Earticle

본 연구는 아동들의 귀납 추론과 범주화 과정을 통해 범주 정보인 범주명과 특성, 그리고 시각 정보가 추론 과정에서 차지하는 역할에 대해 알아보고 이를 심리적 본질주의 관점에서 이해하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 범주에서 특성을 추론하는 특성 추론 과제와 특성에서 범주를 추론하는 범주화 과제에서의 수행을 비교하였다. 4세, 5세 아동 71명과 성인 20명을 대상으로 특성 추론과 범주화 과제를 실시한 결과, 인간의 성별, 동물, 인간의 직업, 인공물의 영역 모두에서 범주화 과제보다 특성 추론 과제를 수행할 때 범주 정보를 더 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 제시된 특성이 익숙한 특성일 경우에는 특성 추론 과제와 범주화 과제 간의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 특성 추론 과제에서는 자연적 범주와 임의적 범주 간의 차이가 나타나지 않았지만, 범주화 과제에서는 자연적 범주에 비해 임의적 범주에 대해 추론할 때 시각 정보의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 추론 과제 종류와 범주 종류에 관계없이 연령이 증가할수록 범주 정보를 더 많이 사용하였다. 본 연구 결과는 특성에 비해 범주명의 추론 가능성이 더 높다는 점을 보여주며, 성인과 마찬가지로 어린 아동들도 시각적 유사성보다 범주 정보를 추론 기준으로 더 많이 고려할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of category label, properties and visual appearance on children’s reasoning during inductive inference and categorization. A property inference task and a categorization task were used to examine the effects of category label and properties. The results based on the data collected from 71 4-and 5-year-old children and 20 adults indicated that the participants’ reasoning was more category-based during the property inference task than during the categorization task. However, this tendency was not significant when the properties were highly familiar. Perceptual cues played a strong role in the categorization task when categorizing arbitrary categories compared to natural categories, but this was not the case during the property inference task. The results also showed that older participants tended to use conceptual information (category labels and properties) more than did younger participants, regardless of tasks and domains. These findings indicate that category labels have higher inductive potential compared to properties in human reasoning, and that even young children may consider conceptual information as main information that may override other factors, such as perceptual similarity.

An inductive sensor system is proposed to detect the gear location and angular position of a geared shaft for automatic feeding of the shaft into the proper cutting position of the other end. The system consists of two set of coils, bridge circuit, signal condition circuit, and microprocessor. The coil sensors of the system measure changes of inductance along with the surface position of a geared shaft. The inductance changes are transformed to voltages by the bridge circuit, which are then conditioned and processed for the recognition of the gear. In order to incorporate with the experimental results with the sensor system, a finite element method (FEM) simulation for the magnetic field between the sensor and the shaft was carried out. The predicted results and the experiments revealed that the sensor system was appropriate for sensing the position of gear and the angular position of gear tooth of a geared shaft.

In this paper, a development of an inductive position sensor is described. The sensor is similar to a radial magnetic bearing in that the sensor stator is shaped like a heteropolar magnetic bearing and is driven by a switching amplifier. A demodulation filter extracts the gap information from the switching current ripples. A prototype sensor exhibits the resolution of $0.43\mum$ and the dynamic bandwidth of about 800Hz. The dynamic performance can be improved by increasing the switching frequency. However, the eddy current effects become noticeable at high switching frequency, thus limiting the improvement of the bandwidth.

본 연구의 기본개념은 개별 차량이 대기차량 검지기를 통과할 때 "점유시간이 길다면 곧 차량은 정체하고 있다."라는 아주 기본적인 명제에서 출발하고 있다. 즉 차량의 속도를 고려하지 않고, 점유시간과 정체도는 비례한다는 개념으로부터 차량의 점유시간에서 정체도의 개념을 바로 유추하는 것이다. 본 연구에서 수행한 결과만을 놓고 본다면, 본 연구에서 제안하는 방식인 지점속도 대신 주기단위 점유율을 사용하는것이 모형이 정확도와 대기길이 추정의 신뢰도 측면에서 공히 우월한 결과를 얻었다. 이외 운영자 측면에서의 이점으로는 긴존 방식에서 요구되는 모수 s1, s2, Thdoc 값을 현장에 맞게 최적화 할 필요 없이 점유율을 곧 바로 정체도로 사용할 수 있다는 장점도 매력적일 수 있다. 점유율 방식을 사용할 경우 물론 현장 상황에 따라 조정되어야 할 변수들이 있겠지만, 기정값으로는 기존 임계정체도에서 사용하는 값인 0.7 대신에 0.20 - 0.30 정도가 적당한 것으로 분석되었다. 단, 제안 모형의 한계로는 본 모형은 누적 점유시간을 계측 주기시간 동안의 점유율을 사용하기 때문에 만일 대기차량이 형성되어 있는 동안 차량이 검지기를 점유하지 않을 때는 상당한 오차를 가지게 된다는 문제가 있다. 따라서 제안방식의 모형의 추정 신뢰도를 제고하기 위해서는 현재 상류부 대기길이용 검지기인 1.8m X 1.8m 크기의 검지기를 차량흐름 방향으로 크게 하거나 아니면 아예 검지기를 쌍으로 설치하는 것이 필요하다고 하겠다. 또한 COSMOS 시스템에서의 신뢰도 높은 대기길이 추정 기능은 과포화시 효율적인 신호제어에 필수적으로 요구되는 기능으로 향후 이와 관련된 후속연구가 활발히 진행되기를 바란다.

The study begin with a basic concept, if the occupancy length of vehicle detector is directly proportional to the delay of vehicle. That is, it analogize vehicle's delay of a occupancy time. The results of a study was far superior in the estimation of a queue length. It is a very good points the operator is not necessary to optimize s1, s2, Thdoc. Thdoc(critical congestion degree) replaced 0.7 with 0.2 - 0.3. But, if vehicles have been experience in delay was not occupy vehicle detector, the study is in existence some problems. In conclusion, it is necessary that stretch queue detector or install paired queue detector. Also I want to be made steady progress a following study relation to this study, because it is required traffic signal control on congestion.

We had presented an inductive type intraocular pressure sensor (L-sensor) in previous work. The distance between a micro coil and a ferrite on the membrane was modulated by pressure, and as a result the inductance and resonant frequency were changed. However, L-sensor has some problems to implant in eyes. First problem is low sensitivity. When L-sensor was implanted in rabbit's eyes, resonant frequency of L-sensor was very hard to detect. Second problem is biocompatibility. Size of L-sensor is $6{\times}7{\times}1.2mm$. When L-sensor was implanted in the eyes, it caused the inflammation. Therefore, this study suggests an inductive and capacitive type IOP sensor (LCsensor). The sensitivity of the LC-sensor 27.3 kHz/mmHg under 60mmHg. It is much larger than 14 kHz/mmHg of the L-sensor. And the size of LC-sensor is 47% smaller than L-sensor. After 2 weeks from the implantation of LC-sensor into rabbit eyes, we measured the changes of resonant frequency of LC-sensor according to increased IOP by Balanced Salt Solution (BSS) injection. As a result, the sensitivity of LC-sensor in in vivo test is 25 kHz/mmHg. That is similar to the sensitivity of in vitro test.

본 논문에서는 자기유도 방식의 3.3kW급 무선전력전송회로의 설계 및 실험결과를 제시한다. 본 논문에서 고려하는 무선전력전송회로는 전기차 무선충전에 적용하는 것을 염두에 두고 이격거리는 17.5cm를 기준으로 하는 한편, 최근 전기차 무선충전 분야의 표준화 동향을 고려하여 동작주파수 범위는 85kHz 내외로 유지하는 것을 설계사양으로 채택하였다. 또한, 전기차무선충전에 있어서 급전단과 수전단의 이격거리, 정렬오차 등의 변동으로 인한 자기 결합도의 변동이 있을 수 있음을 감안하여 이를 설계에 반영하였다. 설계사양을 검증하기 위해 실험용 회로를 구성하였고 이에 대한 효율시험 결과를 제시하였다.

AMB(Active Magnetic Bearing) systems are popularly used in various areas. In biomedical engineering applications it is a key part of magnetically suspended rotary blood pumps. The special advantage of AMBs is that they enable the rotor to revolve with no physical contact and provide rotary blood pumps with better performances such as low hemolysis level. Fundamentally, AMB systems consist of three parts, proximity sensors for distance detection, microprocessor for control algorithm and power amplifiers for actuating electromagnets. We have developed an inductive type proximity sensor with satisfactory characteristics that can be used in AMB systems. Frequency response was flat at least up to 10 kHz and sensitivity, resolution$(>5{\mu}m)$ and sensing range(<5mm) of the sensor could be adjustable for various purposes. The characteristics of the completed model showed to have satisfactory behaviors compared with the commercially available ones that already appeared to have reliable behaviors in AMB systems.

An electromagnetic inductive sensor consisted of one exciter and three separated (triple) detectors has been developed for both tracking the weld seam of a workpiece and controlling the sensor-to-workpiece distance (height) simultaneously. The left and right detectors are used to track the seam, while the fore and the other two detectors allow the sensor to determine the height and the gap width by being coupled their outputs together. A series of experiments with the proposed sensor located above a mild steel plate containing a weld seam of gap are carried out to examine the feasibility of the sensor. The results revealed that the proposed sensor could fairly well track the desired seam and also well control the height to be constant even when the gap width of the seam varied. The gap width can be also determined during the seam tracking by using the sensor outputs. As a consequence, these can provide the developed sensor with substantial improvement for industrial uses with respect to the previous electromagnetic sensors being used for the weld seam tracking.

The 7-dial inductive voltage divider (IVD) which is divided the in put voltage precisely upto 10-7 were fabricated by using the toroidal cores made of super-mumetal strips of 0.025 mm thick and special decade switches. The cores ate of the initial permeability of 200,000 and magnetic flux density of 0.5 T. The in phase and quadrature ratio errors are evaluated to less than ${\pm}4{\times}10^{-7}$ and ${\pm}5{\times}10^{-6}$ rad. respectively. The fabrication techniques used are more discussed in this paper.

본 연구는 한국프로골프(KPGA) 선수 징계에 대한 골프소비자 인식의 귀납적 분석 방법을 통하여 내용을 분석 검토하고, 골프문화의 정책적인 발전방안을 마련하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상자는 2019년 김비오 선수 징계 사례를 알고 있는 골프소비자를 대상으로 진행하였으며, 300명의 응답자 중 설문내용이 충실하지 못하다고 판단되는 29부를 제외한 271부를 내용분석 하였다. 전체 세부영역인 534개의 원자료를 중심으로 2차 귀납적 범주분석을 실시하여 전체 8개의 세부영역과 4개의 일반영역으로 범주화하였다. 세부영역 8개 중 첫째, 갤러리 행동과 갤러리 문화는 “갤러리 시스템”이라는 일반영역으로 구분되었고, 둘째, 과도한 징계와 강력한 처벌 필요는 “선수 징계 시스템”, 셋째, 선수 행동과 선수 책임을 포함하는 “선수 관리 시스템”으로 넷째, 협회운영과 팬 서비스 운영은 “골프협회 시스템”으로 구분 되었다. 이를 통해 본 연구에서는 김비오 선수 징계 사건에 따른 골프소비자들의 인식도를 알아보고, 프로골프대회의 갤러리 문화 발전 방안을 검토하고 선수들의 행동변화를 위한 실질적인 방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze/review contents through inductive analysis method of golf consumers’ recognition on discipline of Korean pro golfer(KPGA) in order to arrange politic development method of golf culture. The objects of this study are golf consumers who are aware of the discipline case of Kim Bio in 2019. 271 sets of responses excluding 29 sets deemed to be unreliable out of 300 sets are analyzed. The 2nd inductive category analysis is implemented mainly on the basis of total detailed areas, 534 raw materials in order to categorize 8 detailed areas and 4 general areas in all. Out of 8 detailed areas, first, gallery behavior & gallery culture are divided into general area called “gallery system”. Second, the necessity of excessive discipline & strong punishment is divided into “golfer discipline system.” Third, “golfer management system” including golfer behavior & golfer responsibility. Fourth, association operation and fan service operation are divided into “golf association system.” This study through this process intends to find golf consumers’ recognition on discipline case of Kim Bio golfer, to review development method of gallery culture in pro golf competition and to present actual method to change golfers’ behavior.

Considering both elementary school students’ cognitive developmental level and scientific experiment performing ability, duck observation and classification paper test items are developed. Also, counting formulas that convert qualitative observation ability and classification ability into quantitative figure are developed. Conclusions of this research are as follow. First, the duck test items are designed to have students inductively generate scientific knowledges through solving the descriptive paper test items. So elementary school students’ inductive scientific knowledge generating ability can be assessed by analyzing their task product without any extra experiment. Second, elementary school students’ inductive scientific knowledge generating ability can be quantitatively evaluated by combining both observation ability quotient and classification ability quotient.

In this work, we proposed Proper etching algorithm for ultra-large scale integrated circuit device and simulated etching process using the proposed algorithm in the case of ICP (inductive coupled plasma) 〔1〕source. Until now, many algorithms for etching process simulation have been proposed such as Cell remove algorithm, String algorithm and Ray algorithm. These algorithms have several drawbacks due to analytic function; these algorithms are not appropriate for sub 0.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ device technologies which should deal with each ion. These algorithms could not present exactly straggle and interaction between Projectile ions and could not consider reflection effects due to interactions among next projectile ions, reflected ions and sputtering ions, simultaneously In order to apply ULSI process simulation, algorithm considering above mentioned interactions at the same time is needed. Proposed algorithm calculates interactions both in plasma source region and in target material region, and uses BCA (binary collision approximation4〕method when ion impact on target material surface. Proposed algorithm considers the interaction between source ions in sheath region (from Quartz region to substrate region). After the collision between target and ion, reflected ion collides next projectile ion or sputtered atoms. In ICP etching, because the main mechanism is sputtering, both SiO$_2$ and Si can be etched. Therefore, to obtain etching profiles, mask thickness and mask composition must be considered. Since we consider both SiO$_2$ etching and Si etching, it is possible to predict the thickness of SiO$_2$ for etching of ULSI.

본 연구는 한국 축구클럽리그 K7 디비전 운영자의 인식에 대한 귀납적 방법을 통하여 내용을 분석 검토하고, 디비전 구축사업의 정책적인 발전방안을 마련하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상자는 2017년도 17개시·도의 156개 시·군·구 기초리그를 구성하고 있는 한국축구클럽리그 K7 디비전 사업 운)영 담당자 156명을 대상으로 방문조사를 실시하였다. 운영자 인식 평가지표 구성은 운영평가(5문항), 홍 평가(5문항), 안전평가(4문항), 취지 이해도평가(4문항), 예산평가(4문항) 등 22개 문항 5개 영역으로 구성하였다. 귀납적 내용 분석결과, 운영시스템, 예산시스템, 시설시스템, 홍보시스템으로 분류되었다. 또한 운영자 인식 분석 내용을 통해 운영시스템의 체계화, 예산편성의 합리화, 좋은 환경 및 시설확보, 홍보 강화 등의 개선점이 도출되었다. 본 연구에서는 한국축구클럽리그 K7 디비전 구축사업의 발전 방안으로써 인적 자원 확보, 운영체계 정비, 시스템 강화 등 3가지 틀을 중심으로 세부적인 방안을 검토하였다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and review the development plan of the K7 division in the korean football club league by analyzing inductive contents of operator’s recognition. The study was conducted by 156 people in operators of the K7 division in the korean football club league. The operators’ recognition assessment indicators consisted of five areas of 22 questions: operational assessment (five questions), public relations assessment (five questions), safety assessment (four questions), and budget assessment (four questions). The results of the inductive content analysis are ‘operating system’, ‘Budget System’, ‘Facility System’, ‘PR system’. The improvements were derived from the analysis results of operator awareness, such as the systematicization of operating systems, streamlining budgeting, securing good environment and facilities, and strengthening of public relations. In addition, the research focused on three areas: securing human resources, overhauling the operating system, and strengthening of the system as part of the policy project to support the K7 division in the korean football club league.