Earticle

This study focuses on the variant realizations of the English prefix dis-. Studying dis- has been overshadowed by the common prefix realization studies with respect to in-, con-, un-, and non-. The common affix study has typically explained the variant realizations by adopting the division of affix classes and their phonological behaviors. However, the English prefix dis- shows aberrant realization patterns, which cannot be ascribed to the different affix classes. It is because the prefix dis- shows both realization patterns of Class-I and Class-II prefixes. Even though the prefix dis- belongs to Class-II in traditional classification, it does not follow the typical Class-II realization patterns. However, the variant realization patterns are motivated by the status of the bases. When the prefix occurs before a bound stem, the prefix final fricative does not appear in the output, while it occurs before a free-standing stem. This dual behavior of the prefix can be explained by using constraints that are domain-specific so that constraints can reflect the dual realization of the prefix. Thus, the current study reveals that the traditional division of affixes into distinct classes is not a monolithic criterion in explaining the prefix realizations.

Membrane-bound HLA-G (mHLA-G) discovery on adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) as a tolerogenic and immunosuppressive molecule was very important. Many documents have shown that HLA-G expression can be controlled via some hormones such as progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2). Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate progesterone and estradiol effects on mHLA-G in ADSCs at restricted and combination concentrations. Three independent cell lines were cultured in complete free phenol red DMEM and subcultured to achieve sufficient cells. These cells were treated with P4, E2 and P4 plus E2 at physiologic and pregnancy concentrations for 3 days in cell culture conditions. The HLA-G positive ADSCs was measured via monoclonal anti HLA-G-FITC/ MEMG-09 by means of flow cytometry in nine groups. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests. There were no significant values of the mean percentage of HLA-G positive cells in E2-treated and the combination of P4 plus $E_2-treated$ ADSCs compared to control cells (p value>0.05) but P4 had a significant increase on mHLA-G in ADSCs (p value<0.05). High P4 concentration increased mHLA-G but E2 and the combination of P4 plus E2 could not change mHLA-G on ADSCs.