Earticle

국내 심부지질환경조건을 반영한 처분안전성 평가에 필요한 입력자료를 제공하기위해, 그 동안 국내 지하시험시설(KURT)환경조건에서 많은 실험을 수행해 왔다. 안전성평가코드에 사용되는 많은 입력변수 들 중 중요성이 부각되는 입력변수들을 선정하여, 각 변수별로 수집한 자료를 통계처리를 하여 값 분포 특성을 기술하고, 외국자료 값과 비교평가를 통해 값의 타당성을 검토하였다. 다룬 입력변수로서 용기물 성분야에서 용기수명, 초기파손률을, 완충재물성분야에서는 핵종용해도, 완충재의 공극률, 밀도, 확산계 수, 핵종분배계수를, 암반 및 원계영역에서는 수리전도도, 지하수유속, 핵종분배계수, 확산깊이, 암반균 열폭, 주지하수유동통로까지 거리, 핵종이동오염운의 너비 등이다.

To provide domestic values of input parameters in a safety assessment of radioactive waste disposal under domestic deep underground environments, various kinds of experiments have been carried out under KURT (KAERI Underground Research Tunnel) conditions. The input parameters were classified, and some of them were selected for this study by the criteria of importance. The domestic experimental data under KURT environments were given top priority in the data review process. Foreign data under similar conditions to KURT were also gathered. The collected data were arranged and the statistical calculations were processed. The properties and distribution of the data were explained and compared to foreign values in view of their validity. The following parameters were analysed: failure time and early time failure rate of a container, solubility of nuclides, porosity and density of the buffer, and distribution coefficients of nuclides in the geomedia, hydraulic conductivity, diffusion depth of nuclides, groundwater flow rate, fracture aperture, length of internal fracture, and width of faulted rock mass in the host rock.

This paper proposes a multi-innovation stochastic gradient (MISG) parameter estimation algorithm for an input nonlinear controlled autoregressive (IN-CAR) model, i.e., a Hammerstein nonlinear CAR system, by expanding the innovation length. The analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed MISG algorithm can generate more accurate parameter estimates for IN-CAR systems compared with the stochastic gradient algorithm.

Parameter set of an LPV system is divided into a number of subsets so that robust feedback gains may be designed for each subset of parameters. A concept of quasi-invariant set is introduced, which allows finite steps of delay in reentrance to the set. A feasible and positively invariant set with respect to a gain-scheduled state feedback control can be easily obtained from the quasi-invariant set. A receding horizon control strategy can be derived based on this feasible and invariant set.

To achieve high performance speed regulation, a robust adaptive speed controller is proposed for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) subject to parameter uncertainties and input saturations in this paper. A nonlinear adaptive control is introduced to compensate the PMSM speed tracking errors due to uncertainties, disturbances and control input saturation constraints. By combining the adaptive control and the nonlinear robust control based on the interconnection and damping assignment (IDA) strategy, a new robust adaptive control is designed for speed regulation of PMSM. Stability and robustness of the closed-loop control system involved with the constrained control inputs rather than unconstrained control inputs are validated. Simulations for PMSM control in the presence of uncertainties and saturations nonlinearities show that the proposed approach is effective to regulate speed, and the average tracking error using the proposed approach is at least 32% smaller than the compared methods.

Adaptive feedback linearizing control schemes are used to suppress limit cycle oscillations in nonlinear systems where the system parameters are either unknown or uncertain. Parameter convergence is desirable in these schemes as it provides a measure of robustness of the scheme and also permits the unknown/uncertain system parameters to be estimated. In recent work, we have shown how using a persistently exciting forcing it is possible to achieve parameter convergence in nonlinear limit cycling systems. In practice, however, limits on the control input to the plant due to saturation must be considered, and the main goal of this work is to analyze the effect of input saturation on parameter convergence in an adaptive feedback linearization framework. In particular, a technique known as control hedging is incorporated and the effectiveness of this method for very severe saturation constraints has been evaluated. Results are presented for a single degree-of-freedom wing rock dynamics model and a multi degree-of-freedom combustion acoustics model showing successful parameter convergence even in the presence of input saturation.

Joining of grey cast iron by fusion welding has much difficulties for its extremely low ductility and lowtoughness because of the flake form of the graphite. And the brittle microstructure, i.e. ledeburite may beformed during fusion welding by its rapid cooling rates. By these kinds of welding problem, preheat andpost heat treatment temperature must be increased to avoid weld crack or welding problems. In order to avoid these fusion welding problem, friction welding of cast iron was carried out for improvingjoint soundness, establishing friction welding variables. There is no factor for evaluating friction weldability in continuous drive type friction welding. In this point of view,this study proposed the parameters for calculating friction weld heat input. The results obtained are as follows ;1. There was a close relationship between tensile strength and flash appearance of friction welded joint. 2. Tensile strength was decreased and flash was severely oxidized as increasing frictional heating time. 3. As increased forging pressure P2, flash had a large crack and tensile strength was decreased. 4. As powdered graphite by rotational frictional force induced flat surface and hindered plastic flow ofmetal ,tensile strength of welded joint was decreased. 5. Heat input for continuous drive type friction welding could be calculated by the factors of P1, P2 andupset distance(δ).

In this paper, we present a high-performance SiGe HBT's RF input impedance parameter extraction method. The SiGe HBT has emitter width of 0.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and length of 6${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. S-parameter has been measured with the collector current of 1~3㎃ using on-wafer RF measuring system . The pre-calculation method was used in order to overcome the local minimum problem. This method enabled us to extract a RF(1~10㎓) input impedance parameter.

한국어 띄어쓰기에서 통계적 모델을 사용한 기존의 연구들은 최대우도추정(Maximum Likelihood Estimation)에 기반하고 있다. 그러나 최대우도추정은 자료부족 시 부정확한 결과를 주는 단점이 있다. 본 연구는 이에 대한 대안으로 사용자 입력을 고려하는 베이지언 파라미터 추정(Bayesian parameter estimation)을 제안한다. 기존 연구가 사용자 입력을 교정 대상으로만 간주한 것에 비해, 제안 방법은 사용자 입력을 교정 대상이면서 동시에 학습의 대상으로 해석한다. 제안하는 방법에서 사용자 입력은 학습 말뭉치의 자료부족에서 유발되는 부정확한 파라미터 추정(parameter estimation)을 방지하는 역할을 수행하고, 학습 말뭉치는 사용자 입력의 불확실성을 보완하는 역할을 수행한다. 실험을 통해 문어체 말뭉치, 통신환경 구어체 말뭉치, 웹 게시판 등 다양한 종류의 말뭉치와 다양한 통계적 모델에 대해 제안 방법이 효과적임을 알 수 있다.

In this paper, several modal identification techniques without using the input information are investigated. Generally, the peak picking method is most widely used, however, other methods may give better estimates particularly for the cases with close modes and/ or highly damped system modes. Example analyses were carried out on three different structures, and the estimated modal parameters by various methods are compared.

The flexibility of long reach manipulators presents a difficult control problem when accurate end-point position is required. Input shaping by convolving system commands with impulse sequences has been shown to be an effective method of reducing residual vibrations in flexible systems. However, existing shapers has been considered robustness for only frequency uncertainty. However, this paper presents new multi-hump convolution(CV) input shaper that could accommodate with the simultaneous variation of natural frequency and damping ratio. Comparisons with previously proposed input shapers are presented to illustrate the qualities of the new input shaper. These new shapers will be shown to have better robustness for the variation of frequency and damping ratio.

A model analysis method has been developed in the paper. The method estimates the modal parameters of multiple input-output systems, assesses their quality, and seperates structural modes form computation ones. The modal parameter extraction algorithm is the least squares method with a finite difference model relating input and output time data. The quality of the estimated system model can be assessed in narrow frequency bands by comparing the measured and model predicted responses in time domain with the aid of digital filters. Structural modes can be effectively separated from computational ones using the convergence factor which represents the pole convergence rate. The modal analysis method has been applied to simulated and experimental vibration data to evaluate its utility and limitations.

In this paper, we present a robust $H^{\infty}$ controller design method for parameter uncertain time-varying systems with disturbance and that have time-varying delays in both state and control. It is found that the problem shares the same formulation with the $H^{\infty}$ control problem for systems without uncertainty. Through a certain differential Riccati inequality approach, a class of stabilizing continuous controller is proposed. For parameter uncertainties, disturbance and time varying delays, proposed controllers the plant and guarantee an $H^{\infty}$ norm bound constraint on disturbance attenuation for all admissible uncertainties. Finally a numerical example is given to demonstrate the validity of the results.ts.

The laser-arc hybrid welding of SS400 steel was carried out with the use of disk laser equipment of 6.6kW maximum power and MAG equipment of pulse mode. Parameter regarding heat input is one of the most important factors that directly affect penetration characteristics and welding defect. Therefore in this study, the effects of laser power, welding speed and current, voltage and pulse correction were investigated. As experiment result, it was found that the lower heat input, the more likely humping bead is formed at the back, and such humping bead could be suppressed by increasing laser power and arc current or decreasing welding speed, thus increasing heat input. Also deep penetration could be achieved by reducing arc voltage or pulse correction parameter in the same welding condition.