysis of the observation satellites considering seasonal and daily temperature variation with interpolated temperature based on prescribed average temperature (PAT) method. Maximum 200 degree temperature excursion is applied to the observation satellites during on-orbit operation, which cause the line of sight (LOS) to deviate from the designated pointing direction due to thermo-elastic deformation. To predict and adjust such deviation, the thermo-elastic deformation analysis with a fine structural finite element model is accomplished with interpolated thermal maps calculated from the results of on-station thermal analysis with a coarse thermal model. After verifying the interpolated temperatures by PAT with two benchmark problems, we evaluate the thermal pointing error.

본 논문에서는 곤충 종의 외관구조인 머리, 몸통, 날개, 다리에 대한 관찰자의 일반적이고 수평적인 관찰특성에 따라 자유롭게 곤충 종을 관찰함으로써 관찰 곤충 검색엔진에서의 사용자 만족도 제고와 보다 효율적인 관찰학습의 방법을 제안한다. 자연생태 환경에서 초보 학습자의 효율적인 관찰검색과 효과적 학습을 위해서는 생물학적 분류체계가 아닌 곤충 종의 외관구조 즉, 외부 신체구조의 모양과 특성 중심의 곤충관찰 기반의 검색(Insect Search by Observation based on Insect Appearance: ISOIA)이 필요하다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 곤충의 외관구조인 머리, 몸통, 날개, 다리에 대한 관찰자의 일반적인 관찰방법에 따른ISOIA 검색방식을 제안하고, 기존의 ISBC와 ISOBC 검색체계에 대한 사용 만족도를 비교 분석하여 본 논문에서 제안하는 ISOIA 검색 방안이 우수함을 보이고자 한다.

In this study, we proposed a new model with ISOIA (Insect Search by Observation based on Insect Appearance) method based on observation by insect appearance to improve user satisfaction, and compared it with the ISBC and ISOBC methods. In order to test these three insect search systems with AHP method, we derived three evaluation criteria for user satisfaction and three sub-evaluation criteria by evaluation criterion. In the ecological environment, non-experts need insect search systems to identify insect species and to get u-Learning contents related to the insects. To assist the public the non-experts, ISBC (Insect Search by Biological Classification) method based on biological classification to search insects and ISOBC (Insect Search by Observation based on Biological Classification) method based on the inference that identifies the observed insect through observation according to biological classification have been provided. In the test results, we found the order of priorities was ISOIA, ISOBC, and ISBC. It shows that the ISOIA system proposed in this study is superior in usage and quality compared with the previous insect search systems.

Many western researchers divide translation training into two types: school translation at the university level and professional translation at the higher educational institution level (above university). However, several researchers now emphasize an integrated training by introducing professional translation at the university level. Through such training, students develop translation competency and knowledge which are largely shaped by the teaching style of professor, and are being assessed regularly to check on their improvements. Under these circumstances, the goal of training, teaching style, and assessment are closely intertwined, and each plays a prominent role in translation education. Moreover, the sociocultural factors of a given country may shape teaching methods of a professor. The aim of this paper is to investigate how the goal of training and the teaching style (student-centered vs. professor-centered) are influenced by socio-cultural factors as well as by assessment methods (process-oriented vs. result-oriented, validity/reliability of evaluation). The analysis of five classes of ESIT and two classes of L.E.A. of University Paris 3 in France conducted in 2010, revealed that the two schools adopted a student-oriented teaching style with two-way communication between professor and students, and that the teaching style is influenced by a unique socio-cultural background of France characterized as strong individualism, emphasis on flexible/creative thinking, and non-hierarchical interpersonal relations to name a few. While both ESIT and L.E.A. have in place an assessment criteria which incorporates factors such as validity and reliability, the two schools also stressed a process-oriented assessment with IPDC (Integrated Problem and Decision Reporting) which allow students to solve issues faced in translation and develop good judgment by applying tried-and-proven methods. We want to propose three courses namely lecture-active, research-oriented, and language-enhancement (for both source and target languages) in the curriculum of L.E.A. by building on the basic comprehension equation of the source-text proposed by Gile (1995) in order to accomplish the goal of introducing professional translation as a learning method at the university level.

Herein, we propose a LoRaWAN-based small draft system that can measure the ocean current flow (speed, direction, and distance) in real time at the request of the Coast Guard to develop a device that can promptly find survivors at sea. This system has been implemented and verified in the early stages of rescue after maritime vessel accidents, which are frequent. GPS signals often transmit considerable errors, so correction algorithms using the improved triangulation method algorithm are required to accurately indicate the direction of currents in real time. This paper is structured in the following manner. The introduction section elucidates rescue activities in the case of a maritime accident. Chapter 2 explains the characteristics and main parameters of the GPS surveying technique and LoRaWAN communication, which are related studies. It explains and expands on the critical distance error correction algorithm for GPS signals and its improvement. Chapter 3 discusses the design and analysis of small draft buoys. Chapter 4 presents the testing and validation of the implemented system in both onshore and offshore environments. Finally, Section 5 concludes the study with the expected impact and effects in the future.