Earticle

The Functional Element SNPs Database (FESD) categorizes functional elements in human genic regions and provides a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within each area. Users may select a set of SNPs in specific functional elements with haplotype information and obtain flanking sequences for genotyping. Our previous version of FESD has been improved in several ways. We regenerated all the data in FESD II from recently updated source data such as HapMap, UCSC GoldenPath, dbSNP, OMIM, and $TRANSFAC^{(R)}$. Users can obtain information about tagSNPs and simulate LD blocks for each gene from four ethnicities in the HapMap project on the fly. FESD II employs a Java/JSP web interface for better platform portability and higher speed than PHP in the previous version. As a result, FESD II provides its users with more powerful information about functional element SNPs of human ethnicities.

To construct an efficient Bacillus subtilis expression vector, strong promoters were isolated from the chromosomal DNA libraries of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 4259, Thermoactinomyces sp. E79, and Bacillus thermoglucosidasius KCTC 3400. The $P_{C27}$ promoter cloned from the clostridial chromosmal DNA showed a 5-fold higher promoter strength than the $P_{SP02}$ promoter in the expression of the cat gene, and its sequence was estimated as an upstream region of the predicted hypothetical gene (tet-R family bacterial transcription regulator gene) in C. acetobutylicum. As a promoter element, $P_{C27}$ exhibited putative nucleotide sequences that can bind with bacterial RNAP and the 3'end of the 16S rRNA just upstream of the start codon. In addition, the promoter activity of $P_{C27}$ was distinctively repressed in the presence of glucose. Using $P_{C27}$ as the promoter element, a glucose controllable B. subtilis expression vector was constructed and the lipase gene from Staphylococcus haemolyticus KCTC 8957P was expressed in B. subtilis. When compared with the lipase expression by the T7 promoter induced by IPTG in E. coli, the $P_{C27}$ promoter showed about a 1.5-fold higher expression level in B. subtilis than that without induction.

The axisymmetric variational approach employing localized functional is applied to calculate the leakage magnetic field from an induction heating system consisting of an exciting coil and a conducting circular plate. The open boundary is treated by introducing the exterior functional which is representated using the spherical fundamental solutions. For the application to the voltags source problems, the currents on the exciting coil is treated as unknowns. Our results are compared with the previous results, which showed good agreements.

최근 해사산업 분야에서는 4차 산업혁명의 대명사로서 자율운항선박 관련 자율운항기술 및 원격운항기술 등의 개발이 활발히 진행되어 자율운항선박에 대한 본격적인 실증이 현실화되고 있다. 이러한 자율운항선박이 현실화가 된다면 이러한 선박이 국제해사협약 체계 내에서 아무 문제없이 운항이 가능해야 할 것이며, 이를 위한 정책적, 법제적 준비가 제대로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 이를 위해 자율운항선박이 운용되기 위하여 반드시 고려되어야 하는 인적요인의 역할 변화에 대한 법제적 및 기능적 검토가 필요하다. 먼저 국제협약 및 국내법에서는 인적요인에 대한 여러 규정을 두고 있으며 선박의 해상에서의 안전을 확보하기 위하여 자격 있는 선원의 승선 및 통제를 전제로 하여 선박과 인적요인을 분리하고 있지 않다. 다만, 자율운항선박의 경우 기국이 재량에 따라 판단하여 선원이 승선하지 않아도 안전하고 효율적으로 선박을 운항할 수 있다고 판단한다면 반드시 선원의 승선이 필요한 것은 아니라고 볼 것이다. 특히, 선박의 안전운항을 위하여 그동안 선장 및 해기사가 수행해 온 역할들이 누락없이 축소된 최소 선원, 원격운항자 및/또는 첨단기술로 적절히 이전된다면 그러한 시대변화를 뒷받침할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 IMO에서 논의가 되고 있는 원격운항자의 역할과 책임과 관련하여 기존 해기사의 기능 중 원격운항자가 이어 받아 수행할 수 있는 기능을 식별하고 그러한 기능에서 요구되는 해기능력을 확인하여 제시하고자 하였으며, 향후 원격운항자의 요구능력으로 참조할 수 있을 것이다.

In recent years, in the maritime industry, as a synonym for the 4th Industrial Revolution, the development of autonomous navigation technology and remote operation technology related to MASS is actively progressing, and full-scale demonstration of MASS is becoming a reality. If this MASS is realized, these ships will be able to operate without any problems within the international maritime conventions, and policy and legal preparations for this will need to be properly made. To this end, it is necessary to conduct a legal and functional review on the role transition of human elements that must be considered in order to operate MASS. First, international maritime conventions and domestic laws have various regulations on human elements, and in order to ensure the safety of ships at sea, ships and human elements are not separated on the premise of boarding and control by qualified seafarers. However, in the case of MASS, if the flag state determines at its discretion that the ship can operate safely and efficiently without seafarers on board, it will not necessarily be considered necessary to have seafarers on board. In particular, if the roles that captains and ship officers have been performing for the safe operation of ships are appropriately transferred to a reduced minimum seafarers, remote operators, and/or cutting-edge technology, it seems that such transition can be supported. Therefore, in relation to the roles and responsibilities of remote operators being discussed in the IMO, this paper identifies the functions that remote operators can take over and perform among the existing seafarers’ functions, and identifies and presents the competences required for those functions. It may be used as a reference for the required competences of remote operators in the future.

본 논문의 목적은 효율적인 3절점 판 유한요소를 개발하는 것이다. Hellinger-Reissner 범함수에 근거한 혼합정식화(mixed formulation)를 사용한다. 잠김현상을 일으키는 전단변형률장을 독립적으로 분리한 후, MITC(Mixed Interpolation of Tensorial Components)방법을 이용하여 대체전단변형률장(assumed transverse shear strain field)을 구성한다. 추가적으로 회전된 반변기저벡터(contravariant base vector)로 정의된 근사전단변형률장(approximated transverse shear strain field)에 미지수(unknowns)를 도입하여 혼합정식화를 완성시키고 정적응축(static condensation)을 통해 최종 강성행렬을 구성한다. 거짓영에너지모드시험(spurious zero energy mode test), 조각시험(patch test), 등방성시험(isotropic test) 등을 실시하였으며, 4변 완전구속 정사각형 판 구조물과 60도 기울어진 단순지지 판 구조물 등 예제들을 해석하여 MITC3판 유한요소와 수렴성능을 비교하였다.