Earticle

This study concerns (i) Botanical characterization of local almond ecotype named "Beldi" based on flowering period and flowers color measurements (ii) Chemical characterization of almond oil such as acidity and peroxide index and specific UV absorbance values (K232 & K270). The color results of 100 flowers analyzed by chromameter shows two different color categories. The first is very light pink to whitish ($L^*=81.58$, $a^*=7.43$, $b^*=8.06$). The second is a dark pink ($L^*=71.64$, $a^*=18.34$, $b^*=4.97$) with a difference in color between the two categories ${\Delta}E=15.07$. Compared to Ferragnes/Ferraduel varieties, Beldi almond kernel has almost a comparable oil yield but different acidity and peroxide values which are 0.81%, $8.12meq/O_2/kg$ and 0.40%, $16.39meq/O_2/kg$ respectively.

The effects of intra-duodenal infusion of methionine (Met), lysine (Lys) and leucine (Leu) on dry matter intake (DMI), the concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH) and insulin in plasma, and liver IGF-I mRNA level were investigated in two experiments for Liuyang Black growing wether goats. In Experiment 1, three goats ($10.0{\pm}0.1$ kg) were fitted with ruminal, proximal duodenal and terminal ileal fistulaes to determine the infusion amounts of Met, Lys and Leu at the duodenum according to essential amino acid flows into the duodenum and their apparent digestibility. The infusion amounts were 0.77 g/d, 0.91 g/d and 0.58 g/d respectively. In Experiment 2, 4 groups of goats (($10.0{\pm}0.2$ kg) for each group, were cannulated at the duodenum, and were infused with a mixture of Met, Lys and Leu (Control), or mixtures with 21% Met, Lys or Leu replaced with glutamate respectively on a nitrogenous basis. The replacement of 21% Met, Lys or Leu with glutamate did not affect intakes of maize stover, concentrate or both (p>0.05) when compared with the control. The replacement of 21% Met or Lys significantly (p<0.05) reduced plasma GH, insulin and IGF-I concentrations and liver IGF-I mRNA level. The replacement of 21% Leu with glutamate reduced (p<0.05) plasma IGF-I concentration only, but not plasma insulin and GH, as well as liver IGF-I mRNA level (p>0.05). The close relationships between supplying Met and Lys in the lumen of the duodenum and plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentrations, as well as liver IGF-I mRNA level in this study indicate that the effects of the limiting amino acids on nutrition of animals are likely intermediated via their effects on these hormones, and these hormone profiles could be used as intermediate markers for the limiting order of amino acids.

For investment calculation of capital assets, it is desirable to grasp the limiting factors of its calculation. The limiting factors can be listed as follows; $\circled1$ difficulty in estimating the service life of capital assets. $\circled2$ difficulty in estimating the receipts, and operating and maintenance expenses of the project. $\circled3$ difficulty in determining common Minimum Attractive Rate of Return. $\circled4$ difficulty in estimating the salvage value of the assets. $\circled5$ some limiting factors on present worth calculation of the projects. $\circled6$ Some limiting factors on payout period method of the economic calculation.

유효토심은 작물의 선택, 시비, 토양관리 등에 중요한 역할을 하므로 우리니라 토양조사 결과 밝혀진 390개 토양통에 관한 토양단면기술과 물리화학성을 가지고 유효토심 결정시 고려해야 할 저해인자들에 대한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 유효토심 결정시 저해인자는 경반, 경사, 미숙, 분석, 사질, 석력, 암반, 염해, 저습, 중점, 특이산성, 화산회 토양과 저해인자가 없는 토양으로 구분하였다. 경반층이 저해인자인 토양통수는 5개, 경사 93, 미숙 29, 분석 5, 사질 42, 석력 47, 암반 19, 염해 8, 저습 22, 중점 32, 특이산성 3, 화산회 27개 토양통이었으 며, 저해인자가 없는 토양은 58개 토양통으로 구분되었다. 저해인자별로 평균 유효토심이 깊은 순서는 미숙 > 경사 > 화산회 > 중점 > 사질 > 석력 > 경반 > 분석 > 저습 > 암반 > 특이산성 > 염해 순인 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 저해인자를 가지고 있는 토양은 토지이용시 적절한 관리를 통하여 저해인자별로 개량함으로써 작물 뿌리를 충실하게 하여 생산성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The limiting factors to determine available soil depth were studied with 390 soil series in soil profile description and physicochemical data in Korean soils. The limiting factors were coarse sandy layer, gravel and skeletal layer, hardpan layer, cat clay layer, poorly drained layer, salt accumulated layer and bed rock layer so on. The soils of having limiting factors were 332 soil series, but soils without limiting factors were 58 soil series. Soils with limiting factors were, hardpan 5, slopeness 93, immature soil 29, cinder 5, sandy 42, gravel or skeletal 47, bedrock 19, high salt content 8, poorly drained soil 22, heavy clay 32, sulfate soil 3 and ash soil 27 etc. And the orders of available soil depth were immature > slopeness > ash > heavy clay > sandy > gravel or skeletal > hardpan > cindery > poorly drained > bedrock > acid sulfate soil > salt accumulated soil etc.

연구 목적: 본 연구는 지방자치관련 법령상 지방분권 및 지방균형발전을 저해하는 제도적 문제점을 검토하여 지방분권 및 지방균형발전을 위한 제도적 개선방안을 제시하고자 하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구 방법: 연구방법은 첫째, 지방균형발전의 장애요인으로 작용하는 중앙정부와 지방자치단체 사무 및 정책의 제약요인에 관한 지방자치관련 법령을 분석한다. 둘째, 우리의 지방자치제도 관련 법령상 지방분권 및 지방자치를 저해하는 법제의 문제점을 도출하여 제도적 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. 셋째, 법원판례에서 지방자치의 개선을 위한 판례동향을 검토하여 지방자치제도의 제도적 개선안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구 내용: 지방균형발전을 저해하는 지방자치 사무 및 정책의 제약요인에 대한 검토를 통하여 지방자치관련 법령의 문제점을 제시하고 향후 지방자치관련 법령에 대한 개선안을 제시하였다. 결론 및 제언: 본 연구는 지방자치관련 법령상 지방균형발전의 장애요인과 법원 판례의 동향에 대한 분석을 통하여 지방자치 사무, 정책, 재정에 대한 한계요인과 지방자치관련 법령상의 한계요인의 문제점을 제시하고, 이에 대한 개선방안으로서 「헌법」 및 지방자치 관련 법령의 개선을 통한 지방자치의 효율성 달성과 지방균형발전을 위한 방안을 모색해보고자 한다.

The purpose of this study is to present institutional improvement measures for decentralization and balanced local development by reviewing institutional problems that hinder decentralization and balanced local development under local government-related laws. Through a review of restrictions on local autonomy affairs and policies that hinder balanced local development, the problems of local autonomy-related laws are derived and measures to improve local autonomy-related laws are presented. Through analysis of obstacles to balanced local development and trend analysis of court precedent, this study presents factor and policy problem that hinder balanced local development, and seeks way to ensure the efficiency of local autonomy and achieve balanced local development through improvement of the Constitution and local government-related laws.