Earticle

Information on plant diversity and community structure are required to chalk out necessary actions for conservation management. The present study assessed the composition and diversity of tree species in Kamalachari Natural Forest of Chittagong South Forest Division, Bangladesh, during April 2010 to November 2011. A total of 107 tree species belonging to 72 genera and 37 families were recorded, where Moraceae family was represented by maximum (11) species. Density, Basal area and volume of tree species were 418±20.09 stem/ha, 21.10±2.62 m2/ha and 417.4±79.8 m3/ha respectively. Diameter and height class distribution of tree species revealed an almost reverse J-shaped curve. Both the number of species and percentage of tree individuals were maximum in the lower DBH and height ranges. Anthropogenic disturbances like illegal tree cutting, over extraction, settlement inside forest area etc. were noticed during the study, which are supposed to cause gradual decrease of both tree species and individuals in the higher DBH and height classes. However, Artocarpus chama was found dominant showing maximum IVI followed by Schima wallichii, Aporosa wallichii, and Lithocarpus acuminata. The quantitative structure of the tree species of Kamalachari natural forest is comparable to other tree species rich tropical natural forests. The findings of the study may help in monitoring future plant population changes of the identified species and adopting species specific conservation programs in Kamalachari natural forest.

New technologies in polymer synthesis and pipe extrusion equipment have led to the commercialization of high-performance, large-diameter, thick-wall high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes. They have been used in the field of seawater transport and cooling to replace metal pipes, due to their advantages of high corrosion resistance and extensibility. Connection of HDPE pipe is important as it determines the safety of the entire piping system. Butt fusion welding is commonly used for HDPE pipe connection but may cause the formation of weak points in the welded joints, interfering the reliability of the pipeline system in the application of nuclear power plants. At present, there is a lack of research on evaluating the performance of welded joint for large-diameter thick-wall HDPE pipes made by butt fusion-welding. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of three different butt fusion-welding processes, i.e., single low pressure (SLP), single high pressure (SHP) and dual low pressure (DLP), by evaluating the performance of their welded joints, including characterizing tensile strength, extensibility, crystallinity and hardness. In specific, a thick-wall HDPE pipe with OD of 812.8 mm and wall thickness of 74 mm which is certified for nuclear safety class was used for study. Representative specimen from the outer, middle and inner part across the wall of the main pipe body and welded joints were taken for testing. Different test methods and specimens were designed to assess the feasibility of evaluating the welding performance from different welding process. The results showed that the mechanical properties of different locations of the welded joints were different, and the tensile strength and fracture energy of the middle part of the joint were lower than that of the inner and outer parts, which could be caused by the difference in the crystallinity and thickness of the melting zone influenced by welding processes, as can be seen from the analysis of DSC test and morphology observation. Hardness testing was conducted on the section of the welded joints, and it revealed that the micromechanical properties of the welded joints in the region of the heat-affected zone were enhanced significantly, which may be due to the annealing effect caused by welding process. In summary, The DLP process resulted in the best extensibility of the welded joints among three processes, suggesting that the joining pressure from welding process plays an important role in affecting the extensibility of the welded joints.

목적: 직경 2 m급 반사면을 가지는 태양열 집광 장치를 개발하고자 한다. 방법: 태양열 집광 장치 반사면 제작을 위해서는 제작에 사용될 반사판 섹터의 형상이 필요한데 먼저 이 형상을 도출할 수 있는 공식을 유도하였다. 반사경 외형 직경, 근축영역에서의 반사경 곡률반경, 반사경 섹터의 개수, 반사경 중심 홀의 크기, 출력 데이터의 간격을 입력 변수로 하여 반사면 섹터의 형상과 수치 데이터를 상기 공식으로 도출하는 프로그램을 델파이 6.0 언어를 사용하여 개발하였다. 결과: 반사면 섹터의 형상과 수치 데이터를 도출하기 위해 개발된 프로그램은 반사면 섹터의 형상을 모니터에 나타낼 수 있도록 하였으며, 형상에 대한 수치 데이터 파일을 저장할 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 이 프로그램 사용자는 반사면 섹터의 수치 데이터를 쉽게 다룰 수 있게 되었다. 결론: 태양열 집광 장치 반사면 제작에 사용되는 반사면 섹터를 만들어내는 프로그램을 개발하여 실제 직경 2m급 태양열 집광장치 개발에 적용하여 시제품 제작에 성공하였다.

Purpose: To develop a solar concentrator having the reflecting surface with the 2m class diameter. Methods: In order to make the reflecting surface for the solar concentrator, the shape of the reflecting surface sector is required. So, first, we induced the formula that can produce this shape. After that, using Delphi 6.0 language, we developed a program which uses this formula and produces the shape and the numerical data of the reflecting surface sector with the input variables such as the external diameter of the reflecting mirror, the reflecting mirror's radius of curvature at the paraxial range, the number of reflecting mirror sector, the size of the center hole of the reflecting mirror, and the interval of the output data. Results: This program, which was developed to produce the shape and the numerical data of the reflecting surface sector, enables us to see the shape of sector on the monitor and to save the numerical data files for the shape of sector. As a result, the user of this program can easily access the numerical data of the reflecting surface sector. Conclusions: Developing the program which produce the reflecting surface sector used to make the reflecting surface of the solar concentrator, we could succeed in making the prototype products by applying it to the development of the real solar concentrator with the diameter of the 2m class.